ISSN(Online): 2320-9801

ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2015

Design and Implementation of VGA

Controller on FPGA
Renuka A. Wasu, Vijay R. Wadhankar
Research Scholar, Dept. of ENC, Agnihotri College of Engineering, Nagthana Road, Wardha(M.S), India.
H.O.D, Dept. of ENC, Agnihotri College of Engineering, Nagthana Road, Wardha (M.S), India.

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the design and implementation of VGA Controller. As a standard display interface,
VGA (Video Graphics Array) has been widely used. Detailed information of this paper is focused on the system
architecture, hardware design and software programming. This controller is developed using Verilog HDL based in the
IEEE standards, to ensure the portability with any user. The system can display any image. The results show that this
proposed algorithm gives good performance with short processingtime, small power consumption and memory usage

KEYWORDS: VGA Controller; Altera Quartus II; DE2-115 Development Board;Verilog

I. INTRODUCTION

A well-known standard interface VGA is used in many embedded systems video surveillance systems, ATM
machines, video players, or video conferencing. This system provides a simple method to connect a system with a
monitor for showing images or information. Depending on the needs of these applications, some systems may not
require a high display quality. Therefore, VGA controller, which is a logic circuit to control the VGA interface, can be
easily realized by FPGA technology with a low cost and high flexibility.

Industrial production machines of today must be highly flexible in order to fulfil all unplanned demands. FPGA are
especially suited to fulfil these requirements. FPGA provides an impacted size and low power consumption solution.
For study, research and experimentation, the emerging technology of FPGA made VGA controller design accessible
and suitable.
In this paper, the Altera’s FPGA is used for the hardware circuit. We take top-down programming methodology and
adopt the integrated tools (Quartus version 13.0). After designing, compilation, function simulation, layout and timing
simulation done and each module can be downloaded into FPGA. This method can reduce the size of the circuit board
and enhance reliability of system and design flexibility. As a result, it can reduce the system cost.

II. RELATED WORK

In [1] paper designing is done by using VHDL and implement it on Cyclone EPIC6Q240C8, this device is
currently not available with Quartus II version 13.0.
In [2]paper, designing of VGA Controller is based on FSM and implements it on Xilinx xcSpartan3s tool,
where utilization of LUT’s and IOE is more than 5%.
In [3] paper, designing is done by using VHDL and image is send by mobile to FPGA and displayed it on
screen.
In [4] paper, a VGA monitor Controller built with just two 10 bit binary up counter, four SR flop-flops, and 11
AND gates. And implemented on UP2 development board.
In [5] paper, they interface a VGA port available on FPGA board to generate the character(s) from ASCII text
characters.They organized the 640x480 display area into "tiles" where each tile represents a character location. In this
project, the font size of each character is 16x8(height & Width). This font will display 80 text characters in each line
Mapped onto a 640x480 display (i.e., 640 pixels divided by 8 columns per character) and 30 lines (480 / 16). Each of
the 640x480 pixels in the display are associated with one of the 80x30 character locations.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/ijircce.2015. 0307104 7224

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2015

III. PROPOSED WORK

A. Proposed Block Diagram:

Fig1. Proposed Block Diagram

Fig.2. Internal Block Diagram Of VGA Controller.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/ijircce.2015. 0307104 7225

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2015

B. Description of the Proposed Diagram:

Figure 1 & 2 shows, the proposed block diagram of VGA Controller, which consist reset, clock generated block and
VGA Controller block. And the internal block diagram of VGA Controller which consists VGA synchronization block,
address generator block, image data block, and image index block.
As input we have to give clock pulse and reset signal and at output, we will get RGB (red, green, blue), horizontal
synchronization, vertical synchronization and blanking signals.

Referred to Fig. 1 & 2, the function of reset block is to generate the reset signal and the function of “clock
generator” block is to reduce the frequency of input clock from 50 MHz to 25 MHz, as to achieve 640 x 480 resolution.
Meanwhile, “vga_sync” block is used to generate timing and synchronization signals. while the “h_sync” signal
specifies the required time to scan a row, and the “v_sync” signal specifies the required time to scan the entire screen.
“vga_sync” block also generates the “blank” signal which indicates retrace period of the display.
Besides that, “address generator” block is used to generate address for the “img_data” block by using the “h_sync”,
“v_sync” and blanking signal. “img_data” block will get the index data (q) from the MIF file according to the address
generated.
Note that the index data are connected to the “img_index” block to use as the address. The “img_index” block
will get the RGB data (q) from MIF file according to the address generated (index data). The RGB data consist of 24-
bits, whereas “q [23:16] “, “q [15:8]” and “q [7:0]” indicate the “R_data”, “G_data” and “B_data” respectively.

