Proceedings of National Conference on Technological Developments in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (NCTDCME-18)

SPVP,S.B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur

JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal (ISSN No: 2581-4230)
15th -16th March- 2018
PZT MATERIAL AS AN ENERGY HARVESTER
Prof. Sanjay R Kshirsagar
P. G. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Savitribai Phule University, Pune

Prof. Vinayak R.Ghatage

P. G. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Savitribai Phule University, Pune

Prof. S. G. Kolgiri
Asoc. Professor S.B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur
Savitribai Phule University, Pune

Abstract - The vibration energy created during is field as a function of the input strain and stress as well he
So important and the study of it is rapidly has done the modeling for the relatively new single crystal
increasing since few years as the vibration energy lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN32) and three
contains mechanical energy which is going to different lead zirconate titanate ceramics (PZT-5A, PZT-
waste in this paper the aim is to achieve The 5H, and PZT-4). Material performance was assessed by
wasted mechanical energy with the help of PZT using a common geometry and identical excitation
material. The piezoelectric piezoelectric effect, conditions for the different piezoelectric materials
meaning that the compound changes shape when Hong-yan WANG, Xiao-biao SHAN and Tao XIE [2] in
an electric field is applied. It is used in a number of year 2012 studied a piezoelectric material combined with
practical applications such material has the cantilever beam subjected to SDOF. The main function of
property of converting mechanical energy into the additional SDOF elastic system is to magnify vibration
electrical energy. Recently, much work has been displacement of the piezoelectric cantilever to improve
done on the topic of the harvesting of mechanical the power output. He developed a mathematical model of
vibration energy the energy harvester based on Hamilton’s principle and
Rayleigh-Ritz method. Furthermore, the effects of the
Keywords- Rational; Energy; PZT material; structural parameters of the SDOF elastic system on the
Aluminum beam. electromechanical outputs of the energy harvester are
analyzed numerically.
I. INTRODUCTION Jiyuan Wang [3] considers composite thin plate excited
"Piezo" is a Greek word, it means "to squeeze." by PZT actuators in this work. To describe the dynamic
Piezoelectricity, also called the piezoelectric effect, is the response of the quadrate plate clamped at its boundaries,
ability of certain materials to generate an AC (alternating commercial package FEMLAB3.1 is used to build and
current) when subjected to mechanical stress or simulate a mathematical model. The model is a set of
vibration, or to vibrate when subjected to an AC voltage, nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) with
or both. The most common piezoelectric material is spatial discontinuous coefficients, which is developed on
quartz. Certain ceramics, Rochelle salts, and various other the basis of the Kirchhoff–Love plate theory, Von-Karman
solids also exhibit this effect. When the piezoelectric nonlinear strain-displacement relationship, and the
elements are strained by an external force, displaced macroscopic and quasi-static piezoelectric polarization.
electrical charge accumulates on opposing surfaces. The Ming Li [4] presents an energy harvester employing a
piezoelectric effect is a reversible process In this the cantilever beam and a magnetostrictive/piezoelectric
internal generation of electrical charge is resulting from (ME) laminate transducer to transform rotation energy
an applied mechanical force and the reverse piezoelectric into electrical energy. The harvester has a magnetic circuit
effect is that internal generation of a mechanical strain attached to the free end of the beam, and the ME
resulting from an applied electrical field. transducer is placed in the air gap of the magnetic circuit.
He summarized as the harvester should be designed to
II. LITERATURE REVIEW achieve the second-order super-harmonic resonance at
Mechanical vibrations can be converted into electrical the target rotation frequency if possible.
energy by electromagnetic, electrostatic and piezoelectric
energy harvesting. Piezoelectric energy harvesting has III.EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS
received the most attention among the aforementioned From literature review it is found than the cantilever
methods because of its structural simplicity, high-voltage system generates maximum voltage and I found one
generation, and potential to operate without additional research paper of HONG YAN WANG in that he stated we
electrical power sources as many researchers done work can obtain the maximum energy when cantilever beam
on that. subjected to additional SDOF system is used.
D. P. D’Souza [1] used the COMSOL Metaphysics finite Experimentation is one of the scientific research
element package to study the direct piezoelectric effect methods, perhaps the most recognizable; In order to find
when an external load is applied at the free end of a out voltage rate generated by PZT5A patch with cantilever
piezoelectric composite beam. He studied the primary beam subjected to SDOF elastic system following
output parameters such as electric potential and electric instrumentation is required.

