MATHEMATICS II (SHF 1124)

CHAPTER 6 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

6.1 : PROPERTIES OF THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

In this chapter, the distribution of a continuous random variable will be discussed.

The most widely used are the normal and standard normal distributions.

Probability of a continuous random variable assumes within a certain interval is

given by the area under curve within the interval itself.

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
DISTRIBUTION

A large number of phenomena in the world can be described or approximately

described by normal distribution. For example, the examination scores of students,
the weight of newborn babies, the length of a type of leaves and the amount of soda
in drinks.

A normal probability distribution is a bell-shaped curve with the following

characteristics:

a) The total area under the curve is 1.0.

b) The curve is symmetric about the mean 2.

c) The 2 tails of the curve extend indefinitely.

d) The curve is described below

4 5 6789:8;: :<=>87>?9

Normal distribution is identified by 2 parameters, mean 2 and variance 4 @ . Given

the values of 2 and 4 @ , the area under the curve can now be obtained.

Each different values of 2 and 4 @ give different normal distribution

The value of mean 2 determines the center of the distribution whereas different
values of 4 @ determines how much the observation is dispersed.

A normal random variable is a continuous random variable X that has a normal

distribution CDEF2, 4 @ ).

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6.2 : STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

The normal distribution with mean 2 5 0 and standard deviation 4 5 1 is called the
standard normal distribution denoted by EF0,1) described below:

G5H

I5J

The Z value of Z scores are the units marked on the horizontal axis of standard
normal curve.

The continous random variable Z is usually used to represent the standard normal
random variable, MDEF0,1)

To standardized a normal random variable X to a standard normal random variable
Z, the following formula is used:

OPI
N5
G
where 2 5 Q<89
4 5 6789:8;: :<=>87>?9

The standard normal table can be used to find the area under the standard normal
curve Fprobability)

The table that will be used in this chapter is RFJ S N S T)

J T

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EXAMPLE:

If CDEFU,V) find using standard normal table:

a) WFC X Y) 0.0V1Y
b) WFC S Z) 0.62V3
c) WFU S C S 6) 0.2UY6
d) WFC X 3) 0.62V3
e) WFC S 2) 0.2Z1U
f) WF1 S C S 3) 0.2120
g) WF2 S C S Z) 0.377V
h) WF3.Z ] C ] Y.3) 0.UV11
 Note that for continous random variable, RF^. _ ] C ] Y.3) 5
RF^. _ S O S `. ^)
i) the value of m if WFC X Q) 5 0.11Z1 a 5 b. c

EXERCISE:

1. Compute the value of d so that

i. WFM ] d) 5 0.3V7U e 5 PJ. fc
ii. WFPd ] M ] d) 5 0.Y32U e 5 H. ^`
iii. WFM g d) 5 0.3 e 5 J. _f
iv. WFM ] d) 5 0.2Z e 5 PJ. cb
v. WFP1 ] M ] d) 5 0.6 e 5 J. b
vi. WF0.3 ] M ] d) 5 0.1 e 5 J. _`
vii. WFd ] M ] 1.7Z) 5 0.YY e 5 PH. hH

2. Let C be a normal random variable with mean 2 and standard deviation 4.

a) If WFC X Z0) 5 0.2Z1U , 4 5 10 iind 2 I 5 h^. ^
b) If WF2Z ] C ] 30) 5 0.3VUU , 2 5 2Z, iind 4 G5h

3. Find the area of the curve below by using standard normal table
a) Normal curve 0.06YU
b) Normal curve 0.3Z7U

U. CDEF2 , 4 @ ). If WFC g 12) 5 0.3 and WFC ] 6) 5 0.U, find the value of 2 and 4.
I 5 b. j_ , G 5 b. bj

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6.3 : APPLICATIONS OF THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

