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Measurements: Tar Et

This document discusses key concepts in measurements and dimensional analysis: 1) A physical quantity has a unique set of dimensions, while a dimensional formula can represent multiple quantities. 2) An instrument has high precision if repeated measurements are constant to three significant figures, but may be inaccurate if zero error is not considered. 3) Dimensional analysis can be used to check the physical correctness of equations, though being dimensionally correct does not guarantee being physically correct.

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Ijaz Talib
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35 views

Measurements: Tar Et

This document discusses key concepts in measurements and dimensional analysis: 1) A physical quantity has a unique set of dimensions, while a dimensional formula can represent multiple quantities. 2) An instrument has high precision if repeated measurements are constant to three significant figures, but may be inaccurate if zero error is not considered. 3) Dimensional analysis can be used to check the physical correctness of equations, though being dimensionally correct does not guarantee being physically correct.

Uploaded by

Ijaz Talib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Chapter 01: Measurements

01 Measurements

1. A given dimensional formula may represent 8. The number 37800 has three significant digits
two or more physical quantities. But given a because the terminal zeros in a number
physical quantity, it has unique dimensions. without a decimal point are not significant. All
zeros occuring between two non-zero digits
2. [A] = [M1L1T−2]
are significant.
[mass]
[m] = C
[length] 9. QA=B+
= [M1L−1T0] D+E
[A] [M1L1T −2 ] ∴ [D] = [E]
[B] = =  C   C  C
[m] [M1L−1T 0 ] ∴ [A] = [B] =  =  =  
= [M0L2T−2] D+E D E 
This is a dimensional formula for latent heat. ∴ [A] = [B] = [M0LT−1]
3. An instrument is said to have a high degree of C 0 −1
 D  = [A] = [M LT ]
precision if measured value remains  
unchanged over number of readings repeated.  C   M LT 
0 0

Here readings are constant upto three [D] = [E] =  −1  =  0 −1  = [T]


significant figures. Hence average  LT   M LT 
measurement is precise. But, as zero error is
A2B
not considered readings are inaccurate. 10. Given X =
C1/3 D3
q q q2 Taking logarithm of both sides,
5. Capacitance, C = = =
V work / charge W 1
log X = 2 log A + log B − log C − 3log D
[C1 ]2 3
∴ [C] = = [M−1L−2T2C2] Partially differentiating,
[M1L2 T −2 ]
δX δA δB 1 δC δD
=2 + − −3
6. Two full turns of circular scale covers distance X A B 3 C D
of 1 mm. Hence one full turn will cover δA
distance of 0.5 mm. Percentage error in A = 2 = 2 × 1% = 2%
A
0.5
∴ L.C. of given instrument = δB
50 Percentage error in B = = 3%
B
Diameter = Zero error + MSR + CSR × LC
1 δC 1 4
0.5 Percentage error in C = = × 4% = %
= 0.02 + 4 + 37 × 3 C 3 3
50
δD
= 4.39 mm Percentage error in D = 3 = 3 × 5% = 15%
D
A x The minimum percentage error is contributed
7. In the expression, U =
x2 + B by C. Hence the correct choice is (C).
B must have the dimensions of x2 i.e., [L2] 11. E = [M1L2T−2], G = [M−1L3T−2], I = [M1L1T−1]
1 2 −2
Ux 2  M L T  L  GI2 M  [M −1L3T −2 ][M1L1T −1 ]2 [M1 ]
2

Dimensions of A = = ∴  2 =
x L1/ 2  E  [M1L2T −2 ]2
= [M1L7/2T−2] = [M0L1T0]
∴ AB = [M L T ] [L ] = [M1L11/2T−2]
1 7/2 −2 2
This is the dimension of wavelength.
1
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XI : Triumph Physics
12. Mere dimensional correctness of an equation
does not ensure its physical correctness. A
dimensionally correct equation may or may
not be physically correct but a dimensionally
incorrect equation is definitely incorrect.
13. Percentage error
∆r
= 3 × 100
r
0.4
=3× × 100 = 19.35%
6.2
Nearest answer is option (C).
14. Here [N] = [M0L−2T−1]
[n1] = [n2] = [M0L−3T0]
and [z1] = [z2] = [M0L1T0]
[N]
Hence [D] = × [z1]
[n1 ]
[M 0L−2T −1 ]
= 0 −3 0
× [M0L1T0]
[M L T ]
= [M0L2T−1]
15. As zero of circular scale is above the reference
line of graduation, zero correction is positive
and zero error is negative
∴ Zero error = − 4 × 10−3 cm
16. Relative velocity is defined as the time rate of
change of relative position of one object with
respect to another. It is not the ratio of similar
quantities.
17. M.S.D. = 3.48 cm, V.S.D. = 6
L.C. = 0.01 cm
∴ observed internal diameter of calorimeter
D0 = M.S.D. + (V.S.D. × L.C.)
= 3.48 + (6 × 0.01) = 3.48 + 0.06
D0 = 3.54 cm
zero error = −0.03 cm
Since, zero error is negative, it is added into
observed reading.
Corrected internal diameter,
D = D0 + zero error
D = 3.54 + 0.03 = 3.57 cm
18. M.S.D. = 6.4 cm, V.S.D. = 4
L.C = 0.01 cm
∴ observed depth of beaker
= M.S.D. + (V.S.D. × L.C.) = 6.4 + (4 × 0.01)
= 6.4 + 0.04 = 6.44 cm
Here zero error = 0
∴ Actual depth of beaker = observed depth of
beaker = 6.44 cm.

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