LATIHAN: ALKANA DAN ALKENA

1 Table 1.0 shows the molecular formulae and observation for three compounds when its react
with Bromine water.
Jadual 1.0 menunjukkan formula molekul dan pemerhatian bagi tiga sebatian apabila
bertindakbals dengan air Bromin.

Compound Molecular Formula Observation

Sebatian Formula Molekul Pemerhatian
P C2H4 Brown colour is decolourized
Warna perang menjadi tidak berwarna

Q C2H6 Brown colour remains

Warna perang tidak berubah

R C4H10

…………………………………………….
(a) Name the homologous series for these compounds.
Namakan siri homolog bagi sebatian-sebatian ini.
i)
P : .................................................................

Q : ………………………………….. ...........................
[ 2 marks ]

ii) Write the general formula for the homologous series of the compound Q and R?
Apakah formula am bagi siri homolog bagi sebatian Q dan R?

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[ 1 mark ]

iii) In Table 1.0, complete the observation when compound R react with bromine
water.
Dalam Jadual 1.0, lengkapkan pemerhatian yang berlaku apabila sebatian R
bertindakbalas dengan air Bomin.
[ 1 mark ]

iv) In Table 1.0 , name other substance can replace Bromine water.
Dalam Jadual 1.0, namakan bahan lain yang boleh menggantikan air bromin.

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[ 1 mark ]
]
v) Explain why compound P are chemically more reactive than compound Q.
Jelaskan mengapa sebatian P secara kimianya lebih reaktif berbanding sebatian Q.

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[ 1 mark ]

(b) One mole of compound P and Q undergoes complete combustion to form gas X and water.
Satu mol sebatian P dan Q ini mengalami pembakaran lengkap untuk menghasilkan gas X
dan air.

i) State the name of gas X.

Nyatakan nama gas X.

…………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
[ 1 mark ]

ii) Write the balance chemical equation when compound P or Q reacts with oxygen.
Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang apabila sebatian P atau Q bertindak balas
 dengan oksigen.

…………………………………………………………………………..........................................................
[ 1 mark ]
[ 1 markah ]
iii) Explain why the compound P burn with sootier flames as compared to
compound Q.
Jelaskan mengapa sebatian P terbakar dengan penghasilan jelaga yang lebih
banyak dari sebatian Q.

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[2 marks ]

2 Table 5 shows the melting points and boiling points of some alkanes.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan takat lebur dan takat didih bagi beberapa alkana.

Number of carbon atoms

Melting point Boiling point
Alkanes per molecule
Takat lebur Takat didih
Alkana Bilangan atom karbon
(o C) (o C)
per molekul

Methane
1 -182 -162
Metana
Ethane
2 -183 - 89
Etana
Propane
3 -188 - 42
Propana

J 4 -138 -1

Pentane
5 -130 36
Pentana
Hexane
6 -95 69
Heksana
(a) Based on the data in Table 5, answer the following questions
Berdasarkan data dalam Jadual 5, jawab soalan-soalan berikut.

(i) Plot a graph of boiling point against number of carbon atoms per molecule.

Plotkan graf takat didih melawan bilangan atom karbon per molekul.
[3 marks]

(ii) Explain why the boiling point of alkanes increases as the number of carbon atoms in
alkanes molecules increases.

Terangkan mengapa takat didih alkana bertambah apabila bilangan atom karbon per
molekul alkana bertambah.

…………………………………………………………….………………………......................................................

…………………………………………………………………………………….......................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) Give the physical state of hexane at room temperature.

Beri keadaan fizik heksana pada suhu bilik.
 ...............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Draw all of the structural formulae of isomers for alkanes J and name the isomers using
IUPAC nomenclature system.

Lukiskan semua formula struktur isomer J dan namakan isomernya mengikut sistem IUPAC.

[4 marks]

3. Diagram 3.1 shows the changes of a carbon compound involving a series of reaction.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan perubahan suatu sebatian karbon yang melibatkan beberapa siri tindak
balas.

Porcelain
Chips
Serpihan porselin
Butanol Butene H2 Butane
Butanol Heat Butena Heat Butana
Panas Panas
(a) Write the molecular formula of butane.
Tuliskan formula molekul bagi butana.

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[1 mark]

(b) Draw the structural formulae of two isomers of butane.

Lukiskan formula struktur bagi dua isomer butana.
[2 marks]

(c) Table 6 shows the results of a test to differentiate between butane and butene.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan keputusan ujian untuk membandingkan antara butana dan butena.

Procedure Observation
Prosedur Pemerhatian

Bromine water is added to butene. Brown colour is decolourised.

Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butena. Warna perang dinyahwarnakan.

Bromine water is added to butane. Brown colour remains.

Air bromin ditambahkan kepada butana. Warna perang kekal.

Based on Table 6, explain why there is a difference in these observations.

Berdasarkan Jadual 6, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dalam pemerhatian ini.
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[2 marks]

(d) Butene reacts with hydrogen to produce butane. Write the chemical equation of the
reaction.
Butena bertindak balas dengan hidrogen untuk menghasilkan butana.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

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[2 marks]

(e) Butene can be obtained from the reaction of butanol through dehydration process.
Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment.

Butena boleh didapati daripada tindak balas butanol melalui proses penghidratan.
Lukis gambar rajah berlabel susunan radas untuk eksperimen ini.

[2 marks]
(f) Diagram 3.2 shows the burning of hexane and hexene in air.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan pembakaran heksana dan heksena dalam udara.

Soot
Jelaga

Filter paper
Kertas turas

Porcelain dish
Mangkuk pijar

Hexane Hexene
Heksana Heksena

Compare the sootiness of hexane and hexene. Explain.

Bandingkan kejelagaan bagi heksana dan heksena. Terangkan.

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[2 marks]

4. ESEI PERCUBAAN KIMIA PERLIS 2010

(a) Alkene X contains four carbon atoms and is able to show isomerism.
Draw and name the structural formulae of two isomers of alkene X.
Alkena X mengandungi empat atom karbon dan boleh menunjukkan keisomeran.
Lukis dan namakan dua formula struktur bagi dua isomer alkena X.
[4 marks]

(b) Table 9 shows the information of compound P and compound Q.

Jadual 9 menunjukkan maklumat mengenai sebatian P dan sebatian Q.

Compound P Compound Q
Sebatian P Sebatian Q
Has 4 carbon atoms Has 4 carbon atoms
Mempunyai 4 atom karbon Mempunyai 4 atom karbon

Unsaturated hydrocarbon Saturated hydrocarbon

Hidrokarbon tidak tepu Hidrokarbon tepu

Based on the information in Table 9

Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual 9

 draw the structural formulae

lukis formula struktur

 name the functional group

namakan kumpulan berfungsi

 write the general formula

tulis formula am

for compound P and compound Q.

untuk sebatian P dan sebatian Q.
[6 marks]