International Journal of Trend in Scientific

Research and Development (IJTSRD)

International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 3

Review and Analysis of W

WiMAX
iMAX Technology using different
Modulation scheme with AWGN Channel
Arvind Yadav1, Er. Praveen Kumar Patidar2
M.Tech Student1, Professor2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Engineering,
Lakshmi Narain Coll
College of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
The last few decades, there has been a incredible communication system bandwidth demand is become
growth in the wireless communication technology. higher and higher. In order to transmit data with high
The growing demand of multimedia services and the speed, the wireless communication having a high
growth of Internet related contents lead to increasing spectral efficiency does not directly lead to
interest to high speed communications. The Wireless overcoming the fading. Fading ding may lead to the
communication technology, affordable w wireless reduction of spectral efficiency. It is very difficult to
service has become a reality. In wireless match these requests for the traditional modulation
communication, radio propagation refers to the technique, but the MIMO-OFDM OFDM system combines
behavior of radio waves when they are propagated the OFDM and MIMO technologies to meet these
from transmitter to receiver. In the course of requirements [2, 3]. MIMO wireless antenna systems
propagation, radio waves are mainly affected by three have been renowned as a key technology for future
different modes of physical phenomena: reflection, wireless communications. The performance of MIMO
diffraction, and scattering. In this paper, we analysis system can be enhanced by using multiple antennas at
of MIMO-OFDM OFDM system employing different transmitting and receiving side to provide spatial
Modulation scheme is analysed using AWGN diversity [4].
channel. The Simulation results show that this is a A. WiMAX
novel technique for next generation wireless systems
using MATLAB toll R2013a. The letters off WiMAX stand for worldwide
interoperability for microwave access and it is a
Keywords: AWGN, MIMO, OFDM, BER, SNR technology for point-to
to-multipoint wireless
networking. WiMAX is called the next generation
I. INTRODUCTION:
broadband wireless technology which offers high
The areas of wireless communication have been speed, secure and last mile broadband services along
significantly challenging in the last some years. Over with a cellular back-haul
haul and Wi-Fi
Wi hotspots. The
time, several generations have passed to improve the evolution of WiMAX began a few years ago when
speed and capacity while maintaining an appreciable scientists and engineers felt the need of having a
quality of service [1]. MIMO and OFDM are two wireless Internet access and other broadband services
combined
ined technology to provide the spectral which works well everywhere specifically the rural
efficiency and high data rate required for 4G wireless areas or in those areas where it is hard to establish
system technology [1]. The major challenge faced in wired infrastructure and economically not feasible.
MIMO-OFDM
OFDM systems is how to obtain the channel The IEEE 802.16, also known as IEEE Wireless-
Wireless
state information accurately and promptly for MAN, explored both licensed and unlicensed band of
coherent detectionon of information symbols. The 2-66
66 GHz which is standard of fixed wireless wireles

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr

Apr 2018 Page: 2120
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
broadband and included mobile broadband mobility access. The IEEE 802.16e air interface based
application. WiMAX forum, a private organization on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
was formed in June 2001 to coordinate the (OFDMA) which main aim is to give better
components and develop the equipment those will be performance in non-line-of-sight environments. The
compatible and inter operable. After several years, in mobile WiMAX Fig.1[5], is a technology based on
2007, Mobile WiMAX equipment developed with the IEEE 802.16 standard [6] developed as a feasible and
standard IEEE 802.16e got the certification and they attractive solution to these problems.
announced to release the product in 2008, providing

Fig. 1: WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) network architecture

