International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 6 Issue: 6 154 - 156

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Lift Control System Based on PLC

Mrs. M. D. Balsaraf Mrs. V. S. Takate Mrs. A. S. Jondhale

Instrumentation & Control Instrumentation & Control Instrumentation & Control
PREC, Loni PREC, Loni PREC, Loni
Loni, India India Loni, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— In this paper we are scheming and construct three level elevator control system and increase its steady state & stability by using a
(PLC) programmable logic controller (Allen Bradley Micrologix-1400 BXBA) the software used for communication is RSLogix-500/5000
PLC’S [1]. These are useful in industrial automation where numbers of equipments are replaced by contactor and switches. In this paper
Elevator is nothing but the vertical carrying device which is used to transfer the goods and peoples. Limit switch is used for the floor suggestion.
The limit switch is used for positioning of floor. DC motor is used for movement of elevator filing cabinet. Electromagnetic type relay is used in
organize circuit to control elevator in upward and downward track. As the India is developing country and there are wide increase in high rise
buildings and malls. Elevator is integral part of infrastructure by implementing such paper we can reduce the human efforts, accident due to
breakage of rope, efficiency and speed of elevator is improved. Even the time can be consumed by using such system. This paper mainly
concentrates on programmable logic controller to control the circuit and building the elevator model. In this paper Three level efficient elevator
control system is designed which can be used for different elevator control system having different number of floors.

Keywords- PLC, Elevator, limit switch, relay, rope, Push buttons.

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I. INTRODUCTION option of reconfiguring the FPGAs by software makes it better

option ([5], [6]).PLC’s are still preferred in industrial and
Due to the cause of rapid population growth at the cities and automation applications but it does not cover all the practical
multi-stored buildings, the need of elevators is being increased. applications. For this reason, researchers are still investigating
Elevator system is more useful by expanding life standards and for other alternatives. One of the best choices for control
awareness to human and with the technologic developments, applications is to implement control algorithms on FPGA.
elevator systems are getting better, faster, stronger and better System performance is improved due to parallel processing of
quality elevators are produced. PLC instructions. As soon as possible technique to share
allocated sources is used to implement different arithmetic
With the overall speedy capitalization taking place in all operations with single atomic units as used by [3].
fields the living standard of human being particularly in metros A state diagram is simply used to explain the state machine
vastly increased as such as industries, malls, hotels etc. Thus automation graphically. State CAD is used to implement state
the excavation of lift in high rise buildings becomes an diagram of elevator control system, which is a graphical tool
important part of infrastructure for the transportation of human that express ideas of state machines, as state diagrams [7].
and material. So the control system is to be vital for stability After making state diagram State CAD convert the state
and steady state of lift. It guides the lift in what order to stop at diagram into Hardware Description Language (HDL) that can
Floors, when to close and open the door. This paper describes be used as source file in Xilinx paper and changed into
the application of PLC for elevator control system. The PLC schematic symbol Xilinx State CAD include State Bench which
used for the paper is Abmicrologix-1400 using ladder diagram. is used to see results as waveforms simulation.
Traditional elevator control system is based on Relay logic,
II. RELATED WORK PLC and Microcontroller etc. but these systems have reduced
number of inputs and outputs [2].
To overcome the problems and improve the reduce energy and
consume time, various approaches are proposed and can be III. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
found in the literature [7], [11], [13-14].
A. Syatem Architecture
The early elevators were considered as cabs and driven by The PLC is basically computer-based so, their architecture
hands or by animals or by rope. The creation of screw driver is very parallel to computer architecture. The memory contains
based system was the significant step in elevator’s designs, operating system stored in fixed memory like ROM. The
which finally led to the design of latest modern elevators [1]. application program is stored in read-write memory.
FPGA technology is the best replacement of Relay logic, PLC Central processing unit (CPU) presents in each and every
and Microcontroller due to its flexibility, lower cost, efficiency, programmable controllers, power supply, memory, input/output
security, operational speed and parallel processing ([3], [4]). (I/O) modules and programming devises. The operating system
For the implementation of different hardware architectures, the is the heart of the system. It is essential to differentiate between
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IJRITCC | June 2018, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 154 - 156
______________________________________________________________________________________
the instructions used by operating system to instruct the central IV. HARDWARE & SOFTWARE
processing unit and the instruction used by the programmable  DC Motor
controller to handle the specific control problem. The operation  Cabinet of Lift
system performs: implementation of application program,  Rope
Memory organization, the communication stuck between  Push button Switches
programmable controller and the other units, Input/output  24V DC Power supply
interfaces handling etc.  AB-MICROLOGIX 1400
 SENSORS ( LEVEL SENSOR , LOAD SENSOR)
 RX Logix-500
A. Design of Caninet
Elevator control system consists of main part as a elevator
car in which it is use for vertical transportation purpose. It
works to carry passengers between different floors. The second
important part is lift, which supports the elevator car to travel
between the different floors. System is able to control all
possible function as well opening and closing of doors at
different floor. The general calculation for elevator [1]:
No of person accommodate in the elevator is = 8
Approximate weight of each person =60 kg
Maximum weight that the cabin can handle = 480 kg
B. Calculation of Rope Strength
Figure 1. System Architecture.
 The force which acts on the rope can be given below
[1]
The central processing unit receiving the instruction from  F=mg
the memory and send a feedback based on the status of the I/O  F= (480+100+100)*9.8
devices. As per directions generates commends to the output by  =6664 N
resources of the o/p modules these commands control the o/p  The dynamism acting on the string is 6.6kN. So a
elements on a machine or process device such as relay coils, string with the strength to 7kN conveys at least to be
solenoid valves, indicator lamp and motor starters are typical chosen.
load to be controlled. When program implementation is done
than the processor reads all the inputs, takes these morals and C. Limit Switch
according to supervise function curriculum, energizes the The limit switch is used to for motion of elevator. The
outputs, thus solving the ladder system. motion of the elevator is in both directions during operation.
. When the elevator starts moving from one floor to another it
B. Block Daigram of Propose System
will operate the limit switch. This gives output signal to PLC.
The main aim of this paper is to develop elevator control PLC check the status of limit switches and gives exact position
system by using PLC to control problem of the stability state.
Also reduce energy and time required for certain buildings.

