SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN BANDAR RENGAM

JKR 1645, JALAN BESAR, 86300 KLUANG, JOHOR.

PREPARED BY:

PUAN MARINA BINTI MOHAMED FADZIL

GURU CEMERLANG BAHASA INGGERIS

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 Articles ‘a’ and ‘an’ are used with singular countable nouns.

‘A’ is used with words that begin with a consonant sound.

Eg: a unicorn

auniform

a unit

a university

a house a friend a car a Europran / Eurasian

‘An’ is used with words that begin with a vowel sound (a,e,i,o,u) and a silent ‘h’
Eg:
SILENT “h”

an hour

an heir

an honest boy

an honour
an aeroplane an hour an umbrella

‘The’ is a definite article. It is used:

 To refer to a particular thing or person
Eg: The baby is sleeping
 To refer to things which are only one of its kind.
Eg: The earth rotates on its own axis.
The sun rises in the east
 To refer to something mentioned earlier.
Eg: I have a dress. The dress is red.

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(A) Fill in the blanks with the correct articles.

1. Ahmad saw _____________ snake in __________ kitchen.

2. My father bought ____________ storybook from ___________ supermarket.

3. Harun is ____________ engineer. He works in ____________ factory.

4. ______________ is the highest mountain in ___________ world is Mount

Everest.

5. I went to ____________ cinema last week and saw __________ interesting film.

6. Please switch off ____________ fan when you leave ______________ room.

7. We went to ____________ Brunei during ____________ holidays.

8. __________ insect bit ____________ little girl on her arm.

9. “Does your father have ___________ car?” asked ___________ boy.

10. _________ man covered himself with __________ blanket last night because it

was cold.

11. ____________ apple she gave me was sweet. It was __________ expensive

one,too.

12. I’ll be with you in ____________ hour. Then we can go to __________ post

office.

13. Rozita is __________ prettiest girl in ___________ class.

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14. Did you see ___________ book by __________ television?

15. Mrs John bought her daughter __________ expensive watch for her birthday.

16. ____________ children are playing in ______________ garden.

17. Please keep ___________ purse in _____________ safe place.

18. There are _____________ two coconut trees outside ___________ building.

19. __________ textbook is __________best we have seen. You can buy it.

20. During __________ august holidays, I went to see ___________ friend in Alor

Setar.

21. We had to take _______ number of busses before we reached _______ hill.

22. It was _______ amazing story but ______ rather long one.

23. There is always ______ lot of traffic on ______ road at weekends.

24. There was ______ flight in front of ______ supermarket this morning.

25. Will you lend me ______ pen to write ______ letter please?

26. Last Sunday, I went to ______ cinema. There I met ______ old classmate.

27. ______ elephant is a mammal . ______ dog is also a mammal.

28. There was ______ fire at ______ shop in front of my house.

29. Encik Abu has sold ______ old house and bought ______ new one.

30. She is going to ______ shop to buy __________ kilo of sugar.

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(B) Choose the best answer to fill each blank.

1. ______ mango that Ali bought was sour.

A The B- CA D An

2. Last night, I went to ______ coffee shop. There I met ______ old lady.

Aa,a B the , the C the , an D an , an

3. There are about 70 types of plants and trees found in ______ Penang Botanical

Gardens.

A- B the Ca D an

4. If you go to ______ store, please buy me ______ sponge.

A the , the B an , the C a , the D the , a

5. I bought ______ orange from ______ shopkeeper.

A an , the Ba,a C the , an D a , an

6. Swee Lan wiped up ______ soup which she had spilt.

Aa B an C the D–

7. ______ best boy in that class is also ______ honest boy.

A The , a B A , an C The , an DA,a

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8. ______ water in ______ Pahang River is very dirty.

A - , the B The , a CA,a D The , -

9. ______ old man is trying to cross ______ river.

A A , the B An , the C The , an D An , an

10. Akmal goes to ______ Putrajaya bus station to take ______ bus.

A a , the B the , an C the, a D a , an

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 PERSONAL PRONOUNS
A Personal pronouns is a word which takes the place of a noun.
Eg:
woman She
man He
pupils They
cat it

 We use singular pronouns to replace singular nouns and plural pronouns to

replace plural nouns.

Singular Pronouns Plural Pronouns

I We
You You
He / She/ It They

 Personal Pronouns can be the subject or the object in a sentence. The object in
the sentence is the person or thing the subject does something to.

Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns Examples

I me I have a bicycle. This bicycle is
for me.
You you You are naughty. The one who is
naughty is you.
He / She / It him / her/ it She is not here yet. I have not
seen her.
We us We are having lunch. You can
join us.
They them They are washing the room. Do
not disturb them.

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 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

 Reflexive pronouns are formed when – self is added to my, your, him, her, it
and – selves to our, your and them.
 It means the action done by the subject turns back upon the subject.
Eg: He bought himself three shirts.

Subject Pronouns Reflexive Subject Pronouns Reflexive

(Singular) Pronouns (Plural) Pronouns
I myself We ourselves
You yourself You yourselves
He / She / It himself/ herself / They themselves
itself

RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Relative pronouns are used as pronouns to join two sentences together. They refer to
the nouns directly in front of them.
 We use ‘who’, ‘whom’, and ‘ whose’ for people.
Eg: 1 The man who is holding a broom is the sweeper.
2 The man whom you gave the broom is the sweeper.
3 The man whose broom is here is the sweeper.

 ‘which’ for animals and things

Eg: 1 The tiger which attacked the boy was caught this
morning.

 ‘that’ for people, animals and things

Eg: 1 The pen that you bought writes very well.

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 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

Possesive pronouns show ownership.

Eg: 1 This is my computer. It is mine.

2 That is your pencil case. It is yours.
3 This is our car. It is ours.
4 That is their puppy. It is theirs.
5 This is her purse. It is hers.
6 These are his books. They are his.
7 This is its tail. It is his.

(A) Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronouns.

1 Afrina has gone to the canteen. ______ will be back soon.

2 Looi Seng is my best friend. ______ likes to play basketball.

3 Haziq and Kamal always go fishing in the river. ______ caught a catfish
yesterday.

4 I have found your pen. ______ was lying under a chair.

5 Tomorrow is a holiday. ______ is Malaysia’s National Day.

6 ______ am feeling bored. Let’s go for a show.

7 ______ must finish your homework before watching television.

8 ______ have all gone to the field to play football.

9 ______ are not worried about our grandfather even though ______ is already
80 years old. ______ can take care of himself.

10 My parents said that when ______ were young, ______ had to tap rubber trees. Life was
hard and ______ did not have the chance to go to school.

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(B) Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the box. Some words can be
used more than once.

myself ourselves yourself Itself

yourselves themselves himself herself

1 The horse fell and hurt ___________________.

2 We caught the thief __________________ .

3 I have to finish this work _________________ .

4 The boys are quarrelling among __________________ .

5 Maria washed all the clothes by ______________ .

6 I told _____________ that I must work hard.

7 I warned Salleh, “You must look after _______________ .”

8 Badrul reminded _________________ to take his essay to school.

9 A cat is an animal which can look after _________________ .

10 The teacher told her pupils, “ You must help _________________ .”

(C) Rewrite the sentences by replacing the underlined words with the correct
possessive pronouns.

1 The books are Aina’s.

________________________________________________________________.

2 “Give it back to me. It is my pen.”

________________________________________________________________.

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3 We made the kite. It is yours and mine.

________________________________________________________________.

4 This is my dictionary. I can lend it to you.

________________________________________________________________.

5 Are these your shoes?

________________________________________________________________.

6 I have got my test results. Have you got your results?

________________________________________________________________.

7 You can’t take that blue umbrella. It is Shera’s.

________________________________________________________________.

8 Mr and Mrs Wong bought the house. It is Mr and Mrs Wong’s.

________________________________________________________________.

9 The cat does not belong to us. It is our neighbours’.

________________________________________________________________.

10 I have lost my pencil. Can I please borrow your book?

________________________________________________________________.

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(D) Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You can use each word more
than once.

who whose whom which that

1 That is the girl ______________ book was stolen.

2 She is the girl ____________ helped me.

3 The lady _____________ spoke to you is my aunt.

4 The bird ______________ we found is dead.

5 Here is the pencil ________________ I had lost.

6 The girl ______________ father is a soldier helped us.

7 The dog _____________ bit my sister has been shot.

8 The man to _____________ I gave the pen is our dentist.

9 That is the teacher to _______________ we must give the fees.

10 The lion ________________ we saw in the zoo is from Africa.

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Prepositions are used to show position, direction, time, etc.
Prepositions of Place or Position
(in, on, at, under, above, against, beside, behind, between)

Eg: He put his money in his pocket.

There is a pencil and an apple on the book.
Someone is at the door.
Hairul hid under the table.
The fan is above the chair.
Liza leaned against the wall.
Suzana walked beside her mother.
Rahman was chained between two pillars.

Prepositions of Direction
(to , over, from, along, across, around, up, down)

Eg: She has returned from town.

Jalil jumped over the fence.
They arrived from Australia yesterday.
They walked along the row of houses.
My brother is taking off his shirt.
They are running around the tree.

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Prepositions of Time
(in, on, at, for during, since, after, before )

Eg: Faizal was born in 1980.

The show is on Monday.
The train will leave at 8 p.m.
They went shopping after dinner.
The class began at three o’clock.
Marina has not written to me since January.

Prepositions are also used with certain:

verbs
Eg: agree to/ with believe in complain about/of
apply to/ for borrow from hope for
ask for/about compare with / to think about/ of

adjectives
Eg: angry with interested in scared of
ashamed of safe from tired of
aware of sorry for used to

Nouns
Eg: arrival at victim of a taste of/ for

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 (A) Fill in the blanks with the correct words given in the box.

under along by on between behind after across

at to during before around against above

1 They camped ____________ Mr John’s house.

2 I stood ____________ the window and watched them play.

3 The cat is sleeping __________ the bed.

4 She went to Korea ____________ her holidays.

5 Look ____________ you. Do you see a helicopter?

6 There are several rows of shops ____________ the highway.

7 Swim ____________ this river and you will find the treasure.

8 Afrina parked her bicycle ____________ a car and a lorry.

9 We will come to your house ____________ 8 o’clock tonight.

10 Don’t lean ____________ the wall. It has just been painted.

11 If you walk ____________ the house you will see that the compound is quite big.

12 Be careful. Don’t spill water ____________ the floor.

13 Please take off your shoes ____________ you come into the house.

14 Iman went over to Zikry’s house ____________ he had finished his work.

15 The girls went __________ a movie last night.

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(B) Circle the correct answers.

1 There is a mosque ____________ the community hall.

A on B over C from D beside

2 The policeman is walking ____________ the injured man.

A into B through C towards D above

3 The baby fell ____________ the bed yesterday.

A of B off C over D beside

4 In order to reach my house, you have to walk ___________ a tunnel.

A through B between C below D under

5 Smoking is ___________ the school rules.

A on B for C during D against

6 Never stand ____________ a tree during a thunderstorm.

A at B of C under D above

7 Please share these sweets __________ your friends.

A to B for C about D among

8 Adam likes to play ____________ the badminton court _____________ my

house.

A at , in B at , on C on , at D on , to

9 The old man walked slowly ____________ the stairs.

A down B before C among D against

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10 The boy paid 50 sen _____________ his drink and left hurriedly.

A by B for C with D off

11 We reached Brunei ___________ 4 p.m.

A in B at C to D along

12 The prisoner crawled ____________ the guards until he came ___________ a

gap in the fence.