IV. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

A. Designing of VGA Controller:
Designing of VGA Controller was done by using integrated tool Altera Quartus II software version 13.0.Block
wise designing of VGA Controller is as follows:

Step I: Designing of Clock Generator Block:

To obtain the 640 × 480 screen resolution, a clock with a 25.175 MHz frequency is used. This can be done by using
Altera PLL Megafunction.
Megafunctions, such as the ones available in the LPM, are pre-designed modules that you can use in FPGA
designs. These Altera-provided Megafunctions are optimized for speed, area, and device family. You can increase
efficiency by using a megafunction instead of writing the function yourself. By using each PLL, we can create 5 clock
sources.

This design uses a PLL clock source to obtain the 640x480 screen resolution. A PLL uses the on-board oscillator
(which is different for different development boards) to create a constant clock frequency of 25MHz as the input to
VGA controller. To create the clock source, you will add a pre-built LPM megafunction named ALTPLL.

Fig.3. RTL View of Clock Generator Block

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/ijircce.2015. 0307104 7226

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2015

Step II: Designing of VGA Synchronization Block:

For horizontal and vertical sync we required 10 bit counter, as horizontal sync having 800 lines and vertical
sync having 525 lines.Inputs of VGA synchronization block are VGA clock signal and reset signal and outputs are
horizontal synchronization, vertical synchronization and blanking signal.

Fig.4. RTL View of VGA Synchronization Block

Step III: Designing of Image Data Block:

Inputs to this block is address generated by address generator block and clock signal. And output is index
value of image data and that are used as address for image index block.
For this block first we have to extract pixel values from image, for 307200 addresses and then create MIF
(memory initialization file) file.

Megafunctions, such as the ones available in the LPM, are pre-designed modules that you can use in FPGA
designs. These Altera-provided Megafunctions are optimized for speed, area, and device family. You can increase
efficiency by using a megafunction instead of writing the function yourself.This block was designed by using LMP
ROM megafunction.

Fig.5. RTL View of Image Data Block

Step IV: Designing of Image Index Block:

Inputs to this block is address generated by image index block and clock signal. And output are RGB data,
each of 8bit.
For this block first we have to extract 256 color level values from image and then create MIF (memory
initialization file) file.
Megafunctions, such as the ones available in the LPM, are pre-designed modules that you can use in FPGA
designs. These Altera-provided Megafunctions are optimized for speed, area, and device family. You can increase
efficiency by using a megafunction instead of writing the function yourself.This block was designed by using LMP
ROM megafunction.

Fig.6. RTL View of Image Index Block

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/ijircce.2015. 0307104 7227

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2015

Step V:Designing of Reset Block:

Inputs to reset block is clock. And output is reset signal.For generating reset block, there is need of 20 bit
counter.

Fig.7. RTL View of Reset Block

Step VI:Designing of Address Generator Block:

Inputs to Address Generator block are clock, reset, horizontal, vertical synchronization and blanking signal
from VGA synchronization block. And output is address signal for image data block.
It generates 307,200 addresses and for that there is need of 19 bit counter.

B. Implementation Of VGA Controller:

The DE2-115 board includes a 15-pin D-SUB connector for VGA output. The VGA synchronization signals are
provided directly from the Cyclone IV E FPGA, and the Analog Devices ADV7123 triple 10-bit high-speed video
DAC (only the higher 8-bits are used) is used to produce the analog data signals (red, green, and blue). Figure gives the
associated schematic.

Fig 8. Connections between FPGA and VGA

Steps of Implementation:
I. Take DE2-115 Development Board.
II. Connect 12V supply through adapter to turn ON/OFF the board.
III. Connect USB cable to laptop/computer and also to the USB Blaster of the Board.
IV. Open Quartus II software, by double clicking on Quartus II icon.
V. Compile Verilog code in Quartus II.
VI. Assign a pins at pin planner, by using user manual of DE2-115 board.
VII. For program dumping on board, click Tool > Programmer.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/ijircce.2015. 0307104 7228

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2015

Fig.9. Quartus II Programmer Window.

VIII. There are two modes of Programming and they are,

JTAG programming: In this method of programming, named after the IEEE standards Joint Test Action
Group, the configuration bit stream is downloaded directly into the Cyclone IV E FPGA. The FPGA will retain this
configuration as long as power is applied to the board; the configuration information will be lost when the power is
turned off.
AS programming: In this method, called Active Serial programming, the configuration bit stream is
downloaded into the Altera EPCS64 serial configuration device. It provides non-volatile storage of the bit stream, so
that the information is retained even when the power supply to the DE2-115 board is turned off. When the board’s
power is turned on, the configuration data in the EPCS64 device is automatically loaded into the Cyclone IV E FPGA.

