DATA PENGAMATAN

1. Indeks bias dari kurva kalibrasi

2. Kondisi operasi
 Pemanas minyak = 90 OC
 Temperatur Uap = 80 OC
3. Tabel Kurva Kalibrasi

Tabel.1 Larutan Standar untuk Kurva Kalibrasi

Ethanol Aquadest n ethanol X ethanol Indeks Bias

(mL) (mL) (mol) 𝒏 𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍

( )
𝒏 𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍+𝒏 𝒂𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒕
10 0 0,185 1 1,3607
9 1 0,166 0,74 1,3573
8 2 0,148 0,55 1,3525
7 3 0,129 0,42 1,3474
6 4 0,11 0,31 1,3424
5 5 0,09 0,24 1,3420
4 6 0,07 0,17 1,3416
3 7 0,06 0,13 1,3389
2 8 0,04 0,08 1,3373
1 9 0,02 0,04 1,3352
0 10 0 0 1,3331

Diketahui :
Massa piknometer = 32,4440 gram
Massa piknometer + ethanol = 53,8845 gram
Massa piknometer + air = 59,1052 gram
PENGOLAHAN DATA

 Mencari ρ ethanol

𝟓𝟑,𝟖𝟖𝟒𝟓−𝟑𝟐,𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎
ρ ethanol = = 0,85 gr/mL
𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝑳

 Mencari ρ air

𝟓𝟗,𝟏𝟎𝟓𝟐 −𝟑𝟐,𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟎 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎

ρ air = = 1,06 gr/mL
𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝑳

 Menghitung mol ethanol dan air dalam larutan standar

 ethanol 10 mL  air 0 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 10 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 0 mL

= 8,5 gram = 0 gram

n = 𝟖, 𝟓 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟎 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,185 mol = 0 mol

 ethanol 9 mL  air 1 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 9 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 1 mL

= 7,65 gram = 1,06 gram

n = 𝟕, 𝟔𝟓 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟏, 𝟎𝟔 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,166 mol = 0,06 mol

 ethanol 8 mL  air 2 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 8 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 2 mL

= 6,8 gram = 2,12 gram

n = 𝟔, 𝟖 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟐, 𝟏𝟐 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,148 mol = 0,12 mol

 ethanol 7 mL  air 3 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 7 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 3 mL

= 5,95 gram = 3,18 gram

n = 𝟓, 𝟗𝟓 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟑, 𝟏𝟖 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,129 mol = 0,18 mol
 ethanol 6 mL  air 4 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 6 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x mL

= 5,1 gram = 4,24 gram

n = 𝟓, 𝟏 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟒, 𝟐𝟒 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,11 mol = 0,24 mol

 ethanol 5 mL  air 5 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 5 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 5 mL

= 4,25 gram = 5,3 gram

n = 𝟒, 𝟐𝟓 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟓, 𝟑 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,09 mol = 0,29 mol

 ethanol 4 mL  air 6 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 4 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 6 mL

= gram = 6,36 gram

n = 𝟑, 𝟒 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟔, 𝟑𝟔 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,07 mol = 0,35 mol

 ethanol 3 mL  air 7 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 3 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 7 mL

= 2,55 gram = 7,42 gram

n = 𝟐, 𝟓𝟓𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟕, 𝟒𝟐 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,06 mol = 0,41 mol

 ethanol 2 mL  air 8 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 2 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 8 mL

= 1,7 gram = 8,48 gram

n = 𝟏, 𝟕 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟖, 𝟒𝟖 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,04 mol = 0,47 mol

 ethanol 1 mL  air 9 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 1 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 9 mL

= 0,85 gram = 9,54 gram
 n = 𝟎, 𝟖𝟓 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟗, 𝟓𝟒 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖
= 0,02 mol = 0,53 mol

 ethanol 0 mL  air 10 mL

m = 0,85 gr/mL x 0 mL m = 1,06 gr/mL x 10 mL

= 0 gram = 10,6 gram

n = 𝟎 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟒𝟔 n = 𝟏𝟎, 𝟔 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎⁄𝟏𝟖

= 0 mol = 0,6 mol

Kurva Kalibrasi Ethanol

1.365
1.36
1.355
y = 0,0282x + 1,335
Indeks Bias

1.35 R² = 0,9728
1.345
1.34
1.335
1.33
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
X ethanol
Tabel 2. Indeks Bias Sampel

Waktu V ethanol (mL) Indeks Bias Kurva Kalibrasi 𝟏

(menit) 𝑿𝒅 − 𝑿𝒘
Distilat Residu Distilat Residu Xd Xw

0 3,2 1,3512 1,3360 0,57 0,039 1,88

15 1,3514 1,3370 0,58 0,072 1,96
30 3,8 1,3532 1,3386 0,65 0,095 1,80
45 35,9 1,0 1,3564 1,3426 0,76 0,163 1,67
60 36,4 1,3620 1,3376 0,96 0,192 1,30
75 49,8 0,8 1,3615 1,3364 0,94 0,245 1,43

Volume aquadest dalam labu distilasi = 1500 mL

Volume ethanol dalam labu distilasi = 1500 mL

Persamaan kurva kalibrasi ethanol

y = 0,0282x + 1,335

Kurva 1/(Xd-Xw) vs Xw
2.5

1.88 ; 0,039 1.8 ; 0,095

2
1.67 ; 0,163
1.43 ; 0,245
1 / (Xd -Xw)

1.3 ; 0,192
1.5 1.96 ; 0,072

0.5

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Xw

Persamaan Luas Rayleigh

𝑾𝒐 𝟏
ln 𝑾𝟏 =  𝑿𝒅−𝑿𝒘

𝑾𝒐
ln 𝑾𝟏 = Luas daerah dibawah kurva
= Luas trapesium
𝒂+ 𝒃
= ⅀ xt
𝟐
 𝟏,𝟖𝟖+𝟏,𝟗𝟔 𝟏,𝟗𝟔+𝟏,𝟖
= { x (0,072 – 0,039)} + { x (0,095 – 0,072)} +
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏,𝟖+𝟏,𝟔𝟕 𝟏,𝟑+𝟏,𝟔𝟕
{ x (0,163 – 0,095)} + { x (0,192 – 0,163)} +
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏,𝟒𝟑+𝟏,𝟑
{ x (0,245 – 0,192)}
𝟐
= 0,064 + 0,043 + 0,118 + 0,043 + 0,072
= 0,34

𝑾𝒐
= 𝒆𝟎,𝟑𝟒
𝑾𝟏
= 1,405

𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍 𝒖𝒎𝒑𝒂𝒏

Wo = 𝝆 𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒐𝒍
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝑳
= 𝟎,𝟖𝟓 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎/𝒎𝑳
= 1764,7 gram

𝑾𝒐
W1 = 𝒆𝟎,𝟑𝟒
𝟏𝟕𝟔𝟒,𝟕 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎
= 𝟏,𝟒𝟎𝟓
= 1256,01 gram

Wdestilat = 1764,7 – 1256,01 = 508,69 gram