Figure 3. Limit Switch

Figure 2. Block Daigram
D. Ladder Logic
Elevator control system divided into several sections like:
In PLC Ladder logic is one of the programming language is
power station, processing station, sensor station etc. The
used. In ladder logic editor displays program in graphical
system consists of power supply connected to PLC as well as
representation same as that of electrical wiring diagram. Ladder
DC motor. This system is connected to elevator cabin; the use
logic programs allow the program to follow the flow of
of limit switch is to control the position of cabin and by use of
electrical current from a power source throughout a series of
the level sensor limit switch is to control position of the floor
logical input conditions that in turn enable logical output
and indication of floor by using push button. Also we are using
condition. A Ladder logic program includes a left power railing
emergency start and shop operation of lift in the case of
that is energized. Contacts that are open block that energy flow.
emergency [4].

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IJRITCC | June 2018, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 154 - 156
______________________________________________________________________________________

Figure 4. Ladder Logic

Figure 5. Elevator System

V. RESULT VI. CONCLUSION

To elevate way is the second most important part of the In this paper entire circuit diagram and ladder logic was
elevator control system and which supports the elevator car to explained. By using RS-LOGIX 500 we have to developed
pass through between the different floors. The Elevator control ladder logic for elevator control. In this paper different sensors
system is most important parts of the elevator; this system is are configured at different floors to execute many functions.
needed to control all the functions of the elevator. It also For whole system we required inputs and outputs for elevators
controls the opening and closing of doors at different floor, it is are: forward and reverse motoring, door opening and closing
the one which guides the elevator car to travel between the and the indication of floor end of both the door opening and
different floors; also safety switches are also restricted by the door closing have been included Also the safety of the system
elevator control arrangement. Another most important system can be improved by adopting more safety techniques.
which is used in the proposed system is Electric power driving
system; this system includes elevator car, the traction motor,
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