A with , by B at , around C to , below D past , to

13 The athletes jumped ____________ the hurdles.

A up B into C over D between

14 Hawa puts ____________ a pair of socks before wearing her shoes.

A into B about C on D along

15 I was very surprised when the headmistress came ___________ the room.

A by B into C across D behind

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 (C) Complete the sentences using the phrases given to make meaningful
sentences.

under the chair across the field

over the high wall beside the museum
in the drawer with a pair of chopsticks
at about four o’clock during recess time
along the river in the evenings
after completing my studies from my house to the school

1 The little boy doesn’t know how to eat rice ______________________________.

2 She saw a mouse _____________________________________ and screamed.

3 We usually go jogging ______________________________________________.

4 The train will arrive at the station _____________________________________.

5 Walk ____________________________________ and you will find Pak Ali’s hut.

6 Do not talk during lessons. You can do so ______________________________.

7 The post office is situated ___________________________________________.

8 Look ______________________________________ and see if the ring is there.

9 The fox jumped _______________________________ to escape from the dogs.

10 The distance __________________________________ is about two kilometers.

11 I will get a job ____________________________________________________.

12 If we walk ________________________ we will reach the railway station faster.

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Conjunctions are words which join words, phrases or sentences together.

1 And is used to join two words, phrases or sentences.

Eg: Arif and Ina speak English. (words)

He washed his clothes and dried them on the fence. (phrases)

My father is an engineer and my mother is a housewife. ( sentences)

To join more than two words, use commas and and.

Eg: Please remove the chair, table and the bed from the room.

2 But is used to join together two ideas that are different in meaning.

Eg: She is young but very wise.

Suria is clever but playful.

3 Or is used when we have to choose between two things.

Eg: Do you want a piece of cake or some cookies?

She can take a taxi or bus.

4 So is used to show result.

Eg: She liked the dress so she bought it.

He scolded me so I refused to talk to him.

5 Because is used to show the cause or the reason.

Eg: The book is wet because he dropped it into the drain.

I cannot play today because I have a lot of work to do.

6 If is used to show condition

Eg: If you do tell the truth, you will be punished.

My father will give me fifty ringgit if I pass my examination.

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7 Therefore is used to show the result.
Eg: You have not completed your work therefore you can’t come with us.
The children are weak in Mathematics therefore they must attend extra
classes.
8 Although and even though show contrast.
Eg: Although Rama is short he can jump very high.
Eventhough she studied hard she failed the test.
9 Either…or is used to show a choice. It means one or the other.
Eg: I will buy either the hockey stick or the badminton racquet.
10 Neither….nor is used to show a choice. It means not one or the other. It joins
together negative ideas.
Eg: Neither Ali nor Kamal passed the test.
Neither my sister nor I was present yesterday.

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 (A) Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.

either….or therefore although because or

and neither…nor but if so

1 My brother ________________ I enjoy playing hockey.

2 _________________ Chee Keong _____________ Siti will be dancing. They

are both too young.

3 He must be on time __________________ he will be punished.

4 Gulia was still hungry __________________ he had eaten a lot of food.

5 They played in the house _____________________ of the rain.

6 Sita is intelligent _____________________ lazy.

7 The bottle was hot. ______________, he held it with a piece of cloth.

8 ____________ Ruku _______________ Serena will take part. Who do you

prefer?

9 I will play ______________ my father allows me to.

10 It was very cold _______________ she wore a sweater.

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(B) Choose the best answer to fill in each blank.

1 Ravi lost his money, _____________ he borrowed some from his friend.

A so B and C or D but

2 It was raining heavily _____________ we postponed the football match.

A if B therefore C but D because

3 She accepted the invitation ______________ she did not feel like going.

A unless B therefore C if D or

4 “Mr King has to work overtime ________ he’ll be late for dinner,” said his
secretary.

A or B because C therefore D but

5 she is very shy ___________ she is still new around here.

A or B so C as D and

6 _________ Fikri ________ Muaz must try to score a goal. If they don’t, we
will lose.

A Neither, or B Either , nor C Neither, nor D Either, or

7 Zaki could not speak to his friend ______________ the phone was out of
order.

A but B and C or D because

8 Maria: What did you get for your birthday, Joe?

Joe: A wrist watch __________ a bicycle.

A either B and C therefore D or

9 Hakim is talkative __________ his brother is quiet.

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 A and B but C so D because

10 ____________ Khadeeja was not feeling well, she still wanted to go to

school.

A If B Because C Although D Unless

(C) Join each pair of sentences using the conjunction given in brackets.

1 You will be fat. You eat too much. (if)

_______________________________________________________________

2 It is cold. It is wet. ( and )

_______________________________________________________________

3 He is in bed. He is sick. ( because )

_______________________________________________________________

4 Are these ants? Are these termites? ( or )

_______________________________________________________________

5 It is warm. You can switch on the air –conditioner. ( so )

_______________________________________________________________

6 The blue dress was torn. She wore the green one. ( so )

_______________________________________________________________

7 Wear a coat. You will be cold. ( or )

________________________________________________________________

8 You can wait. You can come back tomorrow. ( either…or )

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 ________________________________________________________________

9 He was hungry. He refused to eat. ( but )

________________________________________________________________

10 He is old. He is still strong. ( although )

________________________________________________________________

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A collective noun refer to a group of people, animals or things.

an anthology of poems a congregation of a library of books

worshippers

an army of soldiers/ ants a constellation of stars a litter of cubs, pups, kittens

a bale of cotton, wool a cortege of mourners a mob of gangsters

a band of musicians a crate of fruits a nest of rabbits, mice

a batch of bread a crew of sailors a pack of cards, rascals,

wolves

a bench of magistrates a crowd of spectators a party of friends

a board of directors a field of runners a plague of locusts

a bouquet of flowers a fleet of motorcars, ships a punnet of strawberries

a brood of chickens a flight of stairs, a quiver of arrows

aeroplanes, swallows

a bunch of grapes, bananas a flock of birds, sheep a school of whales,

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 dolphins

a bundle of rags a forest of trees a set of china, clubs, tools

a chest of drawers a gaggle of geese a shoal of fish

a choir of singers a gang of labourers, thives a stack of hay

a class of scholars, pupils a group of islands a staff of servants, teachers

a clump of trees a hail of fire a string of beads, pearls

a cluster of diamonds, stars a heap of stones a stud of horses

a clutch of eggs a hedge of bushes a suit of clothes

a collection of pictures, a herd of buffaloes, cattle, a suite of furniture, rooms

stamps elephants

a comb of bananas a horde of savages a swarm of bees

a company of actors a host of angels, sparrows a team of horses, oxen,

players

a tribe of natives a troop of monkeys, lions a troupe of dancers

a tuft of grass

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(A) Underline the correct words

1 My father bought a ( bouquet , group ) of flowers for my mother.

2 Sarimah has a ( group , collection ) of stamps.

3 We ate a ( brood , bunch ) of bananas.

4 A ( crew , pack ) of sailors got off the ship.

5 They ran up the ( flight , flock ) of steps.

6 The ( crate , heap ) of oranges weighs about ten kilograms.

7 There was a ( gang , crowd ) of people outside the cave.

8 I saw a ( row , fleet ) of ships at the harbor.

9 A ( flock , group ) of sheep is in the pen.

10 The little boy chased the ( gaggle , herd ) of geese away.

11 A (troop , gang ) of smugglers were caught by the police.

12 There is a ( pack, group ) of boys under the angsana tree.

13 Ikbal buried the ( heap , collection ) of rubbish.

14 A ( herd , brood ) of elephants damaged the oil palm estate.

15 There is a ( nest , litter ) of kittens in the box.

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 (B) Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box.

stars poems pupils dancers drawers

crockery steps roses musicians cars
singers shophouses wasps puppies stamps
ants cotton beads geese rags

1 An army of ___________________

2 A choir of ___________________

3 A litter of ___________________

4 A gaggle of ___________________

5 A bundle of ___________________

6 A set of ___________________

7 a troupe of _________________

8 A chest of _________________

9 An anthology of _________________

10 A class of _________________

11 A swarm of _________________

12 A row of _________________

13 A string of _________________

14 A fleet of _________________

15 A collection of _________________

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16 A flight of _________________

17 A bale of _________________

18 A cluster of _________________

19 A bouquet of _________________

20 A band of _________________

(C) Choose the correct answer to fill in the blank.

1 I bought my mother a ____________ of spectacles yesterday.

A bouquet B pair C packet D bunch

2 There is a ____________ of soldiers marching on the field.

A team B troop C school D flock

3 I was hungry so I opened a ____________ of sardines.

A pack B can C crate D chest

4 A ____________ of bees attacked the poor woodcutter.

A swarm B flock C team D herd

5 I need a ____________ of playing cards to do this trick.

A pack B collection C string D bundle

6 He has a ____________ of durian trees in his garden.

A herd B clump C bunch D flock

7 My teacher presented me with a ____________ of chocolate for being the

first in the class.

A bouquet B bar C dozen D bundle

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8 There are a few ____________ rice in the bowl.

A groups B grains C flights D gaggles

9 The carriage is pulled by a ____________ of horses.

A herd B stud C pack D flock

10 Last weekend a ____________ of boy scouts went camping. While they were
putting up their tents they saw a ____________ of wolves.

A troop , pack B gang , herd C crew , team D team , troop

11 My father has a ____________ of old coins in his coin album.

A swarm B clutch C collection D bar

12 One of the fishermen soon sighted a ____________ of fish.

A shoal B troop C brood D herd

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Countable nouns are nouns that can be counted.
Eg: spoons , clock , state , plant, deer

Uncountable nouns are nouns that cannot be counted.

Eg: salt, flour , petrol , coffee , dust , cotton , butter

Note:

many , several , a few Eg:

These words are used with countable There are many coins in the box.
nouns. Several people came today.
I have a few ringgit.

much , a little Eg:

These words are used with uncountable Too much salt is bad for health.
nouns. He sipped a little of the tea to taste it.

some , a lot of , plenty of Eg:

These words are used with both A lot of children play in this playground.
countable and uncountable nouns. We gave away plenty of old clothes.
She bought some pineapple.

any Eg:
This word is used in negative statements Do you have any antiques at home?

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and questions for both countable and Dis she have any food this morning?
uncountable nouns. There isn’t any milk in the bottle.

(A) Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box below. Some words can
be use more than once.

many several a few much

a little some a lot of

1 We must drink ________________ water every day.

2 How _______________ seconds are there in a minute?

3 She has _______________ white hair due to old age.

4 Hurry up! We don’t have _______________ time left.

5 Only _______________ of the passengers in the bus were hurt.

6 How _______________ days did you take to finish the work?

7 There is too _______________ sugar in my tea. It is too sweet.

8 He is not a very friendly person. He does not have ______________ friends.

9 _______________ houses were burnt down in a fire last night.

10 Can I have _______________ coffee or cocoa please?

11 _______________ of the boys were caught smoking in the school toilet.

12 There is a piece of cake and ______________ biscuits in the box.

13 You have lost ______________ weight since the last time I saw you.

14 How _______________ of you are going to the seaside?

15 The girls only have _______________ more minutes to finish the painting.

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16 There were only _________________ pupils in the library at that time.

17 Pak Ali has _____________ money. He is rich.

18 Don’t disturb her. She has _______________ work to do.

19 Jan said,” I would like to buy a papaya and _______________ oranges,

please.”

20 There aren’t ______________ young people in the village. Most of the

villagers are old folks.

(B) Underline the correct words.

1 Zaki waited for ( a few , a little ) minutes. Then he went home.

2 You have to add only ( a few , a little ) milk to the coffee.

3 Mrs Kim tries to save ( a few , a little ) ringgit every day.

4 The kitten add only ( a few , a little ) small piece of fish .

5 We need ( a few , a little ) oil for the old sewing machine.

6 He washed his face with ( a few , a little ) warm water.

7 You have only ( a few , a little ) more minutes to complete the work.

8 Yahya caught ( a few , a little ) grasshoppers to use as bait for fishing.

9 My sister mixed the flour ( a few , a little ) butter.

10 ( A few , A little ) birds ate the farmer’s crops.