II. MIMO- OFDM

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) to monitor the spectral activities of the licensed users
communication system combined with the orthogonal at no extra cost [11, 12, 13].
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation
technique can achieve reliable high data rate OFDM divides the high-rate stream into parallel
transmission over broadband wireless channels. lower rate data and hence prolongs the symbol
OFDM is techniques to digital encode data on the duration, thus helping to eliminate Inter Symbol
multiple-frequencies. It is widely used in wireless Interference (ISI). It also allows the bandwidth of
communication networking, Video, audio subcarriers to overlap without Inter Carrier
broadcasting, TV, wireless networks and 4G [7, 8]. Interference (ICI) as long as the modulated carriers
OFDM plays a major role in both for wireless and are orthogonal. OFDM therefore is considered as an
wired communications. It started in the 1870 when it efficient modulation technique for broadband access
was used to carry the information via multiple in a very dispersive environment. DAB (Digital Audio
channels using a telegram [7, 8]. Among many Broadcasting), High Definition TV, Wireless LANs,
possible technologies for the secondary users’ Mobile broadband [7].
transmission in the spectrum pooling systems, OFDM  IEEE 802.16: It operates in licensed spectrum of
has already been widely recognized as a particularly 2Ghz to11 Ghz.
novel candidate. This is mainly due to its great
 IEEE 802.20: It operates below 3.5 GHz in the
flexibility in dynamically allocating the unused
licensed band.
spectrum among secondary users as well as its ability
 Up to 155 miles/ h speed [7, 10].

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018 Page: 2121
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
After inserting pilots either to all subcarriers with a specific period of blocks or within a uniform period of
frequency bins in all blocks, IDFT block is used to transform the data sequence of length into time domain
signal with the following equation 1.

Fig. 2: SISO OFDM System Block Diagram

Fig. 3: MIMO OFDM System Block Diagram

Spatial multiplexing Gain: the transmission of multiple data streams over more than one antenna is called
spatial multiplexing. The advantage of spatial multiplexing is linear capacity gains in relation to the number of
transmit antennas. This gain, referred to as spatial multiplexing gain, is realized by transmitting independent
data signals from the individual antennas [14]. Spatial diversity gain: spatial diversity improves the signal
quality and achieves a higher signal to noise ratio at the receiver side. Signal power in a wireless channel
fluctuates randomly or fades. Diversity is a powerful technique to mitigate fading in wireless links. Consider a
space time block coded MIMO-OFDM system [15] equipped with transmit antennas and receive antennas as
illustrated in Figure 4.

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018 Page: 2122
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470

Fig. 4: Block Diagram of Space Time Block Coded MIMO-OFDM system Structure[9]

III. MODULATION Table 1: Performance of IEEE 802.16e Parameters

Modulation is the process of facilitating the transfer Parameters Value
of information over a medium. Sound transmission in Communication Channel AWGN
air has limited range for the amount of power your Modulation Techniques 2-PSK, 4-PSK, 8-QAM
lungs can generate. To extend the range your voice and 16-QAM
reach, we need to transmit it through a medium other IFFT (Input port size) 256
than air, such as a phone line or radio. The process of CC Code Rate ½
converting information (voice in the case) so that it
Radio Technology OFDM
can be successfully sent through a medium (wire or
Used Scheme Alamouti
radio waves) is called modulation.
System (Single and MIMO
IV. CHANNEL ESTIMATION Multiple)
Model WiMAX 802.16e
When a signal containing audio or video is Calculation Parameters BER V/s SNR
transmitted through the air medium or wireless Simulation-Used Matlab (R2013a)
medium to the receiver (Rx), some of its Tool/Software
characteristics are changed due to present noise and
interference in the atmosphere[9]. This distorted
signal is unable to provide useful information; some
of these characteristics are change like frequency,
amplitude and Phase. A wideband radio channel is
normally time variant and Frequency selective. For an
OFDM communication system, the channel
transferred at different subcarriers appears in the
receiver with unequal frequency and time domains.
Therefore, dynamic estimation of the signal is
necessary [7, 9].
V. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

To analyze the performance of WiMAX (OFDM-

systems) based on the different simulation parameters
consider and obtain simulation results. We
investigated the BER V/s SNR plot by using AWGN
channel. The performance of WiMAX model analysis
on used the following parameters as shown in table 1 Fig. 5: Performance Analysis of 2*4 MIMO
systems using different modulation with AWGN
Channel

