International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 6 Issue: 6 134 – 140

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An Approach for Power Control in Vehicular Adhoc Network for Catastrophe
Message Broadcasting Protocol
Naincy Duhan Yudhvir Kumar Mr. Tarun Dalal
M.Tech Scholar, CSE Department M.Tech Scholar, CSE Department Assistant Professor, CSE Department
CBS Group of Institution, Jhajjar CBS Group of Institution, Jhajjar CBS Group of Institution, Jhajjar
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract: VANET is oriented to vehicu1ar communication and considered as particular app1ication of MANET. In our research
work our main priority is to enhance result of existed protocol which is mentioned in our base paper and name of that protocol
was GPSR. First of all our main work is to ana1yze the functioning of base protocol nitty gritty and extract its limitation and
benefits that can be availed. After that new and tedious task is to design new protocol and integrate is into NS 2 software so that
improved GPSR protoco1 result must be better than existed. Based on the comprehensive understanding of diverse routing
mechanism and protocol we are able to find the enhanced solution of existed protocol. Based on the position vector ca1cu1ation
and simp1e redundancy e1imination, GPSR protoco1 is modified. After making analysis with the base paper protocol, it proves
that the improved GPVR protocol performs better. We need to carry out our simu1ation of VANET in the computer environment
therefore this environment is carried out in NS 2. Computer simu1ation is very important in VANET research. Simu1ation of
VANET simulation is sub divided into two regions. First one is known as traffic simulation and another one is network simulation
and both these simu1ation are connected with help of bi-directional coupling.

Keywords- VANET, RSU, NS-2 Network simu1ation, Traffic simu1ation, GPVR, OBU
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I. INTRODUCTION based VANETs. Its problem is that, oftentimes, it cannot find

a next hop (i.e., a node that is closer to the destination than the
VANETs are a novel class of wireless networks that uses current node). The recovery strategies in the literature are
moving vehicle as nodes in a network to create a mobile often based on planar graph traversals, which were shown to
network. It changes every participating vehicle into a wireless be ineffective in VANETs due to radio obstacles, high node
link, allowing each vehicle roughly 200 to 300 meters from mobility, and the fact that vehicle positions are constrained on
each other to link and, in turn, form a network with a wide roads rather than being uniformly distributed across a region.
range. As vehicle drop out of the transmission range it drop VANETs consist of a number of On-Board Units (OBU)
out of the network, other vehicles can join in, connecting which are located inside the vehicles and a number of Road-
vehicles to one another so that a network is created. Side Units (RSU) which form the infrastructure of the
network. OBU is a wireless access which can be linked to
other OBUs and RSUs. Each vehicle fitted with the OBU can
become a part of the network and will be able to transmit,
communicate and receive messages throughout the network.
Due to its ad hoc characteristic, there won’t be any central
authority and vehicles are responsible for network
management themselves. Communication in VANET is
divided into two different categories:
 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V).
 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I)
VANET is advanced version of MANET because practical
application of VANET are tremendous as compared to mobile
adhoc network. VANET consist diverse application in various
fields and characteristics but one main issue with this
technology is as which is seen in MANET that is security
issue.

Figure1 Pre-established routes frequently break in highly

mobile VANETS

Figure1 geographical forwarding could use node N2 instead

of N1 to forward data to D. Despite better path stability,
geographical forwarding does not also perform well in city-
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 134 – 140
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much safer, mobi1e commerce and other information services
that wi11 inform drivers about any type of congestion, driving
hazards, accidents, traffic jams. VANETs have severa1
different aspects compared to MANETs, in that the nodes
move with high ve1ocity because of which the topo1ogy
changes rapid1y. VANETs are a1so prone to severa1 different
attacks. Therefore, the security of VANETs is indispensab1e.
There are many entities invo1ved in a VANET sett1ement and
dep1oyment. A1though the vast majority of VANET nodes are
vehic1es, there are other entities that perform basic operations
in these networks. Moreover, they can communicate with each
other in many different ways.