11 Please add ( a few , a little ) more coconut milk to the curry.

12 They have ( a few , a little ) relatives in Vietnam.

13 How ( much , many ) does this pen cost?

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14 There was a fire last night ( much , many ) houses were burnt down .

15 There are ( many , a little ) seats, please do not rush.

16 We saw ( a lot of , much ) monkeys at the park.

17 Baljit Kaur made ( much , many ) paper flowers.

18 There are ( some , any ) hockey sticks in the storeroom.

19 We do not have ( some , any ) “L” size T- shirts.

20 My cat eats ( some , any ) raw meat every day.

21 Why aren’t ( some , any ) of you doing your homework?

22 We are looking for ( some , any ) small insects for our science project.

23 I cannot let you because you do not have ( some , any ) tickets.

24 There aren’t ( some, any ) flowers in the garden.

25 The rich man gave the orphan ( some , any ) food and money.

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Adverbs are words that tell us more about an action (verb).
Types of adverbs:
Adverbs of Manner
Eg:
(softly, quickly, angrily, etc)
To describe how action is done. (a) The sick man talked slowly.

(b) He examined the stamp carefully.

(c) Julia sang well in the concert.

Adverbs of Time Eg:

( after, before, already, now, (a) They had supper after the show.
since, seldom, soon, always, often )
(b) We will reach home soon.
To describe when an action happens.
(c) She has not eaten since last night.

Adverbs of Place Eg:

(here , there, everywhere, nowhere)
(a) We have to wait here.
To describe where an action is done
(b) They were staying there for two years.

(d) They arranged the chairs there.

NOTE:
Adverbs commonly used with certain verbs.
act quickly
answer correctly, clearly
ask nicely, humbly, politely
accept readily, gratefully

35
bark loudly, fiercely, joyfully
bleed badly, profusely
blow gently, strongly
bow humbly, respectfully
clap loudly, joyfully, excitedly
cry bitterly, sadly, softly, loudly
dance gracefully, beautifully
drive carefully, slowly, recklessly
eat hungrily, greedily
explain clearly, briefly
fight bravely, profusely
give generously, kindly, willingly
greet cheerfully, loudly, politely
laugh heartily, happily, loudly
listen attentively
look shyly, longingly, lovingly
pull hard
run fast, quickly
remember clearly
sing softly, sweetly
shout angrily, loudly, joyfully
sleep soundly, lightly
smile kindly, shyly, broadly
speak boastfully
wait patiently, anxiously
walk hurriedly, slowly, briskly
work slowly, willingly, hard
write neatly, beautifully

36
(A) Fill in the blanks with the most suitable adverbs from the box

bitterly after well there correctly

everywhere soon rudely loudly safely

1 John spoke _______________ to his parents.

2 The train will be arriving _______________.

3 Raju did not do ______________ in his examinations.

4 She looked _______________ but could not find the keys.

5 Zain answered all the questions _______________.

6 The old woman cried _______________ when she heard the news.

7 “Please do not talk _______________ in the library,” she said.

8 “Wash the dishes _______________ eating,” mother said to me.

9 “Please put the cupboard _______________ ,” she said pointing to the corner
of the room.

10 The plane landed _______________ at the airport in spite of the bad

weather.

37
 (B) Complete each sentence with a suitable adverb.

1 You must study _______________.

2 She sing _______________.

3 The teacher explained it _______________.

4 The dogs barked _______________.

5 She ran _______________.

6 The soldier fought _______________.

7 Lisa accepted the gift _______________.

8 All the pupils listened _______________.

9 Farhana works _______________.

10 Ain writes _______________.

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
Adverbs have three degrees of comparison:
The positive is used Eg:
 To describe one situation
He sings softly.
 To compare two equal or
We studied hard.
Similar situations
Jack sings as softly as John.

We studied as hard as everyone.

Eg:
The comparative is used to
Liya walks more slowly.

Syafiq38worked harder than them.

compare two situations that are
not equal.

The superlative is used to Eg:

compare three or more situations. She walks most slowly of all.

Adliena worked hardest of the three girls.

List of adverbs according to the degrees of comparison.

Positive Comparative Superlative

angrily more angrily most angrily
badly worst worst
beautifully more beautifully most beautifully
bravely more bravely most bravely
carefully more carefully most carefully
carelessly more carelessly most carelessly
clearly more clearly most clearly
close closer closest
differently more differently most differently
early earlier earliest
easily more easily most easily
far farther farthest
fast faster fastest
gently more gently most gently

39
gracefully more gracefully most gracefully
greedily more greedily most greedily
happily more happily most happily
hard harder hardest
late later latest
lazily more lazily most lazily
long longer longest
loudly more loudly most loudly
much more most
neatly more neatly most neatly
quickly more quickly most quickly
roughly more roughly most roughly
soon sooner soonest
slowly more slowly most slowly
sweetly more sweetly most sweetly
well better best

(A) Complete the sentences with the correct degree of comparison for the
adverb in brackets.

1 He wrote his answers _______________ ( clearly) on the answer sheet.

2 Mei Ling speaks English ______________ ( well) than her sister.

3 Aida spoke _______________ ( softly ) than Ammar.

4 There were six jumpers and Afiq jumped the _______________ ( high ).

5 Helmi was the ______________ ( fast ) runner in this race.

6 Afifah ate more than I did but Amirah ate the _______________ ( much ) of all.

7 Adha dressed _______________ (smartly ) than his brother.

8 We must leave as _______________ ( soon ) as possible.

40
9 He draws _______________ ( bad ) than Zairul.

10 Uncle Khairi drives ________________ ( carefully ) than Mr Fikry.

11 The fire is burning _______________ ( brightly ) than before.

12 You can stay here as _______________ ( long ) as you like.

13 The cat moved ______________ ( quietly ) than the dog.

14 The guests arrived _______________ ( early ) than we expected.

15 We walked _______________ ( slowly ) because we were early.

(B) Choose the correct answer to fill in each blank.

1 They cheered ______________ when they were watching the badminton

match.

A excitedly B hurriedly C sadly D quickly

2 The hare ran _______________ through the bushes.

A quietly B quickly C excitedly D gracefully

3 “ I want complete silence!” shouted the teacher ______________ at her

pupils.

A noisily B angrily C quickly D terribly

4 We lit up the bungalow _______________ and decorated it well.

A brightly B smartly C politely D clumsily

5 My cousin sang so _______________ that she won the singing competition.

A politely B terribly C sweetly D clumsily

41
6 Aidil is always busy. He _______________ seems to have the time to talk to
me.

A always B never C usually D often

7 Zisham screamed _______________ when the doctor gave him an injection.

A beautifully B quietly C slowly D loudly

8 It rained ______________ yesterday. Our school was flooded.

A loudly B heavily C roughly D strongly

9 Please talk ______________ . The baby is asleep.

A slowly B quickly C softly D politely

10 Iman _______________ forgot about his Mathematics test.

A completely B thoroughly C usually D soundly

42
Words similar in meaning.
abandon leave broad wide

abundant plenty burst explode

accuse blame catch capture
afraid frightened/ fearful
caution care
agree consent
cease stop
aid help
centre middle
allow permit
cheat trick
ancient old
check examine
answer reply
circular round
ask question/ request
clever intelligent
attempt try

avoid escape close near

bad evil clothes garments

beast animal collect gather

beat hit comprehend understand

beautiful lovely conceal hide

begin start contest competition
below underneath
correct right
big large
cost price
blank empty
cruel brutal
bloom flower
cunning sly
brave bold
damp wet
breeze wind
dawn day/ break
brief short
dear expensive
bright shining

bring fetch deceive cheat

zero nought
43
disease sickness/ illness look see

divide separate mad insane

dull boring many numerous

easy simple mend repair

merry happy
enemy foe
naughty mischievous
error mistake
nearly almost
event incident
neat tidy
extra additional
occupation job/ work
fall drop
occur happen
far distant
ordinary normal / usual
fast quick
own possess/ have
find discover
pick choose
forgive pardon
place put
gift present
pleasant nice
glad pleased polite courteous
govern rule port harbor
halt stop purpose aim

hard solid rescue save

harm hurt rich wealthy

high tall sad unhappy/ sorrowful

hot warm select choose

idle lazy stop halt

join connect/ unite story tale

stupid foolish
jump leap
talk speak
jungle forest
thin lean
learn study
top peak
leave go
total whole/ entire
like love
vacant empty
listen hear
weep cry
little small
writer author

44
 (A) Choose the words that have the same meaning as the underlined words in
the sentences. Then write them down in the brackets given.

nearly actual start courageous check numerous

lovely feeble connect caution talk mistakes

1 Do not speak too loudly in the library. ( )

2 Zakimah is a weak girl. ( )

3 I will begin with a story. ( )

4 Open the box with care. ( )

5 Join these two wires to turn on the light. ( )

6 “What a beautiful case!” she exclaimed. ( )

7 There have been many complaints from the residents in the area. ( )

8 The little boy almost fell into the drain. ( )

9 The real Mr Joe has been dead for two years. ( )

10 Examine your answers carefully before handing them up. ( )

11 Tan Chong is a brave boy. He saved a child from a fire. ( )

12 His essay was not very good. There were many spelling errors. ( )

(B) Circle the answer that has the same meaning as the word or sentences in
bold.

1 Leela loses her temper very easily.

A Leela cannot control herself very easily.

B Leela gets lost very easily.

C Leela gets angry very easily.

D Leela gets angry all the time.

45
2 She sings like a nightingale.

A She sounds like a bird.

B She has terrible voice.

C She likes to sing.

D She has a sweet voice.

3 The Chess Club plans to visit the National Library.

A declines B refuses C dislikes D intends

4 The thieves managed to escape before the policeman arrived.

A smugglers B burglars C guard D gang

5 When will the lesson begin?

A end B last C before D start

6 The scouts rescued the drowning girl.

A picked B saved C selected D found

7 They purchased those grapes from a hawker at Jalan Intan.

A sold B told C stole D bought

8 I watched Superman IV yesterday. Superman is really mighty.

A huge B proud C strong D big

46
Words opposite in meaning.

above X below broad X narrow

absent X present buy X sell

accept X reject/ refuse careful X careless
add X subtract
catch X throw
adult X child
cheap X expensive
after X before
clean X dirty
against X for
clever X stupid
ahead X behind
cloudy X clear
alive X dead
clumsy X graceful
all x none

always X never cold X hot

answer X question come X go

appear X vanish common X rare

arrive X depart/ leave coward X hero

ask X answer cruel X kind

awake X asleep cry X laugh
back X front
dangerous X safe
bad X good
dark X bright
beautiful X ugly
day X night
begin X end
dead X alive
better X worse
deep X shallow
black X white
defend X attack
blunt X sharp

bold X timid dim X bright

47
brave X cowardly divide X multiply
doctor X patient forgive X punish

down X up forward X backward

driver X passenger found X lost

dry X wet fresh X stale

early X late friendly X hostile

east X west full X empty

easy X difficult gain X lose

enemy X friend generous X selfish/ stingy

enough X insufficient gentle X rough

entrance X exit give X take/ receive

everybody X nobody happy X sad

everywhere X nowhere hard X soft

fail x pass/ succeed hate X love

fair X dark healthy X sickly

false X true heavy X light

familiar X strange here X there

famous X unknown hide X seek

far X near high X low

fast X slow honest X dishonest

fat X thin humble X proud

few X many ill X well

find X lose illness X health

finish X start import X export

first X last in X out

float X sink increase X decrease

follow X lead inhale X exhale

foolish X wise innocent X guilty

48
forget X lead inside X outside
 intelligent X stupid new X old

interesting X boring/ nice X nasty

dull
noisy X quiet
join X separate
north X south
joy X sorrow
odd X even
junior X senior
often X seldom
kind X cruel
open X close/ shut
late X early
past X future
lazy X
hardworking polite X rude

