International Journal of Trend in Scientific

Research and Development (IJTSRD)

International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 4

Developing Pervious Concrete by Variations

in Aggregate Size & Testing of Parameters
Prof. Amena I. Tamboli1, Shaikh Zaid A.Majeed2, Panchariya Karan2,
Pankar Akshay 2, Patel Bhargav2, Powar Vikramsinh2
1
ME Structures, Sinhgad Aca
Academy
demy of Engineering, Pune, India
2
Students, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering
Engineering, Pune, India
ABSTRACT
Pervious concrete as a paving material has seen human and natural environment. Pervious concrete is
renewed interest due to its ability to allow water to also named as porous concrete or permeable concrete.
flow through itself to recharge groundwater level and
minimize storm water runoff. Pervious concrete
mixtures are usually prepared by single sized coarse
aggregate with negligible or zero percentage of fine
aggregate. Our study includes the preparation of
pervious concrete samples by varying the size of
coarse aggregate used. The effect of variation in size Fig. 1 Pervious Concrete
of aggregate on compressive strength is studied and
compared with conventional concrete. Coefficients of Pervious concrete has been gaining a lot of attention
permeability for each mix are calculated and in recent years due to its various environmental
compared. The results and various reasons affecting benefits which include controlling storm water runoff,
the results are discussed by graphical presentation and restoring groundwater supplies. It can be used for the
conclusions are drawn. construction of parking lots, low-volume
low roads,
walkways, driveways, sidewalks and swimming pool
Keywords: Coefficient of Permeability, Compressive decks. The permeability of the pervious concrete
Strength, Pervious Concrete, Variation in Aggregate signifies its capacity to drain the ponding water from
Size, Voids Ratio the concrete surface. The demonstration of drainage
through pervious concrete is shown in Fig.1. The
I. INTRODUCTION pervious concrete pavements also serve the purpose of
reducing noise pollution to some extent so they are
In recent times, climate change is a huge problem. sometimes referred to as ‘low-noise
‘low road surfaces’.
One of the effect of climate change is, major cities The proper utilization of pervious concrete is a
around the world are experiencing frequent flooding. recognized Best Management Practice by the U.S.
The climate around the world is also changing due to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ( for
increased urbanization, replacement of pervious providing storm water management and suitable
natural surfaces and vegetation are being rapidly development. It is also recognized by United States
replaced with impervious
pervious materials such as pavements Green Building Council (USGBC), which sets the
and structures which lead to an increase in runoff and green building rating system known as the LEED
pollution. As a result, the drainage system gets program (The Leadership in Energy and
overloaded causing disruption to the road transport Environmental Design).
and flooding of basement parking. While constructing
any projectt engineer should not only consider the
economics of the project but also impact on the

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
of paste should not fill the void space within coarse
aggregate. Therefore a lower water-cement ratio
between 0.26 and 0.5 is regulated to create channels
through which water can freely flow [2]. Coarse
aggregate sizes suggested for pervious concrete range
from 9.5 to 19 mm [2]. To achieve the permeability
pervious concrete can be designed such that mutually
connected voids account for 15 to 35 % of the total
hardened concrete volume [2]. As a result of this
composition, pervious concrete made without
additives has a relatively low compressive strength
varying from 2.8 to 28 MPa [2]. To avoid the
formation of cement paste lower water-cement ratio
between 0.26 and 0.50 has been suggested [2].
Fig.2 Conventional Concrete
II. OBJECTIVES

In this paper the effect on compressive strength and

permeability of pervious concrete is studied by
varying the size of coarse aggregate used. The
different size of aggregates used are 10 mm, 13 mm,
16 mm. Eight number cubes of 150 × 150 × 150 mm
are prepared for each aggregate size. Six samples of
readings for each compressive strength test and
permeability are recorded. The results obtained are
compared with each other and the various reasons
affecting the results are studied. One slab model of
450 mm × 450 mm is prepared for each size of
aggregate.

Fig.2 Pervious Concrete III. EXPERIMENTS

Pervious concrete can be produced using conventional 1. Materials and Equipment Specifications
concrete-making material such as cement,
 Standard aggregate with specific gravity 2.97,
supplementary cementations materials, admixtures,
available for regular construction works were
single sized coarse aggregate, very little or no fine
used.
aggregates, and water [1]. Because pervious concrete
 Ordinary Portland cement specific gravity 3.15,
contains little or no fine aggregates it is also referred
of 53 grade was used.
to as ‘no-fines concrete’. The lack of sand in pervious
 Portable water is used for preparation of mixture
concrete results in a very harsh mix with a rough
and curing.
textured, and a honeycombed surface. Fig. 2 shows
 No admixtures and fine aggregates were used.
the microscopic view of the conventional concrete
 Curing is performed in the curing tank.
and Fig. 3 represents the pervious concrete in which
 Concrete mixture is mixed in the rotating
the absence of sand has led to formation of voids. Use
mechanical mixture.
of small amount of sand can be proportionally
 Cubical size metallic moulds of 150 mm are
improve the compressive strength but air void content
used for test cubes.
will be reduced and permeability lowered.
 Wooden mould is used for casting of model.
 Steel tamping rod of16mm diameter 0.6m long
The sized aggregate are bonded together by a paste
along with bullet ends used for tamping.
formed by the cement and water. It is important to
 Universal testing machine (1000KN) is used for
maintain the proper volume of paste in the mix design
testing compressive strength.
so that the aggregate is equally coated but the excess

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2. Mix Design and Preparation of Mix 3. Casting and Curing

