Source: library.mcmaster.ca/guides/apa.

htm

APA Style Guide

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This guide is based on the 5 edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (Washington, D.C.:
nd
American Psychological Association, 2001). This can be found in the Reference section of MILLS (2 floor), THODE (lower level), and
INNIS at BF 76.7 .P83 2001 and in HEALTH reference at Z345.P976 2001

If the type of entry you want to cite is not included below, please consult the Publication Manual of the APA or the APA Style
Guide to Electronic References.
For CE2I03 follow the spacing requirements given for each assignment
APA style requires that you DOULE SPACE all of your work, including your Reference List.
FOR CE2I03 PLEASE SINGLE SPACE YOUR REFERENCE LIST
Citing sources in the text
$ appear WITHIN the text of your paper immediately after a quotation or reference to a work
$ indicate the author and year of the work you are referring to, and include the page number(s) if you are using a “direct quotation” in
your reference
$ enable readers to find the full citation in your reference list

Direct quote Medieval Europe was a place of “traveling merchants and active markets in grain” (Townsend, 1993, p.10)

Author’s name in text Townsend (1993) believed that Medieval Europe was a place of active markets and of grain and traveling
merchants.
Author’s name in
reference Medieval Europe was a place of active markets and of grain and traveling merchants (Townsend, 1993).

2 authors Cite both authors every time the reference occurs in the text.
e.g., Anderson and Lopez (2003) found no relationship between the events.

3-5 authors Cite all authors the first time; subsequently, cite only the surname of the first author followed by “et al.”
e.g., Johnston et al. (1992) have discovered that...

6 or more authors Cite only the surname of the first author followed by “et al.”
e.g., Marion et al. (2005) believe that there are no other viable alternatives.

Preparing the Reference List

$ appears at the END of your research paper
$ lists all the sources that were consulted to write the paper including books, articles, personal interviews, websites, etc.
$ arranged alphabetically by author’s surname or by title if no author is identified
$ second and subsequent lines of each entry should be indented
$ capitalize only the first word of titles/subtitles of books and articles and also capitalize proper names, e.g. Canada
$ insert issue numbers only if each issue of the journal/magazine begins with page “1"; otherwise, give only the volume number
$ double space both WITHIN and BETWEEN entries (to save space, the following examples have NOT been double spaced)

BOOK Author, A.A. (Date). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.

Overy, R. (1994). War and economy in the Third Reich. New York: Oxford University Press.

2 authors Overy, R., & Mitchell, R.D. (Date). Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher.
rd
BOOK (edition) Keesing, R.M., & Strathern, A. (1998). Cultural anthropology: A contemporary perspective (3 ed.).
Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
ESSAY, ARTICLE OR Author, A.A. (Date). Title of essay/article/chapter. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xx-xx).
CHAPTER IN A BOOK Place of publication: Publisher.

Heller, R. (1996). The tale of the universe for others. In N. Lykke & R. Braidotti (Eds.), Between
monsters, goddesses and cyborgs (pp.72-87). New Jersey: Zed Books.
JOURNAL OR MAGAZINE Author, A.A. (Date). Title of article. Journal Title, vol(issue), xx-xx.
ARTICLE
Topinkova, E., & Callahan, D. (1999). Culture, economics and Alzheimer’s disease: Social
determinants of resource allocation. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 18(4), 411-22.
N.B.: For journal articles, always include the journal issue number (if available) along with the volume number, regardless of whether the journal
paginated separately by issue or continuously by volume. This 2007 change in reference style from the fifth edition of the Publication Manual is
intended to make the format for journal article references more consistent.
 * ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE Author, A.A. (Date). Title of article. Journal Title, vol(issue), pages. doi: 10.1012/3456789.
(with DOI) 12.1.415

Kanipe, J. (2007). A long time ago, in a galaxy not so far away. Nature, 446(7136), 60-64. doi:
10.1038/446600a
N.B.: For journal articles, always include the journal issue number (if available) along with the volume number, regardless of whether the journal
paginated separately by issue or continuously by volume. This 2007 change in reference style from the fifth edition of the Publication Manual is
intended to make the format for journal article references more consistent.

ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE Author, A.A. (Date). Title of article. Journal Title, vol(issue), pages. Retrieved from
(without DOI) http://whatever/theURLis.com

Stephenson, W.J., & Brander, R.W. (2003). Coastal geomorphology in to the twenty-first century.
Progress in Physical Geography, 27(4), 67-74. Retrieved from http://ppg.sagepub.com/
N.B.: For undated or otherwise changeable content retrieved from the open Web, as well as in-preparation, in-press, or preprint journal articles,
include the retrieval date. No retrieval date is necessary for content that is not likely to be changed or updated, such as a journal article or book. If the
content is open-access, give the exact URL. If the content is by subscription, give the URL of the journal home page.

*ONLINE MAGAZINE Author, A.A. (Date). Title of article. [Online exclusive]. Magazine Title, vol(issue). Retrieved
CONTENT NOT FOUND IN from http://www.URL.of/article.com
PRINT VERSION
Liptak, D.A. (2007). Beyond WorldCat finding that elusive item. [Online exclusive]. Searcher,
15(8). Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid= 2&sid=7e0f08cb
-057f-42f2- 94fb-af8020f0f703%40SRCSM2
N.B.: For undated or otherwise changeable content retrieved from the open Web, as well as in-preparation, in-press, or preprint journal articles,
include the retrieval date. No retrieval date is necessary for content that is not likely to be changed or updated, such as a journal article or book.

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE Author, A.A. (Date). Title of article. Title of newspaper, p. A1. [Note: multiple pages: pp. A1, A4.]

Houston, W. (2000, August 30). Jays sale to Rogers expected this week. Globe and Mail, p. A12.

no author Program to help gambling addicts. (2000, August 31). Globe and Mail, p. A9.

*online Fleishman, G. (2005, July 28). Revolution on the radio. New York Times. Retrieved from
http://nytimes.com
*STAND-ALONE DOCUMENT Author, A.A (if given). (Date). Title. Retrieved Month day, year, from URL address
FROM THE INTERNET $ if no author, begin with the title of the document
$ if no date, put “n.d.” in the date brackets

Depression. (n.d.) Retrieved October 12, 2004, from http://www.psychdirect.com/depression

/depression._overview.htm
N.B.: For undated or otherwise changeable content retrieved from the open Web, as well as in-preparation, in-press, or preprint journal articles,
include the retrieval date. No retrieval date is necessary for content that is not likely to be changed or updated, such as a journal or book.

CUSTOM COURSEWARE Author, A.A. (Date). Title of essay/article/chapter. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (edition, pp. xx-
(Citing the article as part of xx). Place of publication: Publisher.
the course pack)
Ford, S., Fallowfield, L., & Lewis, S. (1996). Doctor-patient interactions in oncology. In C. Sinding
(Ed.), Health Studies 4CO3 (January 2004 ed., pp. 125-133) Hamilton, ON: McMaster
University.
N.B.: If the course pack that you are using may not be available to your reader, citing from the original source may be more appropriate.

PERSONAL INTERVIEW/ Since a personal interview is not recoverable (i.e. it is not possible for someone else to see or hear
EMAIL/ MESSAGE ON A it), it should not be listed in a reference list. It can, however, be listed parenthetically within the text.
NON-ARCHIVED
DISCUSSION GROUP (Person being interviewed, personal communication, Date)

(S. Lovell, personal communication, October 28, 2000)

SECONDARY SOURCE In the text, quote or paraphrase the idea that the current author has quoted:

As Jenkins points out, “The conflict continues because the stakes are constantly raised” (as cited in
Li, 1998, p. 13).

In your reference list, cite Li as follows:

Li, A. (1998). Studies in art. New York: Scholarly Publishing.

LECTURE NOTES Lecturer, A. (Date). Lecture Number: Title [Format]. Retrieved from with website info.

Etches-Johnson, A. (2007). Lecture 1: Library Research for Communication Studies [PowerPoint

slides]. Retrieved from McMaster University Libraries Research Guides:
http://library.mcmaster.ca/instruction/CMST1B03_Library_Session.pdf

*DOI: Whenever a DOI number is available, use it in place of the URL. The DOI is found along with the citation information of a journal
article online. If you can’t find one, use the URL instead.
Revised May 7, 2008