1. The daily time of a taxi driver in Kuala Lumpur is normally distributed with mean 12
hours and standard deviation 2 hours. Find the probability that a taxi driver chosen
random in Kuala Lumpur drives

a) for less than 1Z hours 0.V332

b) for more than 10 hours 0.YU13
c) between 10 hours and 1Z hours 0.77UZ

2. The life-span of a type of air freshener produced by a factory in Kelang is normally

distributed with mean 32Z hours and standard deviation 2Z hours. Find

a) the probability that a unit of air-freshener chosen at random has a life-span between
2Y0 hours and 300 hours 0.122Y
b) the percentage of air freshener that has a life-span of more than 2Y0 hours 0.V6U1

3. Ella found that the time taken for her to walk to her office from her house is normally
distributed with a mean of UZ minutes and a standard deviation of 6 minutes. If she
starts from her house at Y.10 a.m., find the probability that she will reach her office
before V a.m. 0.7V67

U. The height of students in school A are normally distributed with a mean of 13Z cm and
a standard deviation of Z cm. Find the probability that a student chosen at random from
school A has a height of more than 1UZ cm but less than 1Z0 cm. 0.021Z

Z. To qualify for a police academy, candidates must score in the top 10% on a general
abilities test. The test has mean 200 and standard deviation of 20. Find the lowest
possible score to qualify. Assume that the test is normally distributed. 226

6. For a medical study, a researcher wishes to select people in the middle 60% of the
population based on blood pressure. If the mean systolic blood pressure is 120 and the
standard deviation is Y, find the upper and lower readings that would qualify people to
participate in the study. HH^. f` ] C ] 126.72

7. In a normal distribution, find standard deviation when mean is 100 and 2.6Y% of the
area lies to the right of 10Z. 2.ZV

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Y. A brisk walk at U miles per hour burns an average of 300 calories per hour. If the
standard deviation of the distribution is Y calories, find the probability that a person
who walks one hour at the rate of U miles per hour will burn the following calories.
Assume the variable is normally distributed.

a) more than 2Y0 calories 0.VV3Y

b) less than 2V3 calories 0.1YVU
c) between 2YZ and 320 calories 0.V637

V. The average waiting time for a drive-in window at a local bank is V.2 minutes, with a
standard deviation of 2.6 minutes. When a customer arrives at the bank, find the
probability that the customer will have to wait the following amount of time. Assume
the variable is normally distributed.

a) between Z and 10 minutes 0.Z6V1

b) less than 6 minutes or more than V minutes 0.6U12

10. The scores on a test have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 1Z. If a personnel
manager wishes to select from the top 7Z% of applicants who take the test, find the
cutoff score. Assume the variable is normally distributed. YV.VZ

11. An automobile dealer finds that the average price of a previously owned vehicle is
RMY2Z6. He decides to sell cars that will appeal to the middle 60% of the market in
terms of price. Find the maximum and minimum prices of the cars the dealer will sell.
The standard deviation is RM11Z0 and the variable is normally distributed.

opbfjJ ] C ] qrV22f

12. An athletic association wants to sponsor footrace. The average time it takes to run the
course is ZY.6 minutes, with a standard deviation of U.3 minutes. If the association
decides to award certificates to the fastest 20% of the racers, what should the cutoff
time be? Assume the variable is normally distributed. ZU.VV

13. An advertising company plans to market a product to low-income families. A study

states that for a particular area, the average income per family is RM2UZV6 and the
standard deviation is RM62Z6. If the company plans to target the bottom 1Y% of the
families based on income, find the cutoff income. Assume the variable is normally
distributed. RM1YYU0.UY

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6.U
6.U : THE CENTRAL LIMIT
LIMIT THEOREM

The central limit theorem is used to solve problems involving sample means for
large samples

A sampling distribution of sample means
Distribution using the means computed from all possible random samples of
a specific size taken from a population

Sampling error
The difference between the sample measure and the corresponding
population measure due to the fact that the sample is not a perfect
presentation of the population
Properties:
i. mean of sample mean, Ct will be the same as population mean 2