lead X follow poor X rich

pretty X ugly
least X most

lend X borrow proud X humble

length X breadth pull X push

less X more put X take

life X death quick X slow

little X much rare X common

raw X cooked
long X short

loud X soft remove X replace

love X hate right X left

male X female rise X fall

master X servant rude X polite

mend X break same X different

merry X sad short X tall/ long

shout X whisper
mix X separate

modern X ancient simple X difficult

sink X float
moving X stationary
sit X stand
natural X artificial 49

neat X untidy
 small X big/ huge top X bottom

spend X save truth X lie

start X stop ugly X beautiful

straight X crooked/ bent under X over

subtract X add vacant X occupied

success X failure war X peace

supply X demand warm X cool

sweet X bitter weak X strong

tail X head west X east

talk X listen wide X narrow

teach X learn win X lose

tender X tough work X rest / play

that X this wrong X right

these X those young X old

thick X thin yours X mine

tiny X huge

50
A. Choose a word that has the opposite meaning to each word in bold.

1 The boy jumped with joy when he was announced the winner of the essay-
writing competition.

A graceful B gladness C worry D sorrow

2 That is an enormous animal.

A tiny B huge C dangerous D fierce

3 That is a cheap vase, isn’t it?

A broken B common C costly D fine

4 The pupils don’t like Mary because she is proud. They like Shela because
she is __________________.

A humble B kind C arrogant D bad

5 She jumped over the low fence.

A under B below C above D through

6 The vessel sank during a bad storm.

A hid B stopped C floated D flooded

7 I cannot remember his name but I can never ____________ how we met.

A tell B show C forget D say

8 You can either eat it raw or _____________.

A hot b cooked C cold D alive

51
9 We must go early because we do not want to be _______ for the show.

A late B active C slow D alert

10 His house is situated on a high land.

A far B low C tall D long

11 We won the handball match. It was a great victory.

A success B happiness C fortunate D defeat

12 The flight from London will arrive at two o’clock.

A come B enter C land D depart

13 Mrs Samy has a loud voice but her husband has a __________ voice.

A heavy B clear C soft D week

14 My cough is getting worse.

A bad B better C good D well

15 She is present today but was _____________ yesterday.

A early B late C absent D came

52
1 Adjectives tells us more about a person, animal or thing ( nouns and pronouns)

Eg: (a) Salleh is a tall boy. ( tall tells us about Salleh )

(b) That thick book is very heavy. ( thick tells us about the book )

(c) Wild animals are kept in cages in the zoo. ( wild tells us about the

animals)

(d) Iman’s grandfather is busy. ( busy tells us about Iman’s grandfather )

2 We can also use adjectives to compare people, animals, places and things.
There are three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative.

* The positive form of the adjective is used when no comparison is made.

Eg: (a) She is a smart girl.

(b) He is a fast runner.

(c) The cat is a quiet animal.

 The positive form is also used when comparing two persons or things that are similar or
equal.

Eg: (a) We are as slow as the other group.

(b) She is as kind as her father.

(c) Tony is as hungry as his uncle.

53
 The comparative form is used when two unequal persons, places or things are compared.

 The comparative form of many adjectives is formed by adding –er to the adjective.

Eg: (a) He is older than my father.

(b) I am taller than my sister.

(c) They are younger than I am.

 The comparative form of some adjectives is formed by adding more to the adjective.

Eg: (a) The problem is more difficult than that.

(b) My story book is more interesting than yours.

(c) She is more hardworking than her brother.

 The superlative form is used when three or more persons, places or things are
compared.

 The superlative form of many adjectives is formed by adding –est to the adjective.

Eg: (a) This is the shortest way to the post office.

(b) The ‘Kancil’ is the smallest car in Malaysia.

(c) Khairi is the strongest boy in his class.

 The superlative form of some adjectives is formed by adding most to the adjective.

Eg: (a) Karmila is the most beautiful girl in my village.

(b) Chong is the most hardworking

54 boy.

(c) Chun Yap is the most disobedient pupil in class.

Note: The spelling of some adjectives changes completely when they are used in the
comparative and superlative degrees.

Adjectives in comparison:

Positive Comparative Superlative

bad worse worst
big bigger biggest
black blacker blackest
brave braver bravest
bright brighter brightest
busy busier busiest
cheap cheaper cheapest
clean cleaner cleanest
clever cleverer cleverest
clumsy clumsier clumsiest
cruel crueler cruelest
dark darker darkest
dirty dirtier dirtiest
early earlier earliest
easy easier easiest
far farther/further farthest/ furthest
fast faster fastest
fat fatter fattest
fierce fiercer fiercest
friendly friendlier friendliest
good better best
great greater greatest
hard harder hardest
happy happier happiest
heavy heavier heaviest
hot hotter hottest
kind kinder kindest
late later latest
light lighter lightest
long longer longest
naughty naughtier naughtiest
old older oldest
poor poorer poorest
proud prouder proudest
rich richer richest
sad sadder saddest

55
 sharp sharper sharpest
short shorter shortest
small smaller smallest
slow slower slowest
soft softer softest
strange stranger strangest
strong stronger strongest
tall taller tallest
thin thinner thinnest
quiet quieter quietest
ugly uglier ugliest
warm warmer warmest
weak weaker weakest
wise wiser wisest
young younger youngest

 “More” and “ most” are used with adjectives of two or more syllables.

Positive Comparative Superlative

active more active most active
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful
careful more careful most careful
colourful more colourful most colourful
confused more confused most confused
difficult more difficult most difficult
expensive more expensive most expensive
famous more famous most famous
fascinating more fascinating most fascinating
generous more generous most generous
graceful more graceful most graceful
handsome more handsome most handsome
hardworking more hardworking most hardworking
important more important most important
intelligent more intelligent most intelligent
interesting more interesting most interesting
popular more popular most popular
responsible more responsible most responsible

56
 With some adjectives, the Comparative and Superlative are different from the Positive.

Positive Comparative Superlative

bad worse worst
far farther farthest
good better best
little less least
many more most
much more most
old elder/ older eldest/ oldest

(A) Fill in the blanks with the words from the box.

worse heavy little most famous sharper

dirtiest smallest tallest most beautiful best
weaker better fastest fierce fat

1 Adam is a very skilful player. He is the ___________________ player in the team.

2 Afrina is very pretty. She is the _________________ woman in his room.

3 Pupils from the ______________________ classroom will be punished.

4 Hariz is ________________ in art than Khairi because he won the first prize.

5 Hawa is __________________ than Nurul in Mathematics.

6 He is the _________________ boy in the school.

7 My answers were ___________________ than Farhana’s answers.

8 He still eats a lot although he is already very __________________________.

9 This box is not light. It is _________________.

10 This knife is ___________________________ than that one.

57
11 P. Ramlee was the _____________________ Malay singer.

12 A ____________________ boy fell into the huge drain.

13 The lion is a ____________________ animal.

14 He wanted the _______________________ toy in the basket.

15 Zikry won the race because he was the ___________________________.

(B) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets.

1 Aqliya is _______________________ than Aida.

( slim , slimmer , slimmest )

2 The tomato soup is as _______________ as the soup my mother makes.

( tastier , tasty , tastiest )

3 Her results are _________________ than mine.

( good , better , best )

4 This van is ______________than the other van.

( small , smaller , smallest )

5 Is Mount Everest the ______________ mountain in the world?

( high , higher , highest )

6 It is not good to laugh at people who are _________________.

( far , fatter , fattest )

7 He is the _____________ man I have ever met.

58
 ( kind , kinder , kindest )

8 She is ____________ than I am.

( old , older , oldest )

9 Afifah is the ___________________ in this family.

( young , younger , youngest )

10 This bag is expensive but that one is even _______________________.

( expensive , more expensive , most expensive )

(C) Choose the correct answer to fill in each blank.

1 Jertih is __________________ town from the village. It is _______________ Setiu.

A the nearest, nearer B nearest , nearer than C the nearest , nearer than

2 Who is the __________________ boy in class?

A lazy B most laziest C laziest D lazier

3 My watch is _________________ yours.

A as new as B new C newer D as new

4 Winter is _____________ of the four seasons.

A cold B as cold as C the coldest D colder than

5 I’m feeling very _________________ , thank you.

A better B the best C well D best

6 Helmi can run _______________, so can Zisham but Ammar runs ____________ of
them all.

59
 A fastest, the faster B fast , faster C fast, the fastest

7 There are three cars in the showroom. The red car costs ______________ than the blue
one but the yellow car costs the __________________.

A a few, least B a little, most C less, little D less, least

8 Aleina is _____________ and the ______________ child in the family.

A the youngest, most obedient B young , more obedient

C younger, most obedient D the youngest, more obedient

9 Many people do not like my uncle because he is ___________.

A proud B proudly C more proud D as proud as

10 These noodles do not taste _____________ those sold by the hawker.

A best B better C good D as good as

60
NOTES:

Nouns can be singular or plural in number.

Eg:

Singular Plural
lamp lamps
foot feet
potato potatoes

Plural nouns are formed from singular and nouns in the following ways.

 by adding “ s “

Singular Plural
bananas bananas
shoe shoes
duck ducks

 by adding “es” to nouns that end in “s”, “ss”, “x”, “ch”,”sh” and “o”

Singular Plural
bus buses
class classes
box boxes
watch watches
bush bushes
buffalo buffaloes
tomato tomatoes

Exceptions:
radio radios
piano pianos

61
  by adding “ies” to nouns ending in “y”

Singular Plural
baby babies
lady ladies

Exceptions:
valley valleys
key keys
boy boys

 by adding “ves” to nouns ending in “f”

Singular Plural
calf calves
shelf shelves
loaf loaves

Exceptions:
dwarf dwarfs
hoof hoofs
roof roofs

 complete change

Singular Plural
child children
ox oxen
foot feet
tooth teeth
goose geese
man men
mouse mice

 without change

Singular Plural
deer deer
sheep sheep
clothing clothing
furniture furniture

62
 (A) Write the plural form for the following singular nouns.

1 tent ___________________ 2 dwarf _______________________

3 class ___________________ 4 lady _______________________

5 bus ___________________ 6 woman _______________________

7 match ___________________ 8 niece _______________________

9 mouse ___________________ 10 life _______________________

11 thief ___________________ 12 clothing _______________________

( B) Fill in each blank with the correct word from the brackets.

1 The shop sells ____________________( watches , watch )

2 This is a cow but those are ____________________( buffaloes , buffalo )

3 I hurt my ___________________ when a thick book fell on it. ( feet , foot )

4 She used up a ____________________ of tissue. ( box , boxes )

5 Mr and Mrs Chong have two __________________;a son and a daughter. ( child ,
children )

6 One of Pak Rahman’s __________________was stolen last night. ( goose , geese )

7 Mr Tan complained that the ____________________ of his house was leaking. (roof
, roofs)

8 Kevin scored top _________________ in the final examination. ( mark , marks )

9 She bought two _________________ of bread on her way home. ( loaf , loaves )

10 “Don’t play with ________________ or you may burn down the house.” (match ,
matches)

63
The following words are used to ask questions.

1 Who, whom, whose are used for people.

Eg: (a) To whom must I send this letter?

(b) Who won the first prize in the contest?
(c) Whose book was found in the dustbin?