181 | P a g e
 Proceedings of National Conference on Technological Developments in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (NCTDCME-18)
SPVP,S.B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal (ISSN No: 2581-4230)
15th -16th March- 2018
THE EXCITATION EQUIPMENT amplitude to 20µm by fine adjustment of input current
In order to give harmonic excitation to the system an from amplifier the voltage measurement is started with
EXCITER is used. the help of MATLAB interfaced circuit.
Matlab interfaced device for voltage measurement
Pizzo input is the input signal of the system. IV. RESULTS
The Sensing Equipment Frequency Voltage readings
An accelerometer is a sensing element that measures X axis Y axis
acceleration Accelerometers have developed from a Frequency (Hz) Voltage (V)
simple water tube with an air bubble that showed the
direction of the acceleration to an integrated circuit that 40 4.49E-03
can be placed on a circuit board. Accelerometers can 80 2.299
measure: vibrations, shocks, tilt, impacts and motion of an 120 0.1998
object. 160 0.3327
200 0.65
Data Acquisition and Processing Equipment
A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is an algorithm to
Graph
compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its
inverse. A Fourier transform converts time (or space) to
frequency and vice versa; an FFT rapidly computes such
transformations by factorizing the DFT matrix into a
product of sparse (mostly zero) factors. Before the
mathematical FFT process can be applied, a certain
amount of data representing the waveform has to be
stored in memory as a so-called “time record”. The
minimum duration of this time record is the period of the
lowest frequency to be processed. The time this takes is
called collection time. Then the whole waveform is
analyzed in one go and mathematically converted into a
series of sine waves of different amplitudes, frequencies
and phases. The result is an analysis of the whole
spectrum part at a certain point in time.

Experimentation V. CONCLUSION FOR EXPERIMENT

In this Experimentation we study of Finite element
1. The aluminium plate of size - 300Х50Х3mm is taken as
modeling of a cantilever beam bonded by piezoelectric
beam and at the tip of the beam the PZT5A patch of size
100Х50Х2mm is fixed with the help of Araldite. material PZT5A and a single degree of freedom elastic
system subjected to harmonic excitation is carried out.
2. These configurations are fixed on the lumped mass
For experimental analysis setup of cantilever beam with
with help of bolts as seen in image of experimental setup.
PZT5A and SDOF is developed. Experimental result shows
3. For SDOF system the steel rod working as spring and
damping elements. This steel rod is fixed at the bottom of maximum voltage 2.29 volt is generated at its first natural
frequency 80HZ and it drop at next excitation frequency
lumped mass with the help of stud.
4. Above three steps gives the actual model preparation. and increased for the second natural frequency of 160HZ.
This model is fixed on the exciter of 100N capacity by
preparing threads in the steel rod. After assembly of FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
apparatus in vibration analyzer, measurement scheme The finite element analysis of cantilever beam with
has to be made, in analyzer proper selection of sensors PZTA material subjected to SDOF elastic system is carried
and their channel is made. Measurement parameters are out by using ANSYS software.
defined i.e. measurement of displacement amplitude vs. Preprocessor input data
time with channel 1 and channel 2, to which  Size of the substrate (AL) plate- 300x50x3mm
accelerometers are to be connected. To trig/tacho  Size of Piezoelectric Plate-100x50x2mm
channel digital stroboscope is to be set.  Aluminum: Density= 2700 kg/m3.
5. All sensors should be attached to vibration analyzer E= 0.70 e11Pa.
when it is in power off mode. Proper connections of all µ=0.35.
sensors are made. Various sensors used are  PZT5A: Density= 7750 kg/m3
accelerometers and digital stroboscope.  Elements used
6. The accelerometers are attached to system as shown in For ‘Al’: Solid – brick 8node 185
Figure 3.5 to give the constant input amplitude of 20µm For ‘PZT’: Coupled field Brick 20 node 226
by adjusting the input current. I am working on very important assumption that the
7. The system is connected to the microcontroller based contact surface between beam and PZT5A material is
circuit to measure the voltage generated in the system perfectly rigid. In FEA we used contact pair between them.
and it is MATLAB interfaced.
8. By changing the input frequencies from 40HZ, 80HZ,
120HZ,160HZ and 200HZ and by setting the operating
182 | P a g e
 Proceedings of National Conference on Technological Developments in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (NCTDCME-18)
SPVP,S.B. Patil College of Engineering, Indapur
JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal (ISSN No: 2581-4230)
15th -16th March- 2018
VI. FEA RESULT

VII. CONCLUSION
In this FEA study of a cantilever beam bonded by
piezoelectric material PZT5A and a single degree of
freedom elastic system subjected to harmonic excitation
is carried out. For finite element analysis ANSYS software
is used and the SOFTWARE result shows maximum
voltage 2.35 volt is generated at its first natural frequency
80HZ and it drop at next excitation frequency and
increased for the second natural frequency of 160HZ.

VIII. VALIDATION & RESULT DISCUSSION

Experimental
Finite element analysis
analysis
Sr. Percentage
no. error.
Frequenc Voltage Frequenc Voltage
y (HZ) (V) y (HZ) (V)

1 80 2.29 80 2.35 2.55

2 120 0.1998 120 0.21 4.85

3 160 0.3327 160 0.35 4.94

4 200 0.65 200 0.68 4.41

Average 4.18

REFERENCES
1) D. P. D’Souza “On certain integrals of Lipschitz-
Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions,”
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529-551,
April 1955. (references)
2) Wang et al. / J Zhejiang University-Science
(AppliedPhysics&Engineering) (An
energyharvesercombining a piezoelectriccantilever
and a single degree of freedomelasticsystem) 2012-
13(7):526-537.
3) Jiyuan Wang ExcpertfromtheProceedings of the
COMSOL MultiphysicsUser'sConference 2005
Stockholm
4) Ming li, yumeiwen, ping li, jin yang, xianzhidai /
Sensors and Actuators A (A
rotationenergyharvesteremploying cantiléver beam
and magneto strictive /piezoel ectriclaminate
transducer) 166 (2011) 102–110.

183 | P a g e