IOu 5 I

ii. 4 5 population standard deviation

4vt 5 sample mean standard deviation

G
GOu 5
wx

The central limit theorem

As sample size n increasing, the shape of distribution of 2vt taken with
replacement from 2 and 4 will approach normal distribution where
IOu 5 I

G
GOu 5
wx
The Z-values :

u PI
O
N5 G
y x
w

where u 5 z{|}~ |{€

O
I 5 |{€ ‚ z{|}~ |{€

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EXERCISE

1. During the last week of the semester, students at certain college spend on the average
U.2 hours using the school’s computer terminals with a standard deviation of 1.Y hours.
For a random sample of 36 students at that college, find the probabilities that the
average time spent the computer terminals during the last week of the semester is

a) At least U.Y hours 0.022Y b) between U.1 and U.Z hours 0.U706

2. A particular make of a car is known to show rust when it is 2.U years old on the average,
with a standard deviation of 0.Y year. If a car rental agency purchases 6U new cars of
this kind, what are the probabilities that the average time it will take for these cars to
show rust is

a) at most 2.6 years 0.V772 b) between 1.V and 2.3 years 0.1ZY6

3. The average number of milligram Fmg) of sodium in a certain brand of low –salt
microwave frozen dinners is 660 mg, and the standard deviation is 3Z mg. Assume the
variable is normally distributed.

a) If a single dinner is selected, find the probability that the sodium content will be
more than 670 mg. 0.3YZV
b) If a sample of 10 dinners is selected, find the probability that the mean of the sample
will be larger than 670 mg. 0.1YU1

U. The mean serum cholesterol of a large population of overweight adults is 220mg/dl and
the standard deviation is 16.3mg/dl. If a sample of 30 adults is selected, find the
probability that the mean will be between 220 and 222mg/dl. 0.2UY6

Z. The mean weight of 1Y-years-old females is 126 pounds, and the standard deviation is
1Z.7. If a sample of 2Z females is selected, find the probability that the mean of the
sample will be greater than 12Y.3 pounds. Assume the variable is normally distributed.
0.2327

6. The mean score on a dexterity test for 12 years-old is 30. The standard deviation is Z. If
a psychologist administers the test to a class of 22 students, find the probability that the
mean of the sample will be between 27 and 31. Assume the variable is normally
distributed. 0.Y23V

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7. The average cholesterol content of a certain brand of eggs is 21Z milligrams and the
standard deviation is 1Z milligrams. Assume the variable is normally distributed.

a) If a single egg is selected, find the probability that the cholesterol content will be
more than 220 milligrams. 0.3707
b) If a sample of 2Z eggs is selected, find the probability that the mean of the
sample will be larger than 220 milligrams. 0.0U7Z

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6.Z : THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION TO THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

A binomial distribution with parameters 9 and † can be approximated by a normal

distribution with mean 2 5 9† and standard deviation 4 5 ‡9†ˆ.

The normal approximation to the binomial distribution is good if 9 is large and †
close to 0.Z.

The condition to use normal approximation is when :

x‰ X _ and J. H S ‰ S J. j

Note that CDŠF9, †) is a discrete random variable whereas CDEF2 , 4 @ ) is

continuous.

Before using the normal approximation, a correction for continuity must be carried
out because a continuous distribution is used as an approximation for a discrete
distribution

A correction for continuity

a) RFO X ‹) 5 RFO g 8 P 0.Z)

b) RFO g 8) 5 RFO g 8 Π0.Z)
c) RFO S ‹) 5 RFO ] 8 Œ 0.Z)
d) RFO ] 8) 5 RFO ] 8 P 0.Z)
e) RF‹ S O S ) 5 RF‹ P J. _ ] C ] : Œ 0.Z)
f) RF‹ ] C ] :) 5 RF‹ Œ J. _ ] C ] : P 0.Z)
g) RFO 5 ‹) 5 RFT P J. _ ] C ] 8 Œ 0.Z)

