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Formative and Summative

Formative evaluation is conducted during instruction to improve the learning process, while summative evaluation assesses learning outcomes at the end. Formative evaluation identifies weaknesses and allows teachers to address them, taking a short time. Summative evaluation determines if goals were met and provides grades, taking a long time. Examples of formative evaluation include observations and peer assessments during class, while examples of summative evaluation include final exams and standardized tests at the end.

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Anbu Andal
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164 views

Formative and Summative

Formative evaluation is conducted during instruction to improve the learning process, while summative evaluation assesses learning outcomes at the end. Formative evaluation identifies weaknesses and allows teachers to address them, taking a short time. Summative evaluation determines if goals were met and provides grades, taking a long time. Examples of formative evaluation include observations and peer assessments during class, while examples of summative evaluation include final exams and standardized tests at the end.

Uploaded by

Anbu Andal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPARING FORMATIVE EVALUATION AND SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

Attributes Formative Evaluation Summative Evaluation


Concepts  Scriven (1967) state that formative  Scriven (1967) state that
evaluation was intended to foster summative evaluation
development and improvement within was used to assess
ongoing activity. whether the results of the
object being evaluated
 Scriven (1991) confirm that formative met stated goals.
evaluation is typically conducted
during the development or  Bhola (1990) state that
improvement of a product and it is summative evaluation is a
conducted often more than once. method of judging the
worth of a program at the
 Robert Stakes state that “when the end of the program
cook tastes the soup, that’s formative, activities. The focus is on
when the guests taste the soup, that’s the outcome.
summative”
Implementation  It’s happen during instructional  It’s happen in a given
process. periodically to determine
at a particular point in
time.
Duration  Take a short time.  Take a long time.
Area  Test of specific skills, concepts, and  Test general/overall
objective. concepts, skills and/ or
 Ideally test every concept, which has
terminal objectives.
been taught.  The combination of all
skills and concepts.
Purpose  To help the students during the  Summative evaluation
instructional process because of the provides information on
formative evaluation is implemented the product’s efficacy.
 Used to determine
during the teaching and learning
process. students’ grades and
 Determine specific skills, concepts report them.
 Used as a basis for
and objectives which students have
not mastered. subsequent revision or
 Provides immediate feedback to redesign of a course or
students on their learning program
 Determine program/
performance: often suggest learning
activities. course effectiveness
 Identifies specific weakness in
ongoing instruction (material and
teaching procedures) allowing the
teacher to remedy the instructions.
Examples  Criteria and goal setting  State assessment
o Engages students in  End-of-unit or chapter
instruction and the learning tests
 End-of-term or semester
process by creating clear
exams
expectations.
 Scores that are used for
 Observations
o Teacher observes to identify accountability for schools
the students that need and student (report card
clarification. grades)
o Observation assist teacher in
gathering evidence of student
learning to inform instructional
planning.
 Questioning strategies
o Elicit immediate information
about students learning
 Self and peer assessments
o With peer evaluation, students
see each other as resources
for understanding and
checking for quality work
against previously established
criteria.
 Students record keeping
o Helps students better
understand their own learning
as evidence of their classroom
work (worksheet etc. )

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