2 What and which are used for people and things.

Eg: (a) What is she doing there

(b) Which chair is broken?
(c) What were the cats playing with?

3 Why is used to ask for reasons.

Eg: (a) Why did Zairul cry?

(b) Why does she like to sleep in the afternoon?

4 How is used to ask the way in which something is done. It can also be used to ask
about amount and number.

Eg: (a) How do you make a kite?

(b) How much water does she need?
(c) How many people will be here tomorrow?

64
 5 Where is used to ask about places.

Eg: (a) Where are they meeting?

(b) Where is the game going to be held?

6 When is used to ask about time.

Eg: (a) When do the school holidays start?

(b) When will your father come?

(A) Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. You can use some words more than
once.

who which what where why

when how whom whose

1 __________ are they laughing?

2 __________ do you tie a knot?

3 With __________ did you come?

4 __________ is going to help me?

5 __________ son won the race?

6 __________ does the show begin?

7 __________ is the highest building?

8 __________ are the children doing there?

65
9 __________ flowers are the most beautiful?

10 __________ will the concert be held? Is it at the school hall?

(B) Read the following responses and form suitable questions for them using “What”,
“When”. “Where” , “Why” , “Who” , “Which” , “Whose” , or “How”.

1 She goes to school by bus.

________________________________________________________________________

2 I can start work immediately.

________________________________________________________________________

3 The time is now half past twelve.

________________________________________________________________________

4 The cheetah is the fastest animal on land.

________________________________________________________________________

5 Mr Siva was driving the car.

________________________________________________________________________

6 The clinic is situated next to the pharmacy.

________________________________________________________________________

7 I will be wearing the blue shirt.

________________________________________________________________________

8 Rohaizat ate all the ice cream.

________________________________________________________________________

66
9 We are going to see a show tonight.

________________________________________________________________________

10 I borrowed Nurin’s bicycle.

________________________________________________________________________

11 The dog is barking because there is a stranger at the gate.

________________________________________________________________________

12 The doctor will be here in half an hour’s time.

________________________________________________________________________

67
The simple present tense is used to state:

 habitual action Eg: a) I wake up at 7 a.m. every day.

b) She usually goes to the library every Saturday.

c) They sleep late every night.

d) He always works late on Mondays.

 a fact or universal truth Eg: a)He is a kind person.

b) She lives in a big bungalow.

c) The sun rises in the east.

d) Frogs eat insects.

NOTE:

1 For the simple present form, always add an “s” to the verb when the subject is
singular, except for “I” and “you”.

Examples:
He
She comes
It

I home early every day.

You come
We
They

68
 2 The table shows how am, is, and are are used in the simple present tense.

 am is used with I

 is is used with a singular subject.

 are is used with a plural subject, except for “you”.

Examples:
I am
He is
She
Mary ready to go.
You are
We
They

3 Have and has are used to show possession, in the simple present tense:

 has is used with a singular subject.

 have is used with a plural subject except for “I” and “you”.

Examples:
He
She
Mary has
Everyone
Each of them
I a hobby.
You
We have
They
Peter and Jane
All of them

(A) Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense form of the words given in brackets.

1 She ____________ at a Chinese restaurant. (work)

2 I _____________ music classes on Saturdays. (attend)

69
3 Taufiq ____________ a glass of milk every night. (drink)

4 The boys often ____________ too loudly in the library. ( talk)

5 My mother always ____________ me with my homework. (help)

6 We usually ____________ around 10 o’clock at night. ( sleep)

7 Farhana ____________ to parties whenever she gets the chance. (go)

8 Amirah ____________ on the piano every day. ( practice )

9 Hariz ____________ his grandparents in Johor once a month. (visit)

10 Adha ____________ groceries from the supermarket. (buy)

(B) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words in brackets.

Bear ____________ (be) dangerous animals. They may look cute and silly but
they ____________ (be) actually fierce and wild. Bears ____________( be) flesh- eating
mammals. They also ____________ ( eat) variety of roots and fruits. Bears
____________ (love) honey. They _____________ (have) a thick coat which (be) either
brown or black in colour. The polar bear ____________ (have) a heavy white coat to
protect it from the cold. Although polar bears may appear to be large and heavy, they
can ran rather faster. Polar bears ____________ (live ) in caves and ____________
(feed) on fish and seals.

70
(C) Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.

1 Fikri ____________ a hardworking boy.

A are B is C were D am

2 My grandfather ____________ a walk early in the morning every Sunday.

A takes B takingC took D take

3 The children ____________ hockey every evening.

A plays B played C playing D play

4 Do they ____________ any magazines to read?

A has B having C have D had

5 The pipe ____________ leaking yesterday.

A is B were C are D was

6 Does she ____________ her clothes every day?

A washes B washing C washed D wash

7 He will not ___________ today because he is sick.

A come B comes C coming D came

71
8 She ____________ many dresses in the cupboard.

A has B have C had D having

9 Syafiq can ____________ as fast as a horse.

A runs B running C run D ran

10 My mother ____________ the rubbish into the bin.

A throw B threw C throwing D throw

72
The present continuous tense is used:

 To show an action that is going on at the moment of speaking.

Eg:

He is working at the moment.

She is bathing now.

They are exercising now.

Look! The dog is eating a lizard.

 To show a continuous action happening now but not necessarily at the moment.

Eg:

We are taking karate lessons.

I am still reading the story book.

They are studying for their exams.

73
(A) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in brackets.

1 Afifah is in her room. She ________________ . (study )

2 The boys are in Australia. They _______________ their holidays with their uncle in
Perth. (spend)

3 My neighbours moved out last week. They ________________ in Taman Maluri

now. (stay)

4 Intan loves to read. She ______________ now _______________ “The Naughty

Monitor”. (read)

5 Everyone is in the living room. They _____________ television. (watch)

6 Look at Aidil and Afiq. It’s almost noon and they _______________ still
_______________. (sleep)

7 Rohaizat cannot come to the phone right now. He _______________. (bathe)

8 What _____________ she ______________ at the moment? (do)

9 Listen! Someone ______________ on the door. (knock)

10 Look over there. The boys _______________ butterflies. (catch)

74
(B) Rewrite the following sentences in the present continuous tense.

1 Mulan runs very fast.

____________________________________________________________________

2 They wait for the bus.

____________________________________________________________________

3 The cobbler mends my shoes.

____________________________________________________________________

4 Fazreenatul cleans her room.

____________________________________________________________________

5 Aqilah and Natasha learn French from a private tutor.

____________________________________________________________________

6 I eat toast with jam and butter.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Firdaus rides his bicycle to school.

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Taufiq helps his father in the shop.

_____________________________________________________________________

9 Mrs Chandra knits and listens to the radio.

_____________________________________________________________________

75
10 Aida makes sandwiches while Iman mixes the drinks.

_____________________________________________________________________

(C) Choose the best answer to fill in each blank.

1 “Look! The thief __________ away,” said the policeman.

A was getting B were getting C is getting D are getting

2 The laziest boy in the class _________ by the headmaster.

A was scolded B were scolded C is scolding D was scolding

3 She __________ to the airport now.

A drive B is driving C are driving D was driving

4 The girls __________ at the school field.

A practice B are practicing C were practicing D practices

5 Miss Wong __________ the letter to Miss Kumar.

A is delivering B are delivering C delivers D deliver

76
The simple past tense is used to show an action that happened in the past ( at a known or
unknown time)

Eg:

Mother baked a cake just now.

We watched the film last night.

He slipped and fell on the wet floor.

NOTE:

1 The simple past tense of verbs can be formed by:

 Adding “ed” to the verb

Eg:

walk- walked open- opened jump- jumped

talk- talked show- showed shout- shouted

 Adding “d” to the words ending in “e”

Eg:

love- loved bake- baked like- liked

live- lived lie- lied smoke- smoked

77
 * Changing “y” to “I” before adding “ed” to words ending in “y”, except when the “y”
follows a vowel.

Eg:

carry- carried try- tried say- said

bury- buried fry- fried pay- paid

 Changing the spelling

Eg:

fight- fought run- ran buy- bought

sing- sang eat- ate fly- flew

bite- bit drink- drank break- broke

 Not changing the spelling at all

Eg:

cut- cut beat- beat put- put

hit- hit hurt-hurt set- set

2 The table shows when to use was and were:

Examples:
I
He
She was happy.
It

78
  Were is used with a plural subject, except for “you”

Examples:

You
We were happy.
They

(A) Give the simple past tense form of the following words.

79
1. Ask 11. Catch
2. Enter 12. Throw
3. Win 13. Bring
4. Drive 14. Fly
5. Draw 15. Blow
6. Write 16. Skip
7. Paint 17. Cry
8. Swim 18. Laugh
9. Cook 19. Hide
10. Wash 20. Push

(B) Rewrite the following sentences in the correct tense using the words given in brackets.

1 I post the letter. (just now)

_____________________________________________________________________

2 Aiman works in a shoe factory. (two years ago)

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Rahman walks to school. (last Friday)

_____________________________________________________________________

4 Wendy gets many presents. (last Christmas)

_____________________________________________________________________

5 We are so tired and hungry. (after the show)

_____________________________________________________________________

6 Selvi, Rani and Lisa are at the party. (last night)

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Our grandparents visit us. (last week)

_____________________________________________________________________

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 8 She screams because she sees a mouse. (just now)

_____________________________________________________________________

9 I prepare lunch for my family. (yesterday)

_____________________________________________________________________

10 He is late so he misses the bus. (that day)

_____________________________________________________________________

(C) Use the correct form of the words in the brackets to complete the passage below.

Long ago, near a pond in a park, there ____________(is) a kind tree called Willow. One

night, Willow ____________(see) the moon’s reflection in the pond. He ___________ (think)

that the moon had fallen from the sky and was drowning. Willow ____________( jump) into the

pond to save the moon, but the reflection only ____________ (breaks) into pieces. Willow

_________ (is) very sad as he thought that he had destroyed the moon. He ___________

(begin) to cry until he _____________( fall) asleep. When Willow woke up, he

____________(see) the moon up in the sky again. He was overjoyed. To make sure that the

moon did not fall into the pond again, Willow ____________ (decide) that he would always live

by the pond and watch over it every night.

81
The past continuous tense is used :

 To show a continuous that happened at some specified or unspecified time in the past.

Eg:

I was listening to the radio just now.

Jim was watching television a few minutes ago.

He was working from seven to eleven last night.

 To show two actions that happened at the same time.

Eg:

While I was bathing, the telephone rang.

Mother was making lunch when we left the house.

Ali was bathing while Aziz was washing the car.

82
A) Rewrite the following sentences in the past continuous tense.

1 The little girl always cries.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 They sang and danced all night.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Julia listened to the radio and did her homework.

_____________________________________________________________________

4 He talked and ate at the same time.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 Mr Woo plays golf.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 She practised on her violin daily.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Bella studied hard for her final examination.

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Everyone had a great time in Pulau Pangkor.

_____________________________________________________________________

9 Puan Siti washed the dirty clothes.

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 _____________________________________________________________________

10 The children played on the beach.

_____________________________________________________________________

(A) Choose the correct answer from the words given in the brackets.

1 I was afraid as it _____________ (got , was getting ) dark.

2 He ________________ ( is living , was living ) in London a year ago.

3 They ________________ ( are working , were working) from nine to five yesterday.

4 She called while we _________________ (have, were having ) dinner.

5 The naughty boy _____________ always ______________ ( was…thinking, were …

thinking) of new tricks.

6 I _______________ ( walked, was walking ) home from school when I met her.

7 It _______________ (was raining , rained ) when I left the house this morning.

8 Puan Noraini ________________ (was teaching , is teaching ) when Rahimah walked

into the classroom.