Guideline to use normal approximation to binomial distribution

1. Check for x‰ X _
2. Find 2 and 4 where I 5 x‰ and G 5 ‡x‰Ž
3. Write the problem in probability notation
U. Use continuity correction Fshow area under the curve)
Z. Find z-values from standard normal table

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EXAMPLE:

1. Y0% of the books in a cupboard are academic books. If there are Z0 books in the
cupboard, find the probability that U0 books taken at random from the cupboard are
academic books, by using

a) binomial distribution, 0.13VY

0.13VY
b) the normal approximation to the binomial distribution. 0.1U2Y
0.1U2Y

EXERCISE F6.3-
F6.3-6.Z)

1. Consider the intelligence quotient FI.Q) scores for people. I.Q. scores are normally
distributed with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 16. Find the probability
that a person selected at random will have an I.Q

Fa) Between 100 and 11Z F0.1217) Fb) greater than V0 F0.73Z7)
Fc) Find the 33 percentile for I.Q. scores. FV2.V6)
rd

2. In a large class, suppose your instructor tells you that you need to obtain a grade in
the top 10% of your class to get an A on a particular exam. From past experience she
is able to estimate that the mean and standard deviation on this exam will be 72 and
13, respectively. What will be the minimum grade needed to obtain an A? FAssume
that the grades will be approximately normally distributed) YY.6U

3. The incomes of junior executives in a large corporation are normally distributed

with a standard deviation of $1200. A cutback in pending, at which time those who
earn less than $2Y000 will be discharged. If such a cut represents 10% of the junior
executives, what is the current mean salary of the group of junior executives?2VZ36
2VZ36

U. The average time it takes college freshman to complete a Basic Reasoning Test is
2U.6 minutes. The standard deviation is Z.Y minutes. Find these probabilities.
Assume that the variable is normally distributed.

0.77Z3
a) It will take a student between 1Z and 30 minutes to complete the test.0.77Z3
b) It will take a student less than 1Y minutes or more than 2Y minutes to
complete the test. 0.U0U7

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Z. The average salary for graduates entering the actuarial field is $U0000. If the salaries
are normally distributed with a standard deviation of $Z000, find the probability that

a) An individual graduate will have a salary over $UZ000. 0.1ZY7

b) A group of nine graduates will have a group average over $UZ000. 0.0013

6. Average cost of XYZ brand running shoes is $Y3 per pair, with a standard deviation of
$Y. If nine pairs of running shoes are selected, find the probability that the mean cost of
a pair of shoes will be less than $Y0. Assume the variable is normally distributed.0.12V2
0.12V2

7. Kindergarten children have heights that are approximately normally distributed about
a mean of 3V in. and a standard deviation of 2 in. A random sample of size 2Z is taken
and the mean is calculated.

a) What is the probability that this mean value will be between 3Y.Z and U0.0 inches?
0.YYY2
b) Within what limits would the middle V0% of the sampling distribution of sample
means for samples of size 100 fall? ^`. cb ] Ou ] 3V.33

Y. A survey on the preference of 1000 consumers found 1Y0 consumers preferred frozen
local food ‘Pau Kaya’. If the percentage of consumers that prefer Pau Kaya is actually
20%, find the approximate probability of observing 1Y0 or less in a sample of 1000 that
prefer Pau Kaya. 0.061Y

V. An airline finds that Z% of the persons making reservation on a certain flight will not
show up for the flight. If the airline sells 1Y0 tickets for a flight with only 17Z seats,
what is the probability that a seat will be available for every person holding a
reservation and planning to fly? 0.V3Y2

10. The manager of a restaurant knows from experience that 70% of the people who make
reservations show up for dinner. The manager decides to accept reservations for 60
tables. How many tables must be available if the probability of overbooking is to be less
than 0.1? U7

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6.6 : THE NORMAL

NORMAL APPROXIMATION TO THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION

The concept of normal approximation to the binomial distribution can be extended

to the Poisson distribution.

