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Cubic Solution

This document summarizes Cardano's method for solving a cubic equation with real coefficients. It provides the steps to transform the original cubic equation into an equivalent depressed cubic equation, and then finds the three cube roots to solve for the roots of the original cubic equation. The worked example finds the three real roots of the cubic equation x^3 + (-25)x^2 + 118x - 170 = 0.

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Jayabalan R K
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70 views

Cubic Solution

This document summarizes Cardano's method for solving a cubic equation with real coefficients. It provides the steps to transform the original cubic equation into an equivalent depressed cubic equation, and then finds the three cube roots to solve for the roots of the original cubic equation. The worked example finds the three real roots of the cubic equation x^3 + (-25)x^2 + 118x - 170 = 0.

Uploaded by

Jayabalan R K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as XLS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solution of any cubic equation with real coefficients using Cardano's Method

Ax3+BX2+CX+D=0
Enter the coefficients below:
A= 2
B= -25
C= 118
D= -170

This yields x3+EX2+FX+G=0

E = B/A -12.5
F = C/A 59
G = D/A -85

The Depressed Cubic: y3 + by = c


x = y - E/3
b = F - E2/3 6.9166666667

c = FE/3 - 2E3/27 -G -16.1574074074

c2 + 4b3/27 310.0833333333

y3 + by = c
(Q + P)3 - 3QP(Q + P) = Q3 + P3
y=Q+P
P = -b/(3Q)
Q3 + P3 = c
Q6 - cQ3 - b3/27 = 0
Q3 = ( c + sqrt( c2 + 4b3/27) )/2 = Rexp(i*Phi)

R = abs((c + sqrt(c2 + 4b3/27))/2) if c2 + 4b3/27 > 0 0.7258879014

R = sqrt(-b3/27) if c2 + 4b3/27 < 0


Phi = 0, if c2 + 4b3/27 > 0 and c + sqrt(c2 + 4b3/27) > 0 0

Phi = PI, if c2 + 4b3/27 > 0 and c + sqrt(c2 + 4b3/27) < 0


cos(Phi) = c/(2R) if c2 + 4b3/27 < 0
Phi needs to be a First or Second Quadrant Angle consistent with a non negative imaginary part.
Solve for Q : The three cube roots

Q0 = R^(1/3)cos(Phi/3)+iR^(1/3)sin(Phi/3) 0.8987175 +i
Q1 = R^(1/3)cos((Phi+2PI)/3)+iR^(1/3)sin((Phi+2PI)/3) -0.4493587 +i
Q2 = R^(1/3)cos((Phi+4PI)/3)+iR^(1/3)sin((Phi+4PI)/3) -0.4493587 +i

P0 = -b/(3R^(1/3))( cos(Phi/3) - isin(Phi/3) ) -2.5653841 +i


P1 = -b/(3R^(1/3))( cos((Phi+2PI)/3) - isin((Phi+2PI)/3) ) 1.2826921 +i
P2 = -b/(3R^(1/3))( cos((Phi+4PI)/3) - isin((Phi+4PI)/3) ) 1.2826921 +i

y0 = Q0 + P0 -1.6666667 +i
y1 = Q1 + P1 0.8333333 +i
y2 = Q2 + P2 0.8333333 +i

x0 = y0 - E/3 2.5000000 +i
x1 = y1 - E/3 5.0000000 +i
x2 = y2 - E/3 5.0000000 +i

Check:
Ax03+BX02+CX0+D= 0.0000000 +i
Ax13+BX12+CX1+D= 0.0000000 +i
Ax23+BX22+CX2+D= 0.0000000 +i
dano's Method
0.0000000
0.7783122
-0.7783122

0.0000000
2.2216878
-2.2216878

0.0000000
3.0000000
-3.0000000

0.0000000
3.0000000
-3.0000000

0.0000000
0.0000000
0.0000000

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