IX. Select any programming mode as per choise.

X. Click Start.

Fig 10. Connections between FPGA and VGA

XI. After successful downloading, connect board with moniter by using VGA cable.
XII. And observe the image on screen.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/ijircce.2015. 0307104 7229

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2015

V. SIMULATION RESULTS

In order to be able to see the results obtained from the proposed algorithms on an FPGA, astandard VGA monitor
may be chosen. The system can be connected to any VGA port LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or CRT (Cathode Ray
Tube) monitor. After compilation is completed, download the Verilog Program into the target device
(EP4CE115F29C7). After successfullydownloading, choose working mode of electric circuit and observe image on the
monitor.
Following are simulated results of VGA Controller,

Fig.11.RTL View of VGA Controller Fig.12. RTL View of Internal VGA Controller

Fig.13. Implementation of VGA Controller Fig 14. Final Output Image

VI. CONCLUSION

In the proposed vga control system, show the systematic used of fpga to developed this system, which can
display image or information. This architecture may be used in any fpga device regardless of the brand or model.
Experimental results show processing algorithms programmed by veriloghdl can make design flexible and

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/ijircce.2015. 0307104 7230

 ISSN(Online): 2320-9801
ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer

and Communication Engineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2015

programming conveniently.this method changes traditional design concept of vga display system by using the
programming devices. The controller will be used for image processing research. Vga controller could be
constructed easily without constructing the circuit manually; just to write a programming based on its logic flows,
then simulate it, synthesize it with netlist, and finally program it onto fpga. It is very effective as this vga controller
only needs new data to change to other design display. Thus, fpga-based vga controller might be a good choice as it
is easy to be designed and tiny to be used.

REFERENCES

[1] Fangqin Ying, XiaoqingFeng, “Design and Implementation of VGA Controller Using FPGA”, International Journal of Advancements in
Computing Technology (IJACT), Vol. 4, No. 17, pp. 458-465, Sep 2012.
[2] Ila.Nagarjuna, Pillem. Ramesh, “An FSM Based VGA Controller with 640×480 Resolution”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced
Technology (IJEAT), Vol. 2, Issue – 4, pp. 881-885, April 2013.
[3]M.Bharathi and A.Yogananth, “Design of VGA monitor control using Altera FPGA based system” ,International Journal of VLSI and Embedded
Systems (IJVES), Vol. 5, pp. 866-870, March 2014.
[4] E. Hwang, “Build a VGA Monitor Controller”, Nov. 2004, [Online]. Available: www.circuitcellar.com.
[5] Guohui Wang, Yong Guan and Yan Zhang, “Designing of VGA Character String Display Module Based on FPGA”, International Symposium on
Intelligent Ubiquitous Computing and Education, Chengdu, China 2009.
[6] Khan HumaAftab and MonauwerAlam, “Design of VGA Controller using VHDL for LCD Display using FPGA”, Vol. 4, Issue – 6, pp. 43-49,
June 2014.
[7] Radi H.R, Caleb W.W.K, M.N.ShahZainudin, M.Muzafar Ismail, “The Design and Implementation of VGA Controller on FPGA”, International
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[8] Altera Corporation, “What is an FPGA?” Oct. 26- 2011, [Online]. Available:http://www.altera.com/products/fpga.html.
[9] Altera Corporation, “Introduction to Quartus II”, Feb. 2013, [Online]. Available: http://www.altera.com/education/univ/software/quartus2/
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[10] Wayne Wolf, “FPGA-Based System Design”, Pearson Education Inc., India, 2004.
[11] SamirPalnitkar, Verilog HDL: A Guide to Digital Design and Synthesis”, Sun Microsystems, Inc., USA, 2003.
[12] ALDEC, Inc., “EVITA Enhanced Verilog Tutorial with Applications" 1998, Available: www.aldec.com.
[13] S. Brown and Z. Vranesic, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with Verilog Design”, 2rd ed., McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,
2008,pp.109-114

BIOGRAPHY

Renuka Wasuis a Research Scholar in the Electronics and Communication Department, Agnihotri College of
Engineering, Nagthana road, Wardha (M.S), India. She received Bachelor of Engineering (B.E.) degree in 2013 from
University of Pune, Pune (M.S.), India.

Prof. Vijay R. Wadhankar received his B.E. in Electronics from B.D.C.O.E., Wardha, India and M.Tech in VLSI
from G.H.Raisoni College of Engg., Nagpur, India. He is working as Head of Dept. in Agnihotri College of Engg.
Nagthana road, Wardha, India.

Copyright to IJIRCCE DOI: 10.15680/ijircce.2015. 0307104 7231