If X has a Poisson distribution with the parameter ”, the •FC) 5 ” and –8;F—) 5 ”.

For large values of , e.g. ” X 30 , C is approximately normal with mean ” and
variance ”.

EXAMPLE:

1. Let CDW?F30) and find WF2Z S C S 33) using

a) Poisson distribution,
b) Normal approximation

Solution:

a) Using the cumulative Poisson distribution table,

WF2Z S C S 33) 5 WFC X 2Z) P WFC X 3U)

5 0.YU2Y P 0.2ZZ6
5 0.ZY72

b) We have CDEF30,30)
By continuity correction,
WF2Z S C S 33) 5 WF2U.Z S C S 33.Z)
2U.Z P 30 33.Z P 30
5 W˜ SCS ™
w30 w30
5 WFP1.00 S M S 0.6U)
5 WFC X 1.00) ΠWFC X 0.6U)
5 0.3U13 Π0.23YV
5 0.ZY02

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 MATHEMATICS II (SHF 1124)

2. The number of credit card applications C received by a bank during a given week has a
Poisson distribution with ” 5 3U. Find the probability that between 2Y and 36
applications Finclusive) are received during the week.

Solution:
Using normal approximation, •FC) 5 3U and –8;FC) 5 3U. By continuity correction,

WF2Y S C S 36) 5 WF27.Z S C S 3V.Z)

27.Z P 3U 36.Z P 3U
5 W˜ SCS ™
w3U w3U
5 WFP1.11 S M S 0.U3)
5 WF1.11) ΠWF0.U3)
5 0.366Z Π0.166U
5 0.Z32V

EXERCISE 6.6

1. Let CDW?F30) and find WF20 S C S 2Z) using

a) Poisson distribution J. H`c_
b) Normal approximation J. Hb`b

2. Let CDW?F60). Using normal approximation, find the following probabilities.

a) WFC S Z0) J. HJj^
b) WF36 S C S ZU) J. f^`H
c) WFC g Z2) J. `^h

3. The number of accidents on an expressway has a Poisson distribution with an

average of 30 accidents per year. Using normal approximation, find the probability
that in a year there are
a) more than 33 accidents, J. fcHH
b) between 2U and 2V accidents. J. f^hj

U. The number of absentees per day in a kindergarten follows a Poisson distribution

with an average of 10 absentees in a day. Find the probability that there are at least
Z0 absentees per week. FAssume that classes are conducted 7 days a week).
J. jjfj

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 MATHEMATICS II (SHF 1124)

PAST YEARS

SEMESTER 1, 200Z/2006

a) The average life of a certain type of small motor is 10 years with a standard
deviation of 2 years. The manufacturer replaces free all motor that fail while under
guarantee. If he is willing to replace only 3% of the motor that fail, how long a
guarantee should he offer? Assume that the lives of the motors follow normal
distribution. 6.2U

b) In redesigning jet ejection seats to better accommodate woman as pilots, it is found

that women’s weights are normally distributed with a mean of 1U3 lb and a
standard deviation of 2V lb. If a woman is randomly selected

i) What is the probability that she weighs between 1U3 lb and 201 lb?
0.U772

ii) Find the weight separating the bottom 10% from the top V0% 10Z.YY

iii) Find the maximum and minimum weights which include in the middle
30% of the women weights. H^H. cj ] C ] 1ZU.31

iv) If a sample of 20 women is selected, find the probability that the mean of
the sample will be less than 1Z0 lb. 0.YZVV

SEMESTER II, 200U/200Z

a) The life expectancy of computer terminals is normally distributed with a mean of U

years and a standard deviation of 10 months.

i) What is the probability that a randomly selected terminal will last more
than Z years? 0.11Z1

ii) 6Y.VY%
What percentage of terminal will last between 2.Z and U.Z years?6Y.VY%

b) A mandatory competency test for medical school sophomores has a normal

distribution with a mean of U00 and a standard deviation of 100. The top 3% of
students receive RM1000. What is the minimum score you would need to receive
this award? ZYY