84
The simple future tense shows on action that will take place in the future.

Eg:

We shall go to Johor tomorrow.

He will retire early.

Vicky will do her homework afterwards.

NOTE:

The use of shall and will:

 Shall is used with “I” or “we” to show a future action.

Examples:

I shall/will
We

You sleep soon.

He
She will
They
It

85
(A) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets.

1 My grandparents ______________ us next month. ( visit )

2 Azila ______________ us when she reaches home. ( call )

3 He ______________ us how to make a kite next week. ( teach )

4 She _______________ her homework in half an hour. ( finish )

5 Mrs yap _______________ the letter tomorrow morning. (post )

6 Puan Yusliha _______________ her children home later. ( take )

7 Mother ________________ Maslia to school afterwards. (drive )

8 I ________________ the photographs tomorrow. ( bring )

9 The bus _______________ in an hour’s time. ( leave )

10 Hurry up, Zita! The bell _______________ soon. ( ring )

(B) Fill in the blanks with the correct answers.

1 She ______________ angry if you lie to her. ( be , is )

2 Juliza _______________ for you at the cinema. ( will wait , shall wait )

3 It _______________ soon. ( will rain , shall rain )

86
4 Everyone ________________ the meeting tomorrow. ( will attend , attended )

5 Daniel ______________ to the headmaster about the matter when he returns.

( will speak , shall speak )

6 Either John or Maria _______________ the piano at the concert tomorrow. ( will
play , was playing )

7 We _______________ again next Monday and continue our discussion. ( meet, shall
meet )

8 The girls _______________ their new dresses to the party tomorrow. ( will wear ,
wore )

9 All of us _______________ to read at least one story book a month. ( will try , trying)

10 The students ______________ their examination results next week. ( will get , got )

(C) Choose the best answer to fill in each blank.

1 My father ________________ to Kuala Lumpur if it doesn’t rain.

A go B will go C goes D went

2 He will not ______________ today because he is sick.

A come B comes C coming D came

3 Everybody should ______________ to the Welfare Department.

A donates B donating C donation D donate

4 She will ______________ the parcel tomorrow.

A send B sending C sends D is sending

87
5 “I think it _____________ tonight,” said Mr Tham.

A is raining B will rain C raining D rained

6 She ______________ is an apartment if she has enough money.

A lives B will live C was living D live

The future continuous tense is used to show a continuous action that will take place at a
certain time in the future.

Eg:

Alicia will be singing at the concert next Friday.

I shall be waiting at the airport tonight.

We will be meeting him tomorrow.

(A) Rewrite the following sentences in the future continuous tense.

1 I shall wait for him.

_____________________________________________________________________

2 My cousins visit me quite often.

_____________________________________________________________________

3 Cik Azizah will teach us English.

_____________________________________________________________________

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4 We shall eat ice cream afterwards.

_____________________________________________________________________

5 He will help Uncle Johan to wash the car.

_____________________________________________________________________

6 I will see him tonight.

_____________________________________________________________________

7 Bakri will keep all the money.

_____________________________________________________________________

8 Tina will study in the same school.

_____________________________________________________________________

(B) Underline the correct words given in brackets.

1 This time tomorrow we ( will sit , will be sitting ) in a plane.

2 Velvet ( will be studying , study ) there for next two years.

3 Hock Leng ( will be taking , were taking ) a computer course during the holidays.

4 She ( will be celebrating , celebrate ) her thirteenth birthday soon.

5 Mother ( will be driving , was driving ) the car to the market tomorrow.

6 I ( will be sleeping , will sleep ) by the time father gets home from work tonight.

7 Hariz ( will be learning , learn ) how to drive soon.

8 The boys ( will be playing , play ) in the field afterwards.

9 She ( will be staying , stayed ) at her uncle’s house in Taiping next month.

89
 10 They ( be working , will be working ) from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. tomorrow.

11 You ( will be going , go ) to the market tomorrow morning.

12 She ( will be wearing , wearing ) the blue dress for the dinner tonight.

1 The perfect tense shows an action that has already taken place, but we do not know
the exact time it took place.

I have gone
haven’t eaten it
seen it
taken it
He has blown it already.
She hasn’t completed it yet.
It thought about it
slept
caught it
You have sang it
We haven’t
They

‘Yet’ is used with ‘hasn’t’ or ‘haven’t’. ‘Already’, ‘never’, ‘ever’ and ‘before’ are used with ‘has’
or ‘have’.

Examples: I have never been to Thailand.

She hasn’t done her work yet.

90
 2 The present perfect continuous tense shows an action which started in the past and
still happening.

I have been going

haven’t been eating it
seeing it yesterday.
taking it just now.
He has been blowing it since two days.
She hasn’t been completing it for
It thinking about it
sleeping
catching it
You have been singing it
We haven’t been
They

‘Since’, ‘for’, ‘ever’, ‘never’, etc are used with the present perfect continuous tense.

Examples: You haven’t been sleeping well for sometime.

We have been talking since lunch.

91
(A) Underline the correct words.

1 Rita has just ( told , telling ) us the good news.

2 A few pupils ( has , have ) broken the school rules.

3 Rozita has ( come , came ) to my house many times before.

4 Has Sarina ( injured , injuring ) herself?

5 They ( has , have ) beaten us at chess a couple of times before.

6 Azlita hasn’t ( corrected , correction ) her mistakes yet.

7 All the members ( has , have ) decided to cancel the trip.

8 He ( has, have ) promised to take me to the circus.

9 Do not disturb the hen. It ( hasn’t , haven’t ) laid any eggs yet.

10 Has your sister ever ( drove , driven ) alone to Pulau Pinang?

11 Her friends have never ( spoke , spoken ) to me politely.

12 What have you ( done , doing ) to my plants?

13 Shira should ( has , have ) listened to her parents’ advice.

14 Have they (noticed, noticing ) the change in you?

15 His parents have already ( sees , seen ) her report card.

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(B) Change the words in the brackets to the correct tense to fill in the blanks.

1 The fire ________________ ( burn ) since dawn.

2 _______________ you _________________ (complete) the project?

3 We _______________ (plant) sugarcane ever since we bought the farm.

4 The bell _______________ (ring ) . It’s time to go home.

5 Maimunah _______________ (play) the violin since she was five.

6 They _______________ (not ) ________________ (solve) the problem yet.

7 The firemen _______________ (put) out the fire.

8 I _______________ (send) back the rotten eggs.

9 The tailor _______________ (sew) my shirt since this afternoon.

10 The train from Singapore _______________ just ______________ (arrive)

93
accountant One who keeps and checks business accounts
acrobat One who does daring gymnastic stunts
administrator One who controls and directs the affairs of a business
apprentice One who learns a trade while working for someone
archaeologist One who studies historical remains
architect One who plans buildings and make sure they are built properly
artist One who produces works of art like drawings and paintings
astrologer One who foretells things by the stars
astronomer One who studies the stars
auctioneer One who sells things by auction
author One who writes books
baker One who bakes and sells bread and cakes
banker One who runs a bank
barber One who cuts men’s hair
blacksmith One who makes things out of iron
butcher One who slaughters animals and sells the meat
caddie One who carries clubs for a golf player
caretaker One who is employed to look after a school or public building
carpenter One who does woodwork
cashier One who receives and pays out money in a bank, shop, etc
charwoman One who does the cleaning of shops, offices and houses
chauffeur One who is employed to drive a car for someone
chef The head male cook in a hotel or restaurant
clerk One who is employed in an office to file records, keep records, etc
coastguard One who watches the coast and prevents unlawful activities at sea
cobbler One who mend shoes
comedian One who tells jokes or does amusing things to make people laugh
composer One who writes music
confectioner One who makes and sells cakes, pastries, sweets, etc
contractor One who agrees to work or provide materials for a certain price
curator One who takes charge of a museum or an art gallery
cutler One who makes, sells and repairs knives and other cutting tools

94
dentist One who checks people’s teeth
detective One who finds out information about criminals
doctor One who treats sick people
draper One who deals in cloth and cloth goods
draughtsman One who prepares plans and drawings of buildings
editor One who edits or takes charge of a magazine, newspaper or book
electrician One who sets up, controls and repairs electrical apparatus
engineer One who plans and builds roads, bridges, machines, etc
farmer One who owns or manages a farm
fishmonger One who sells fish
florist One who sells flowers
foreman One who supervises a group of workers
fruiterer One who sells fruit
geologist One who studies rocks and soils
grocer One who sells provisions like sugar, coffee, etc
groom One who takes care of horses
hairdresser One who cuts and sets hair
hawker One who sells goods in the street
herbalist One who grows or sells herbs
inventor One who creates or designs new things
invigilator One who watches over pupils in an examination
ironmonger One who deals in iron and other metal goods
jeweller One who deals in jewels
jockey One who rides a horse in horse races
journalist One who writes for newspapers and magazines
judge One who hears and decides cases in court
lawyer One who gives advice in matters concerning the law
librarian One who is in charge of a library
locksmith One who makes and mends locks
manager One who directs and controls a business, or other activity
matron One who manages the nursing staff of a hospital
mechanic One who repairs machines and engines
miner One who work in a mine
navigator One who directs the course of a vessel on the sea or in the air
newsagent One who sells newspapers for the publisher
novelist One who writes novel
nurse One who takes care of sick or injured people in a hospital
optician One who tests eyesight and sells spectacles
peddler One who goes from house to house trying to sell things
peon One who does odd jobs and runs errands in an office
pharmacist One who compounds and sells drugs
photographer One who takes pictures with a camera

95
pilot One who guides a ship or flies an aeroplane
plumber One who fits and repairs water pipes, bathroom apparatus, etc
poet One who writes poems
Police officer A member of the police force
porter One who carries luggage at the railway station
postman One who delivers letters
potter One who makes pottery (pots, cups, etc)
poulterer One whom sells poultry ( hens, ducks, etc)
referee One who is a judge in a game
reporter One who gathers news for a newspaper
sailor One who works on a ship
salesman One who sells things in a shop or from door to door
scavenger One who searches for useable objects among rubbish
scientist One who knows much about the natural sciences
sculptor One who produces art works in stone, wood, clay, metal, etc
seamstress One who sews clothes for others for a fee
secretary One who keeps records, arranges meetings, etc for someone
shepherd One who looks after sheep in the fields
shipwright One who builds and repairs ships
soldier A member of an army
stationer One who deals in writing materials, paper, pens, etc
stenographer One who records or writes in shorthand
stevedore One who loads and unloads ships
steward One who attends to the needs of passengers in a ship or airplane
surgeon A doctor who performs operations
surveyor One who surveys lands
tailor One who cuts and makes clothes
tinker One who mends pots, pans, etc
tobacconist One who guides tourists to various places of interest
Tourist guide One who guides tourists to various places of interest
trader One who buys and sells goods
undertaker One who manages funerals
usher One who treats the diseases of animals
waiter One who serves at tables in a restaurant

96
(A) Match the following people with the work they do

1. veterinarian repairs machines and engines

2. dentist mends shoes
3. jockey checks and treats people’s teeth
4. hawker writes for newspapers and magazines
5. journalist gives advice on matters of the law
6. optician treats the diseases of animals
7. cobbler sells goods in the street
8. detective tests eyesight and sells spectacles
9. lawyer rides horses in horse races
10. mechanic finds out information about criminals

(B) Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the box.

fishmonger doctor authoress singer chauffeur

butcher soldier usher chef stewardess

1 Mr Hong works as a __________________. He slaughter animals and sells the meat.

2 A woman who writes books and novels is known as an ________________________.

3 A __________________ has a difficult job in treating his patients.

4 The ___________________ showed the boys to their seats in the cinema.

5 Ah Tan sells fish in the market. He is called a _____________________.

6 Puan Rahimah employs a _____________________ to drive her car.

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 7 Encik Zahar is a _______________. It is his duty to protect his country from enemies.

