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Experiment-5: Objective: Apparatus Required: Theory

The objective of the experiment is to determine the frequency response of an open loop linear system. Frequency response is obtained by varying the frequency of a sinusoidal input and measuring the ratio of the output to input amplitudes (B/A) and the phase difference between the input and output signals. These values are plotted on a Bode plot with the log of frequency on the x-axis and 20log(B/A) and phase angle on the y-axes. The gain and phase margins can then be determined from the Bode plot and used to assess the stability of the system.

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42 views

Experiment-5: Objective: Apparatus Required: Theory

The objective of the experiment is to determine the frequency response of an open loop linear system. Frequency response is obtained by varying the frequency of a sinusoidal input and measuring the ratio of the output to input amplitudes (B/A) and the phase difference between the input and output signals. These values are plotted on a Bode plot with the log of frequency on the x-axis and 20log(B/A) and phase angle on the y-axes. The gain and phase margins can then be determined from the Bode plot and used to assess the stability of the system.

Uploaded by

uday
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Lab

EXPERIMENT-5

OBJECTIVE: To determine the response of a given open loop linear system.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Compensation design and CRO

THEORY: Consider a linear system with sinusoidal input


R(t) = A sin(wt)……..(1)

Under steady state condition, the system output as well as the signal at all other points in the
system are sinusoidal. The steady state output may be written as….

C(t): B sin(wt+Φ)…….(2)

The magnitude and phase relationship between the sinusoidal input and the steady state
output of a system is termed as the frequency response. In a linear time invariant systems, the
frequency response is independent of the amplitude and phase of the input signal. The output
is always sinusoidal for a sinusoidal input in a frequency domain. In this domain, the response
is independent of nature of input. For step input, the response is always step And so on.
Frequency response is only obtained for a open loop system.

Fig: Open Loop Linear System

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Control Lab

PROCEDURE:

1. Using CRO, take different values of the ratio B/A for different frequencies of
sinusoidal input and output respectively. Frequency can be varied by keeping the gain
constant.

2. Now note the different values of the phase difference (Φ) for different frequencies of
input. Phase difference can be obtained by obtaining lissajous patterns on CRO.

3. Now plot the bode plot in semi –logarithm graph paper. The standard procedure is to
20log(B/A) and phase angle(Φ) in degrees Vs Log(w), I.e. the frequency on a
logarithmic.

OBSERVATION:
S.No Frequency(Hz) O/P I/P ∆Ymin ∆Ymax 20log(B/A) Sin-1 (ΔYmin/ΔYmax)
.
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3
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RESULTS: The Bode Plot is drawn as per the observation table…

Phase margin =…………..

Gain margin =…………..

Gain cross-over frequency =…………..

Phase cross ever frequency =……………

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Control Lab

PLOTS:

DISCUSSION: When both gain margin and phase margin are positive then only the
system is used to stable. If one of them is negative then the system is unstable.

Also, if ωg<ωp, the system is stable.

if ωg>ωp, the system is unstable.

if ωg=ωp, the system is marginally stable.

Gain Margin: It is the value of the gain at the phase cross –over frequency which when
increased will drive the system to the verge of instability.

Phase Margin: The additional phase lag needed at the gain crossover frequency to drive the
system to the verge of instability.

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