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 MATHEMATICS II (SHF 1124)

SEMESTER III, 2007/200Y

1. The diameters of ping pong balls manufactured by a large factory are distributed
normally with mean U.30 cm and standard deviation 0.0U cm.

a) Find the probability that a randomly selected ping pong ball will have a diameter
more than U.2Y cm? 0.6V1Z

b) Find the value of b such that 30% of the ping pong balls have diameter between
FU.30Œbb) cm and U.3U cm. b 5 0.00U

c) Find the probability that the mean diameter for a sample of 16 ping pong balls is
at most U.2Y cm. 0.022Y

2. A survey shows that 60% of the housewives have seen the advertisement of a new
product in televisions. The probability that a housewife who has seen the
advertisement buys the new product is 0.V while the probability that a housewife
has not seen the advertisement buys the new product is 0.3.

a) Find the probability that a housewife buys the new product. 0.06

b) Find the probability that a housewife who buys the new product has seen the
advertisement. 0.Y1Y2

c) Using appropriate approximation, find the probability exactly 3Z of Z0

housewives who buy the new product, have seen the advertisement. 0.01UZ

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 MATHEMATICS II (SHF 1124)

SEMESTER II, 2007/200Y

1. A lawyer commutes daily from his suburban home to his midtown office. The
average time for a one-way trip is 2U minutes, with a standard deviation of 3.Y
minutes. Assume the distribution of trip times is to be normally distributed.
a) What is the probability that a trip will take at least ½ hour? 0.0Z71

b) If the office opens at V.00 A.M. and he leaves his house at Y.UZ A.M. daily, what
percentage of the time is he late for work? VV.11%

c) If he leaves the house at Y.3Z A.M. and coffee is served at the office from Y.Z0 A.M.
until V.00 A.M., what the probability that he misses coffee? 0.3V7U

2. Flower jugs manufactured by a certain company are packed in boxes. A delivery van
can carry 3V of such boxes and there is a 1U.3% possibility that a box is rejected.
During a period of one year, the van will make 100 deliveries. The number of boxes
that will be rejected is recorded for each trip.

a) Using a suitable approximation, find the probability that the mean number of
rejected boxes per trip for the year is less than 6. 0.V732

b) Find the probability that at least 32 boxes in Z deliveries are rejected. 0.22V6

SEMESTER I, 2007/200Y

1. Kindergarten children have heights that are approximately normally distributed

about a mean of 3.2Z ft and a standard deviation of 2 inches.

a) If an individual kindergarten child is selected at random, what is the probability that

he or she has a height less than 3Y inches? 0.30YZ

b) A classroom of 30 of these children is used as a sample. What is the probability that

the mean height is between 3Y and U0 inches? 0.VV3Y

c) Find the nearest number of children selected at random, if the probability that the
mean height of the sample more than U0 inches is 0.0Z? n511

2. A dice is rolled 120 times. By using a normal approximate to Binomial distribution,

find the probability that

a) more than 30 times the number of sixes are obtained. 0.11Z1

b) at least 1Z times the number of sixes are obtained. 0.V11Z

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SEMESTER III, 2006/2007

1. a) In order to qualify for nurses’ training, the trainees are tested for competency
skills in handling patient. The scores are normally distributed, with mean of 62
and standard deviation of Y.

i) If there are 11Z trainees, find the number of trainees that scores less than
UZ. 1.V or 2

ii) If only the top 11.V% of trainees are selected, find the cutoff score. 71.UU

b) A vegetable farmer intends to market the sweet potato harvested from his farm to a
supermarket. The mass of the sweet potato is distributed normally with mean V7g
and standard deviation Zg. The supermarket will only accept sweet potato with a
mass of VZg to 10Zg.