8 The _______________ helped me to my seat while I was in the aeroplane.

9 Christoper works as a __________________ in a restaurant. He specializes in Fresh

food.

10 Sheila Majid is a well-known __________________ in Malaysia. She sang at the

concert.

Abattoir A place where animals are slaughtered

Apiary A place where bees are kept
Aquarium A place where fish are kept for display
Archives A place for storing historical documents and public records
Arsenal A place where weapons and ammunition are made or stored
Auditorium A large hall where an audience gathers for meetings, lectures or concerts
Aviary A place where birds are kept
Bakery A place where bread and cakes are made
Barracks A place where soldiers live
Brewery A place where beer is made
Café A small restaurant where food and drinks are sold
Cafeteria A restaurant where people serve themselves
Cannery A place where food is canned
Canteen A place in a school or factory where meals are sold
Cemetery A place where the dead are buried
Church A place where Christians go to worship
Cinema A place where films are shown
Clinic A place where a doctor receives and treats his patients
College A school for higher learning
Confectionery A place where sweets and cakes are sold
Court A place where law cases are heard
Crèche A place where children are looked after while their parents work
Crematorium A building where bodies of dead people are cremated
Dairy A place where milk, butter and cheese are kept or sold
Depot A place where buses are kept and repaired
Depot A place where military supplies are kept
Dispensary A place where medicines are compounded
Dockyard A place where ships are built or repaired
Dormitory A room with many beds in a hostel
Dump A place where rubbish in thrown

98
Factory A place where things are manufactured
Gallery A place where works of art are shown
Garage A place where motorcars are kept
Granary A place for storing grain
Greenhouse A building with glass roof and sides, for growing plants
Grocery A shop where dry and preserved food is sold
Gymnasium A place for exercise, with exercise equipment
Hangar A place where aeroplanes are kept
Harbor A place of shelter for ships
Hatchery A place where eggs are hatched artificially
Herbarium A place where dried plants are classified and studied
Hospital A place where sick people stay and received treatment
Hostel A place where board and lodging are provided for studied
Hotel A building that provides rooms for visitors to stay in
Incinerator A building where rubbish is burnt
Kindergarten A school for children from 4 to 6years old
Laboratory A place where scientific experiments are carried out
Laundry A place where clothes are washed and ironed
Library A place where books are kept
Mill A building with machines for grinding grain into flour
Mint A place where coins are made
Mortuary A place where dead bodies are kept until burial or cremation
Mosque A place where Muslims go to worship
Museum A place where historical relics are displayed
Nursery A place where young plants are grown
Nursery A place where young children of working parents are taken care of
Orchard A place where fruits trees are grown
Orphanage A home for orphans
Park A public garden or public recreational ground
Pharmacy A place where medicines are prepared and sold
Plantation A large farm or estate on which crops are grown
Plaza A public square or group of buildings in a town
Polytechnic A technical school where various arts and sciences are taught
Prison A place where criminals are kept locked up
Quarry A place where stone, sand, etc are dug out of the ground
Quay A place where ships are loaded and unloaded
Reservoir A place where water is collected and stored
Resort A place where people go for holidays
Restaurant A place where meals are prepared, sold and eaten
School A place where children are taught how to read and write
Shrine A sacred place
Stadium A place where sports events are staged
Studio A place where a painter, sculptor, photographer, etc work
Studio A place where cinema films are made
Tannery A place where leather is made
Temple A place of worship for Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs or others

99
Theatre A hall where plays are acted on stage
University An institution of higher learning
Vineyard A place where grapesvines are grown
Warehouse A place where goods are stored
Zoo A place where wild animals are kept and exhibited

There are special words used to show whether the person is male or female.

Male Female
bachelor spinster
bride bridegroom
gentleman lady
husband wife
master mistress
sultan sultanah
widow widower

Special words are used for a person’s children.

Male Female Young

father mother son (male), daughter (female)
man woman baby, child
king queen prince (male), princess (female)
Red Indian squaw papoose

Special words are also used for animals to show the male, female and young.

Male Female Young

MAMMALS
Bear She- bear Cub
Billy-goat Nanny-goat Kid
Boar Sow Piglet
Buck (deer) Hind Fawn

100
Bull (cattle) Cow Calf
Bull (elephant) Cow Calf
Bull (seal) Cow Calf
Bull (whale) Cow Calf
Dog Bitch Puppy
Dog (fox) Vixen Cub
Leopard Leopardess Cub
Lion Lioness Cub
Ram (sheep) Ewe Lamb
Stag Hind Fawn
Stallion Mare Foal
Tiger Tigress Cub
Tom-cat Tabby-cat Kitten
wolf She-wolf Cub
BIRDS
Cob (swan) Pen Cygnet
Cock Hen Chick
Cock (pigeon) Hen Squab
Drake Duck Duckling
Eagle Eagle Eaglet
Hawk Bowess Bower
Owl Owl Owlet

Adult Young
INSECTS
Ant , bee Grub
Butterfly Caterpillar
Cockroach Nymph
Housefly Maggot
Mosquito Wriggler
Moth Caterpillar
Wasp Grub
FISH
Eel Elver
Salmon Parr
Trout Fry
AMPHIBIANS
Frog, toad tadpole

101
Similes compared things that are similar in some ways.

as agile as a monkey / cat as hungry as a wolf

as alike as two peas as industrious as a beaver / an ant

as bald as an egg as lazy as a toad

as beautiful as the rainbow as light as a feather

as big as an elephant / a whale as loud as thunder

as black as coal / soot as meek as a lamb

as blind as a bat as old as the hills

as brave as a lion as playful as a kitten / puppy

as busy as a bee as proud as a peacock

as changeable as the weather as quick as lightning

as clear as crystal as quiet as a mouse

as clumsy as a bear as right as rain

as cold as ice as round as a ball

as cool as a cucumber as sharp as a needle

as cunning as a fox as silent as a grave

as deep as the sea as silly as a sheep

as devoted as a mother 102 as slippery as an eel

as dry as a bone as slow as a snail/ tortoise

 as fat as a pig as straight as an arrow

as feeble as a child as strong as a horse / ox

as fierce as a lion as stubborn as a mule

as fit as a fiddle as sturdy as an oak

as flat as a pancake as sweet as honey

as foolish as a calf as swift as a deer/hare/hawk

as gentle as a dove / lamb as tall as a giant

as graceful as a swan as tender as a chicken

as greedy as a hog as thin as a rake

as green as grass as timid as a mouse

as hairy as a gorilla as useful as a cow

as happy as a lark/ king as warm as wool

as hard as iron as wet as a fish

as harmless as a dove as white as snow

as heavy as an elephant as wide as the ocean

as helpless as a baby as wise as an owl

as bitter as gall as dull as ditchwater

as frisky as a lamb/two year old as good as gold

as hungry as a hunter/ wolf as obstinate as a mule

as round as a barrel/ ball as safe as a bank

as sound as a bell as stiff as a poker

as sure-footed as a goat 103 as thick as thieves

 y

A) Complete the following

1 as ___________ as a mule 6 as _______________ as a rock

2 as ___________ as gold 7 as _______________ as honey

3 as ____________ as an ant 8 as _______________ as thieves

4 as ____________ as a deer 9 as _______________ as thunder

5 as ____________ as glass 10 as _______________ as a dog

(A) Complete these sentences with suitable words.

1 He was as happy as a ______________________.

2 We feel as hungry as a ________________________.

3 Learning to dance is as easy as ___________________.

4 Fang Ping is as quiet as a _______________________.

5 The ballerina moved as gracefully as a _____________________.

6 Her dress was as beautiful as the ____________________.

7 He is as fierce as a _____________________ when he is angry.

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8 Don’t worry about me. I’m as fit as a ____________________.

9 The nurse was as tender as a _____________ as she picked up the baby.

10 This bus is moving as slowly as a _______________.

(B) Correct these sentences by changing the underlined words.

1 My brother is as thin as a poker.

2 My grandmother is as wise as a mouse.

3 Raju’s hand were as black as gall.

4 I met a man who was as round as an elephant.

5 The hall was as silent as a bank.

105
A compound word is made up of two or more words.

Examples: basket + ball = basketball

106
 Sun + flower = sunflower

airport eyesight motorboat skateboard

bathroom fingernail motorcar softball
bean sprouts fireman mousetrap somebody
bedroom fire station necklace stallholder
bedtime firewood necktie sunlight
birthday fireworks needlework tablespoon
birthmark fisherman netball teardrop
birthplace fishmonger newspaper teaspoon
blackboard football newsvendor timekeeper
blackout footwear notebook timetable
boatman goalkeeper oil lamp toothache
bookcase grandchild oil palm toothbrush
bookmark granddaughter outdoors toothpaste
bookshop grandfather paperweight toothpick
bookworm grandmother pen pal torchlight
businessman grandson playground upstairs
bus stop grasshopper policeman volleyball
butterfly groundnuts postman warehouse
childhood hardworking postmaster washbasin
chopsticks homesick raincoat watchman
classmate homework raindrop watercolours
downstairs ice cream salesman watermelon
dragonfly keyhole screwdriver weekday
dustbin lamp post seafood weekend
everybody lampshade seashell woodpecker
everyday maidservant seashore woodwork
everywhere mailbox seaside workbook
eyebrow mid-year shophouse zoo keeper
eyelash moonlight shopkeeper

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 air heir
aisle isle (I’ll) fair fare
alley ally feat feet
allowed aloud flew flu
main
ant mane
aunt flour
scene flower
seen
mare
ate mayor
eight fool
scent full cent
sent/
meat
bad meet
bade fore
sea four
see
medal
bail meddle
bale foul
seam fowl
seem
missed
ball mist
bawl gait
sew gatesow
so/
muscle
bare mussel
bear gamble
sight gambol
site
none
beach nun
beech guild
soar guilt
sore
oar
bell or/
belleore grate
sole great
soul
pail
blew pale
blue groan
son grown
sun
pain
boar pane
bore hail
stair hale
stare
pair
board pear
bored hair
stake hare
steak
pause
bough paws
bow hear
stationary here
stationery
peace
boy piece
buoy heard
steal herd
steel
peal
buy peel
by/ bye higher
stile hire
style
peer
ceiling pier
sealing him
tail hymn
tale
picture
cellar pitcher
seller hoard
tares horde
tears
place
cereal plaice
serial hole
tears whole
tiers
plain
cheap plane
cheep holy
their wholly
there
plum
check plumb
cheque hour
threw our
through
pore
coarse pour
course key
throne quay
thrown
practice
core practise
corps knew
tide new
tied
praise
council prays/preys
counsel knight
time night
thyme
presence
crews presents
cruise knot
to not
too/two
principal
currant principle
current knows
told nose
tolled
rains
dear reigns/reins
deer leak
vain leek vein
vane/
raise
die rays/
dye raze lightning
vale lightening
veil
read
draft reed
draught loan
waist lone
waste
real
ewe reel
you loot
wait lute
weight
rice
faint rise
feint made
weak maid
week
right write mail
won male
one
ring wring wood would
road rode/ rowed
roll role
root route
rose rows
roar raw
rye wry
sail sale

