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Linux Questions

The document contains answers to 5 questions about various Linux and networking concepts. Major and minor numbers identify device drivers and parameters in Linux device files. Nested virtualization allows running VMs inside other VMs for testing. Shorewall is an open-source firewall configuration tool that uses Netfilter and iptables to configure firewall rules defined in configuration files. SRV records in DNS define the location and port of servers for specified services. NAT involves rewriting source and destination IP addresses as packets pass through a firewall, with two main types being DNAT and SNAT.

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49 views2 pages

Linux Questions

The document contains answers to 5 questions about various Linux and networking concepts. Major and minor numbers identify device drivers and parameters in Linux device files. Nested virtualization allows running VMs inside other VMs for testing. Shorewall is an open-source firewall configuration tool that uses Netfilter and iptables to configure firewall rules defined in configuration files. SRV records in DNS define the location and port of servers for specified services. NAT involves rewriting source and destination IP addresses as packets pass through a firewall, with two main types being DNAT and SNAT.

Uploaded by

rabirm77
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ques 1: - What are major and minor numbers in Linux ?

Ans: - When accessing a device file, the major number selects which device driver is being
called to perform the input/output operation. This call is being done with the minor number as a
parameter and it is entirely up to the driver how the minor number is being interpreted.

e.g : # ls -l /dev/sda

brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 root 9 07:56 /dev/sda

Here , 8 is the device number and 0 is the minor device number.

Ques 2: - What is Nested virtualization & How to enable this in KVM ?

Ans: - Nested virtualization refers to running virtual machines (VMs) inside other VMs, usually
for testing purposes.

To enable nested Virtualization , set this kernel module “kvm-intel.nested=1”

Ques 3: - What is Shorewall?

Ans:Shorewall is a opensource gateway/firewall configuration tool for Linux. Shorewall, is


high-level tool for configuring Netfilter. We describe our firewall/gateway requirements using
entries in a set of configuration files. Shorewall reads those configuration files and with the help
of the iptables, iptables-restore, ip and tc utilities, Shorewall configures Netfilter and the Linux
networking subsystem to match our requirements. Shorewall can be used on a dedicated firewall
system, a multi-function gateway/router/server or on a standalone GNU/Linux system.

Ques 4: - What are SRV record in DNS ?

Ans: - A Service record (SRV record) is a specification of data in the Domain Name System
defining the location, i.e. the hostname and port number, of servers for specified services.

An SRV record has the form:

_service._proto.name TTL class SRV priority weight port target

 service: the symbolic name of the desired service.


 proto: the transport protocol of the desired service; this is usually either TCP or UDP.
 name: the domain name for which this record is valid.
 TTL: standard DNS time to live field.
 class: standard DNS class field (this is always IN).
 priority: the priority of the target host, lower value means more preferred.
 weight: A relative weight for records with the same priority.
 port: the TCP or UDP port on which the service is to be found.
 target: the canonical hostname of the machine providing the service.

An example SRV record in textual form that might be found in a zone file might be the
following:

_sip._tcp.example.com. 86400 IN SRV 0 5 5060 sipserver.example.com.

Ques 5: - What is NAT ?

Ans:Network Address Translation(NAT) generally involves re-writing the source and/or


destination addresses of IP packets as they pass through a firewall.There are two two types of
natting

i) DNAT
ii) SNAT

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