Proportions of pervious concrete mixture are done to The prepared mix is poured into the mould and light
produce concrete having adequate workability, tamping is done so as to maintain the void content in
strength, permeability and void ratio. Aggregate the concrete and achieve the required strength. After
content is usually around 1200 kg/m3 to 1800 kg/m3 24 hours of casting. The sample is kept into curing
[3]. The water-cement ratio is also prescribed in the tank for 28 days curing.
range of 0.26 and 0.5 [2]. In earlier studies the mix
design with aggregate and cement ratio of 3 was 4. Testing
found to have the maximum strength [4].
Compressive Strength and Permeability of the
The following contents of materials were used for the pervious concrete are the parameters under study in
M30 mix of the pervious concrete. this paper.
Table 1 Contents of the constituents per cubic meter
Constituent element Content 4.1 Compressive Strength Test

Cement 394 Kg/m3 6 cubes of each type of concrete mix were tested for
Aggregate 1168 Kg/m3 compressive strength after 28 days of curing in the
Water 197 Kg/m3 curing tank. The compressive strength tests were
performed on the universal testing machine available
Water-cement ratio of 0.35 in the college. The cubes are placed on universal
Aggregate-cement ratio of 3 testing machine such that the cast surfaces are in
i.e. 1:0:3 with 0.35 w/c contact with the platens of the machine i.e. in the right
angled position to that of casting. The compressive
Weight batching is used for proportionating the load on the cube should be applied at the constant rate
quantities of materials. The mechanical mixer was between 0.2 to 0.4 MPa/sec [5]. Table 3 presents the
used. Initially the dry constituents were mixed for 2 average value of compressive strength recorded for
minutes. After gradual addition of water the wet each type of mix. All the tests were performed
mixture was mixed for minimum 4 minutes and until according to IS 516:1959. Table 3 Compressive
the homogenous mixture is obtained. strength of each mix
Table 2 Pervious concrete mix and the aggregate
size used Mix Compressive Strength
Name of the mix Aggregate size used L 27.23 MPa
L 16 mm M 28.80 MPa
M 13 mm S 25.53 MPa
S 10 mm Conventional Concrete 30 MPa

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
2456

The failure pattern of cube is observed and results of

compressive strength of Pervious Concrete cube are
presented in chapter below.

4.2 Permeability Test

6 permeability tests were performed on 2 cubes for

each type of the mix. The permeability test was
performed on the 27th day of the casting [6]. Table 4
presents the average value of coefficient of
permeability for each type of mix. All the tests were
performed according to IS 516:1959.

Coefficient of permeability can be calculated by the IV. FUTURE SCOPES

formula stated below [7, 8].
Only coarse aggregates were used in this study.
Future studies can be performed on improvement of
compressive strength of pervious concrete by adding
where, a → cross-sectional
sectional area of standpipe
various percentages of sand. But it should be noted
L → length of the sample
that increase in content of fine aggregate will reduce
A → cross-sectional
sectional area of the specimen
the permeability of pervious concrete.
t → time for water to drop from h1 to h2
V. CONCLUSIONS
Table 4 Coefficient of permeability of each mix
After the study of the pervious concrete pavement we
Mix Coefficient of can conclude that pervious concrete pavements are
Permeability suitable to reduce the storm water runoff, to increase
L 1.83 cm/sec the ground water level, to eliminate the costly storm
M 1.92 cm/sec water management practices. The above experimental
experi
S 1.73 cm/sec work included the compressive strength tests and
T 0 permeability tests for varying size of aggregate. We
can conclude that maximum compressive strength of
28.8 MPa is achieved for the mix consisting of 13 mm
aggregates. 16 mm aggregate has a slightly less l
strength as there are more number of voids generated

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
due to bigger aggregate size. The compressive
strength of mix having aggregate size 10mm has the 6. Gaurav Uttam Shinde and Dr. S. S. Valunjkar, An
least compressive strength among the 3 samples. Experimental Study on Compressive Strength,
Highest compressive strength of pervious concrete Void Ratio and Infiltration Rate of Pervious
can be achieved by using optimum size of aggregate. Concrete, International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT), 4(4), 2015, 16-
The permeability of the concrete with 13 mm 19.
aggregate is found to be highest due to the optimum
balance between number and size of voids and the 7. Saurabh Mehta, Yash Shah, Vijay Surti and Rahul
aggregate size. The coefficient of permeability in this Shah, Study on Compressive Strength and
case was found to be 1.92 cm/sec. The concrete permeability of Pervious Concrete, International
sample with larger 16 mm aggregate develops the Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
slurry of cement at the bottom which slightly reduces (IJERT), 5(4), 2016, 669-671.
the permeability. Due to smaller size aggregates the
pores will be of smaller size and lesser 8. M. Neamitha and T.M. Supraja, Influence of
interconnectivity, as a result the concrete mix with 10 Water Cement Ratio and The Size of Aggregate
mm size aggregate has the least coefficient of on The Properties Of Pervious Concrete,
permeability. International Refereed Journal of Engineering
and Science (IRJES), 6(4), 2017, 09-16.
Pervious concrete pavements are extensively used
worldwide these days because of their environmental 9. Tejas Joshi and Dr. Urmil Dave, Evaluation Of
benefits, hydraulic and durability properties. Strength, Permeability and Void Ratio of Pervious
Optimum size of aggregate can be used to achieve the Concrete with Changing W/C Ratio and
maximum strength and permeability parameters of Aggregate Size, International Journal of Civil
pervious concrete. Thus economy in design and most Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 7(4),
efficient use of resources can be achieved. 2016, 276-284.

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