108
 IDIOMS MEANING
a chip of the old block very like the father
a close shave a narrow escape
a cock and a bull story an absurd and unbelievable story
a hard nut to crack a difficult problem
a skeleton in the cupboard a dreadful family secret
a storm in a teacup much excitement about something small
a wet blanket a discouraging person
a white elephant something useless and expensive to keep
An eye for an eye Retaliation, revenge
Armed to the teeth Completely armed
At loggerheads with Quarrelling
At the eleventh hour At the last moment
Bite one’s head off Answer sharply or angrily
Blow one’s trumpet Boast
Bring one to one’s senses Cause one to stop foolish or wild behavior
Burn the candle at both ends Overdo work and play
Bury the hatchet Make peace
Butter someone up Flatter
By hook or by crook By fair or foul means
By leaps and bounds With remarkable speed
Can’t make head or tail of Can’t understand at all
Carried away Very excited
Cat-and- dog life Life full of quarrel
Close fisted Miserly
Completely at sea Puzzled
Crocodile tears False tears
Dirt cheap Extremely cheap
Do away with Get rid of
Down to earth Practical
Draw the line Fix the limit
Easier said than done Easier to talk about than to do
Eat one’s words Take back something said earlier
Ends of the earth Remote faraway places

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Face the music Take punishment
Fair and square With justice and honesty
Fall on deaf ears To be ignored
Fell in one’s bone Have a strong feeling about something
Fit as a fiddle In very good health
Get along with Be friendly and in harmony with
Get away with Be successful in something which usually
results in punishment or misfortune
Get down to Deal seriously with
Get into hot water Get into trouble
Get it into one’s head that Understand
Get on one’s nerves Irritate
Get over Forget
Give a piece of one’s mind Punish or scold
Give the game away Reveal a secret plan
Go bananas Act crazily
Go by the book Follow the rules closely
Go off one’s head Become crazy
Hard up Short of money
Hard and fast rules Strict rules
Have a go at To try
Have at one’s fingertips Be thoroughly familiar with
Have one’s hand full Very busy
Have one’s heart in one’s mouth Be frightened
Head over heels Deeply, completely
High and dry Alone and helpless
Hit the nail on the head Guess correctly
Hold one’s tongue Keep silent
In a nut shell Briefly
In cold blood Purposely
In black and white In writing
In one ear and out the other Heard but without effect
In the nick of time Just before it is too late
In the same boat In the same unfortunate circumstance
Keep a straight face Hide one’s amusement by not smiling or
laughing
Keep an eye on To watch carefully, to look after
Keep one’s head Keep calm
Let the cat out of the bag Tell what should be kept a secret
Like water off a duck’s back With no effect or reaction
Lock, stock and barrel The whole of everything
Look down one’s nose on Treat haughtily

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Lose face He humiliated
Lose one’s head Become confused or over-excited
Make a clean breast of Confess
Make do To get along with what one has
Make ends meet Manage financially
Make one’s blood run cold Fill with horror
Make sense Have a meaning
Make the mouth water Cause to desire
Mind one’s P’s and Q’s Be careful and polite about what one’s says
or does
Mind your own business Do not interfere in the affairs of other
people
Next to kin The nearest of relations
Not turn a hair Show no fear
On the dot At the exact time or point
Once in a blue moon Rarely, once in a very long time
Out of hand Out of control
Out of the blue Unexpected
Out of date Old-fashioned
Pick someone’s brain Get ideas from someone
Play fast and loose Act carelessly
Pull one’s leg Try to make someone believe an untruth as
a joke
Pull/wear a long face Look sad and glum
Put an end to Stop
Put the cart before the horse Start at the wrong end
Rains cat and dogs Rain heavily
Rub the wrong way Irritate
Runaway success Great, immediate success
Run into someone Meet unexpectedly
See eye to eye Agree completely
Sell like hot cakes Very readily or quickly
Send one packing Dismiss quickly
Send to Coventry Ignore as a punishment
Show a clean pair of heels Run away
Show one’s teeth Look angry
Sit on the fence Avoid taking sides
Smell a rat Be suspicious
Spick and span Neat and clean
Steal the show Attract all the intension
Strike while the iron is hot Act without delay
Stuck up Conceited, proud

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Take to one’s heels Run away
Thick in the head Stupid
To put one’s best foot forward To do the best possible
Turn over a new leaf Conduct oneself better
Turn to other cheek Accept attack, refuse to take revenge
Turn the tables Reverse the result
Turn up one’s nose Be scornful of
Under one’s very nose Directly in front of one
Wash one’s hands off Refuse to have anything to do with
Wear a long face Look serious or dismal
Wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve To behave so that one’s feelings are clear to
all
With a high hand With arrogance
Well begun is half done A good start makes it easy to finish
something

112
1 Rohaizat ____________ a new motorcycle.

A has bought B buy C buying D have bought

2 __________ is the manager here?

A Whom B Who C Whose D What

3 Petrol __________ a highly volatile liquid.

A are B is C was D were

4 I bought a __________ of grapes at the market.

A crate B comb C bunch D set

5 The __________ of stray dogs attacked and bit the child.

A herd B pack C flock D swarm

6 __________ I go out shopping with my friends, mother?

A Do B Am C Will D May

7 The villagers saw a __________ of thieves hiding in the forest near the
village.

A crew B gang C fleet D troop

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8 My father stopped his car to allow a _________ of sheep to cross the road.

A herd B pack C flock D swarm

9 We __________ ask our teacher’s opinion before we make any decision.

A shall B will be C shall be D shan’t be

10 The letter __________ I cannot post it.

A tear B torn C tears D is torn

11 The pupils were all __________ about when the headmaster entered the
classroom.

A run B ran C runs D running

12 The dogs have been __________ since 10.00p.m.

A howl B howled C howls D howling

13 She has __________ all her money on clothes.

A spend B spent C spends D spending

14 __________ your mother speak French fluently?

A Is B Do C Was D Does

15 The children __________ eat the bread because it was not fresh.

A do B does C don’t D didn’t

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16 Miss Zeela __________ the prettiest pair of eyes I have ever seen.

A has B have C having D to have

17 Whales __________ holes on top of their heads through which they blow out
air.

A has B had C have D having

18 ___________ I boring you with my silly jokes?

A Am B Is C Are D Were

19 Some animals __________ more active at night than in the day.

A is B are C was D will

20 Are there only __________ chalks in the box?

A any B a few C a lot D a little

21 How __________ must I pay for this food?

A few B many C much D a lot

22 You are like your father in __________ ways.

A many B much C plenty D a little

23 Busu and I made __________ a raft to cross the river.

A himself B myself C ourselves D themselves

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24 To __________ do you talk when you have problems?

A who B whom C which D what

25 __________ is the biggest kite at the kite- show.

A They B Them C Their D Theirs

26 All of us listened intently to __________ exciting story.

A he B him C his D himself

27 Please stop that big boy from bullying ___________.

A us B we C our D ours

28 I hope __________ patience and hard work will pay off.

A me B my C mine D myself

29 Water vapourises when __________ is heated.

A it B its C he D they

30 She looks __________ cheerful today than yesterday.

A less B least C most D very

31 It is __________ to cycle very fast down a hill.

A danger B dangerous C dangerously D to danger

32 You speak __________ Bahasa Malaysia than your friend.

116
 A good B better C best D very good

33 Mr Chong spoke __________ because he was annoyed with us.

A angry B anger C angrily D very angry

34 Syafiq did very __________ in the Mathematics test.

A bad B worse C worst D badly

35 How __________ do you go to the dentist?

A always B often C sometimes D never

36 __________ I am not here by 9.00 a.m., you can leave without me.

A If B So C And D But

37 She has not eaten well for a few days __________ she is very sick.

A so B if C but D because

38 The men tried to catch the dog __________ it was too fast for them.

A so B but C and D because

39 I hid __________ the bushes when we played hide-and- seek.

A on B at C against D among

40 The petrol dripped all the way because there was a leak __________ the
tank.

A by B at C in D through

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41 The exhibition was held __________ a public holiday.

A in B on C at D by

42 They stopped the car __________ the side of the road to take a short rest.

A by B in C for D from

43 Why is she so afraid __________ cockroaches?

A of B to C at D for

44 We went to __________ clinic to see __________ Dr Ramesan.

A a, an B an, a C the, - D the, the

45 __________ art competition was organized by __________ Parent- Teacher

Association.

AA,a B An, a C An, an D The, the

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1 __________ forgot to wear __________ badge to school.

A She, hers B He, his C They, them D I, me

2 “Do you know __________ to answer these questions?” asked my younger

brother.

A who B how C which D what

3 Amin went to the __________ shop to buy some tools.

A book B hardware C sundry D tuck

4 The boys took off __________ shoelaces before washing their shoes.

A they B theirs C their D them

5 They have been talking __________ two o’clock.

A for B since C with D at

6 Raman’s auntie is very tall. She is as __________ as her father.

A tall B tallest C taller D more taller

7 We should __________ play in the middle of the road.

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 A always B never C often D seldom

8 Aminuddin found a coin __________ the floor.

A over B in C at D on

9 I saw __________ German tourist eating at __________ hawker centre.

A a, the B a, - C a, an D the, a

“This is the place __________ I was born ,” said Encik Zain to his wife.

A who B when C where D how

10 Hayati wants to buy a new scarf _____ she does not have enough money.

A if B so C or D but

11 The aeroplane will __________ at 3a.m.

A take in B take of C take on D take off

12 She likes to bring her dog __________ whenever she goes.

A among B across C around D along

13 “Please take care of __________ when I am away,” said Mrs Thong to her
children.

A yourself B ourselves C yourselves D myself

14 It is __________ to eat more vegetables than meat.’

A good B best C better D very good

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15 My father bought a __________ of eggs from the market.

A swarm B comb C clutch D brood

16 Zainal’s father is a rich man. He has __________ money.

A many B a lot of C a few D several

17 __________ apple she gave was sweet. It was __________ expensive one
too.

A An, - B The, an C the, an D The, -

18 When they won the netball game, all the players felt pleased with
__________.

A yourselves B himself C themselves D ourselves

19 Many goods are kept in the _____________.

A hangar B harbor C warehouse D station

20 My driving license expires __________ in the sixth of October.

A in B at C on D by

21 __________ help of a passerby, I managed to push the car to the side of the
road.

A By B With C From D On

22 Speak ___________, they are having an examination.

121
 A softly B bravely C loudly D politely

23 There were __________ people at the grand opening of the shopping

complex.

A much B plenty C a little D a lot of

24 “ Puan Ani gave me a __________ of bananas yesterday,” said Ramli.

A bouquet B bunch C packet D pack

25 This is __________ insect I have ever seen.

A strange B strangest C stranger D the strangest

26 A penguin ___________ not fly, but it swims very well.

A do B does C did D doing

27 My motorcycle is __________ Hamdan’s and Farid’s motorcycles.

A behind B beside C opposite D between

28 The tourist stayed __________ Kota Kinabalu for ten days.

A at B on C in D by

29 Rashid Sidek was __________ as the Best Sportsman in 1991.

A choose B chose C chosen D choosing

30 “We__________ you all in the cooking competition,” said the girl.

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 A shall join B joining C joins D join

31 Zaiton’s house was __________ decorated for her brother’s wedding.

A angrily B politely C soundly D beautifully

32 You must attend the course __________ you are ill.

A unless B therefore C if D or

33 Khaidar has the __________ T-shirt I have ever seen.

A very colourful B colourful C most colourful D more colourful

34 Don’t give him too __________ food to eat.

A a lot B many C much D a little

35 The __________ wore masks during the robbery.

A rob B robber C robbers D robbed

36 The bridesmaid carried a beautiful __________ of flowers.

A clump B group C set D bouquet

37 They came back ___________ Pulau Tioman five days ago.

A from B on C into D at

38 We shall rest __________ we have finished the work.

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 A at B above C across D after

39 When the fire started, __________ rushed to the door. Luckily, __________
was hurt.

A nobody, none B someone, one C everything, all

D everybody, no one

40 Henry bought a __________ of oranges for the Chinese New Year.

A collection B packet C pack D crate

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