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This document discusses various dewatering techniques used in civil engineering projects involving excavations below the water table. It describes ditches and sumps, the well point system, deep well systems, vacuum methods, and electro-osmosis methods. The well point system involves inserting perforated pipes with screens and valves into the ground to lower the water table by pumping water from the surrounding soil. Deep well systems use multiple well points spaced 1-2 meters apart for deeper excavations over 6 meters below the water table. Electro-osmosis methods stabilize fine-grained soils by passing a direct current between electrodes to move soil water toward the negative cathode electrode.

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47 views

Reference

This document discusses various dewatering techniques used in civil engineering projects involving excavations below the water table. It describes ditches and sumps, the well point system, deep well systems, vacuum methods, and electro-osmosis methods. The well point system involves inserting perforated pipes with screens and valves into the ground to lower the water table by pumping water from the surrounding soil. Deep well systems use multiple well points spaced 1-2 meters apart for deeper excavations over 6 meters below the water table. Electro-osmosis methods stabilize fine-grained soils by passing a direct current between electrodes to move soil water toward the negative cathode electrode.

Uploaded by

shubham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dewatering

Techniques
Dewatering
In many Civil Engineering problems,
excavations are carried out below water table for
construction of foundations and basement floors, laying of
sewer lines etc..

Such excavations require lowering of water table to prevent


ravelling or sloughing of the sides and to get dry working
conditions for construction purposes

Drainage is also required for increasing stability by


reducing seepage and pwp
Different methods
Ditches and sumps

Well point system

Deep well system

Vacuum method

Electro-osmosis method
Ditches and Sumps
• Simplest form used in shallow excavations in coarse
grained soils whose permeability is greater than
10-3cm/s

• Shallow pits, called sumps are dug along the


periphery of the area

• Water from the slopes or sides flow under gravity and


is collected in sumps from which it is pumped out.
Well point system

A well point is a perforated pipe about


0.5 to 1m long and 5 to 8cm in diameter,
covered by cylindrical wire gauge screen.

A conical steel drive point is attached to


the lower end of the pipe, with a ball
valve fitted in the point to allow jetting of
water to pass through it for driving it.
• Well points are inserted into ground by jetting

• Emerging jet of water dislodges the soil and the well point can
be lowered to the desired depth

• Jetting of water under pressure also washes the fines around


well point leaving a coarser material and form a natural filter
around well point.

• The well points are placed in rows or ring and the riser pipes
are attached through a common header pipe and connected to a
pump.

• Well points are generally spaced between 1m to 2m


Chennai metro rail project
• For dewatering excavations more than 6m below water table,
multiple well point system is used.
Deep well system
Electro osmosis method
• This method is used for stabilizing fine grained soils

• If direct current is passed between two electrodes into


saturated soil mass, the soil water will travel from the positive
electrode (anode) to the negative electrode (cathode)

• The cathode is made in the form of a metal tube for pumping


water

• A steel rod or pipe or sheet piling can serve as the anode

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