Find the percentage of the sweet potato that is rejected by the supermarket. 3V.V%

2. According to a survey conducted by college students in Seremban, 36% of homes have a

telephone-answering device.
a) If a random sample of 12 homes is selected, what is the probability that exactly V
homes do not have a telephone-answering device? 0.1YUV

b) If there are 2Z0 homes selected at random, find the probability that more than V3
but fewer than 11Z have a telephone-answering device. 0.3227

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PAST YEARS FCHAPT Z & CHAPT 6)

SEMESTER 1, 2010/2011

QUESTION Y F10 marks)

a) The number of accidents per week at a certain intersection has a probability

distribution with mean equal to 2.Z. Find the probability that
i. exactly Z accidents will occur in a week 0.066Y
ii. more than 7 accidents will occur in U weeks 0.77VY [Z]

b) The probability of a person recovered from sunburn after applying a lotion is 0.2Z. A
group of 300 people who have sunburn are treated with lotion. By using an
appropriate approximation, calculate the probability that Z7 to Y0 people will
recover from sunburn. 0.760Z
0.760Z [Z]

QUESTION V F10 marks)

An orchard markets and sells fresh papayas. Papayas weighing less than UZ grams are
graded small FS), those weighing more than ZZ grams are graded large FL). The weight of a
papaya from a particular tree is normally distributed with a mean UV grams and standard
deviation Z grams. The papaya is later graded by the sizes: small FS), medium FM), large FL)
and extra large FXL).

a) Find the probability that the papayas are graded medium FM) 0.6730 [U]

b) Find the minimum weight of papayas of size XL if there is only 3.6% of this size is
available for sale. ZY grams [3]

c) If 10 papayas are randomly taken as a sample, what is the probability that the mean
of the weights are between UY grams and Z2 grams. 0.707 [3]

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QUESTION 10 F10 marks)

Analysis of records over 20 years reveals that Z% of the scholarship holders will break
their bonds before their term of service expires.

a) Find the probability that in a random sample of V scholarship holders, exactly 2 of

them will break their bonds. 0.062V [3]

b) A private firm awarded 60 scholarships in a particular year. Find, by using a suitable

approximation, the probability that at most U scholarship holders will break their
bonds. 0.Y1Z3 [3]

c) In the same year, the government awarded U00 scholarships. By using a suitable
approximation, find the probability that between 10 and 1Z scholarship holders will
break their bonds. 0.0YV2 [U]

SEMESTER II, 2010/2011

QUESTION 7 Fb)

Over a long period of time it has been observed that a given marksman can hit a target on a
single trial with a probability 0.Y. Suppose he fires four shots at the target. Find the
probability that he will hit the target

i. exactly two times? 0.1Z36 [2]

ii. at least once? 0.VVYU [2]

Determine the minimum number of shots needed in order to get the probability that he will
hit all the targets is less than 0.0Z? n51U [3]

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS Page 19

 MATHEMATICS II (SHF 1124)

QUESTION V F1Z marks)

The following table shows the diameters of the eggs produced in a farm which are graded
into grades A, B and C. Given the diameters of the eggs have a normal distribution with a
mean of 32 mm and standard deviation of U mm.

Grade A B C
Diameter, X Fmm) Xg3Z 30]XS3Z 2Z]XS30

i. If one egg is chosen at random, find the probability that it is of grade A 0.2266 [3]

ii. The number of grade B eggs is U6Z. Find the total number of eggs. 1000 [Z]

iii. Given U00 out of Z00 eggs has a diameter of more than p mm, find the value of p
2Y.6U [3]

iv. A sample of 200 eggs are selected. Find the limits within which the middle 60% of
the sampling distribution of sample means would fall. ^H. bc ] O u ] 32.2U [U]

QUESTION 10 FV marks)

Analysis of medical records at a hospital over a long period reveals that 1 out of 20 babies
born premature and hence requires special care. By using a suitable approximation, find
the probability that

i. out of Z0 babies born, at least U are premature 0.2U2U [U]

ii. out of 300 babies delivered in a month, between 10 and 21 babies inclusive are born
premature. 0.YYZ2 [Z]

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS Page 20