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018 Page: 2123
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
VI. CONCLUSION 8) Kala Praveen Bagadi “MIMO-OFDM Channel
Estimation using Pilot Carries” International
The WiMAX technology is a broadband wireless data Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
communications technology based around the IEEE Volume 2 – No.3, May 2010.
802.16 standard providing high speed data over a
wide area. In this performance result is shown in 9) Chang-Yi Yang, Yu-Li Chen, Hai-Yan Song
figure 5, we have used the Alamouti scheme with “Adaptive Carrier Frequency Offset and Channel
communication AWGN channel and different Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems” 2016
modulation techniques. The performance is displayed IEEE DOI 10.1109/WAINA.2016.68.
in terms of the BER verses SNR logarithmic plot. 10) While Zhang, Feifei Gao, and Qinye Yin “Blind
Channel Estimation for MIMO-OFDM Systems
We analysis the 16-QAM, SNR is increased 6.1dB on with Low-Order Signal Constellation” IEEE
BER at as compared to 8-QAM and Modulation Communications Letters, Vol. 19(3), March 2015.
Techniques at a constant signal power.
11) Hamid Shahrokh Shahraki, Kamal Mohamed-
REFERENCES Pour “Efficient Power Loading in MIMO-OFDM
Based Cognitive Radio Networks” Scientific
1) Asma Bouhlel, Anis Sakly and Nejib Mansouri Research, Communications and Network, 2011, 3,
“Performance comparison of DFT based MIMO 8-16.
OFDM and FET based MIMO-OFDM” AWICT-
2015, Elsevier, Procedia Computer Science 73 (2015) 12) R. V. Nee and R. Prasad, “OFDM for Wireless
266-273. Multimedia Communication,” Artech House,
London, 2000.
2) Ammar Ali Sahrab “MIMO-OFDM: Maximum
Diversity Using Maximum Likelihood Detector” 13) U. Berthold, F. Jondral, S. Brandes and M.
2014 IEEE. Schnell, “OFDM-Based Overlay Systems: A
Promising Approach for Enhancing Spectral
3) Jiang Xuehua, and Chen Peijiang, “Study and
Efficiency [Topics in Radio Communications],”
Implementation of MIMOOFDM System Based
IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 45(12),
on Matlab,” IEEE Computer Society: International
December 2007, pp. 52-58.
Conference on Information Technology and
Computer Science, pp. 554–557, 2009. 14) Kala Praveen Bagadi and Susmita Das “MIMO-
OFDM Channel Estimation using Pilot Carries”
4) M.Raju “Mean Square Error Analysis in MIMO-
International Journal of Computer Applications
OFDM System using Pilot based Channel
(0975 – 8887) Vol. 2 (3), May 2010.
Estimation” 2016 IEEE, (SCOPES-2016).
15) Md. Mejbaul Haque, Mohammad Shaifur Rahman
5) Federal “A Mobile WiMAX Mesh Network with
and Ki-Doo Kim “Performance Analysis of
Routing Techniques and Quality of Service
MIMO-OFDM for 4G Wireless Systems under
Mechanisms” Selected Topics in WiMAX,
Rayleigh Fading Channel” International Journal of
Chapter 3, INTECH 2013.
Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering Vol.
6) IEEE 802.16e-2005 Part 16: Air Interface for 8(1), January, 2013.
Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access
16) Y. Chang, R. Zhang “Transmit Optimization
Systems Amendment 2: Physical and Medium
for MIMO-OFDM With Delay-Constrained and
Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and
No-Delay-Constrained Traffic”, IEEE Transaction
Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands, 2005
on signal processing, Vol. 54(8), 2006.
7) Ramanpreet Kaur, Harjinder Singh “A Review
Paper on Performance Analysis of Channel
Estimation in MIMO-OFDM System” IJSRD -
International Journal for Scientific Research &
Development| Vol. 5, Issue 06, 2017 | ISSN (online):
2321 - 061.

@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 3 | Mar-Apr 2018 Page: 2124