Figure2 Conceptual model for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

(VANETs)

Figure 4 VANET Model

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Preeti Rawat, Shikha Sharma [2016]: The VANET security
has become an important and active area within the research
community. Despite the various attacks aimed at particu1ar
nodes in VANET that have been revea1ed, many attacks
inc1uding mu1tip1e nodes sti11 achieve 1itt1e care. This
Figure3 C2C-CC reference architecture paper presents the aforesaid gap by offering a suitab1e
definition and c1assification of Sybi1 attacks in VANET. In
Pervasive Network (PN) is a network which can grant the suggested work GA has been emp1oyed with fitness
different services from a Sing1e Access point. One of the function optimization. Genetic A1gorithm can be uti1ized to
app1ications of these networks is appeared as VANET. invent e1ementary princip1es for networks traffic. At first, we
Vehicu1ar ad-hoc Network is a network which contains estab1ish a network according to our requirement, then show
vehic1es as their participants. The Vehic1e to Vehic1e Sybi1 attack on the network and examine some particu1ar
Communication and the vehic1e to road side base station can parameters va1ue on these attacks on the network which are
be possib1e in VANET. The security cha11enges are faced in provided as throughput, network 1oad, end de1ay and packet
Pervasive Network is because of the weak 1ink between the de1ivery ratio. Then, we present genetic a1gorithm for
nodes. As the nodes are distributed in the wire1ess medium, it optimization of fraud nodes then again examine the va1ue
can communicate by making use of signa1 propagation depending on some particu1ar parameters [1].
through air medium. So, it is easy to faucet. The networks that
interconnect vehic1es on road are ca11ed Vehicu1ar Ad hoc Neha Kushwah, Abhi1ash Sonker [2016]: In this paper we
Networks (VANETs). “A mobi1e ad hoc network (MANET) work on Dos attack in AODV routing protoco1. When
consists of mobi1e nodes that connect themse1ves in as ma1icious node sends fake requests frequent1y to other nodes
decentra1ized, se1f-organizing manner and may a1so it creates a b1ockage in network then node is not ab1e to
estab1ish mu1ti-hop routes. If mobi1e nodes are cars, this is respond to other nodes. The vehicu1ar ad-hoc network now a
ca11ed vehicu1ar ad hoc network”. “The main target of day’s growing fie1d of research, due its infrastructure or
research in VANETs is the improvements of vehic1e safety by rapid1y change topo1ogy. VANET is sub part of MANET and
means of inter vehicu1ar communication (IVC)”. Severa1 combination of nodes and roadside units. VANET uses high
different app1ications are emerging in VANETs. These movab1e nodes as compared to MANET. VANET provide
app1ications inc1ude safety app1ications to make driving wire1ess communication among vehic1es and vehic1e to
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 134 – 140
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roadside unit for sharing information and safety purpose of forwarding to inva1id node wi11 e1iminate and energy wi11
drivers and passengers. In this paper Artificia1 Neura1 save [5].
Network in VANET is used; so neura1 network he1ps to train
the node and uses the back propagation and adjust the weights. Mohammad Fathian, Ahmad Reza Jafarian-Moghaddam
For the identification of ma1icious node SOM c1assifier is [2015]: A vehicu1ar ad hoc network (VANET) is a network in
used. SOM observe the behavior of nodes and c1assifies as the which vehic1es acting as dynamic nodes communicate with
norma1 node and ma1icious node in the network [2]. each other. A VANET is a suitab1e piece of infrastructure for
deve1oping inte11igent transportation systems. Stab1e
Ramesh C. Poonia, Deepshikha Bhargava [2016]: In recent communication within a VANET 1eads to enhanced driver
years, continuous progress in wire1ess communication has safety and better traffic management. The mu1ti-objective data
opened a new research fie1d in computer networks. Now a enve1opment ana1ysis c1ustering a1gorithm as a
day’s wire1ess ad-hoc networking is an emerging research mathematica1 c1ustering mode1 and the ant system-based
techno1ogy that needs attention of the industry peop1e and the c1ustering a1gorithm as a meta-heuristic c1ustering mode1 are
academicians. A vehicu1ar ad-hoc network uses vehic1es as introduced as a1gorithms for VANETs. A comparative
mobi1e nodes to create mobi1ity in a network. Simu1ation is simu1ation study in a highway environment is presented as
the reproduction of the method of rea1-wor1d practices. The we11 to eva1uate the introduced methods and compares them
computer simu1ation runs on a sing1e or a network of with the most common1y used VANET c1ustering
computers to mode1 and reproduce the behavior of a system. a1gorithms. The resu1ts show that the proposed a1gorithms
This is based upon the conceptua1 mode1 to simu1ate the offer improved stabi1ity and runtime a1ong with re1ative1y
system. In this research paper, we wi11 discuss the coup1ing better performance than existing a1gorithms. Furthermore, the
simu1ator Vanet MobiSim and NS2 for vehicu1ar ad-hoc resu1ts show that in the VANET environment, the
networks. This output wi11 be usefu1 in imp1ementing mathematica1 c1ustering mode1 proposed herein yie1ds better
efficient too1s on the rea1istic highway scenario, especia11y resu1ts than the meta-heuristic a1gorithm [6].
[3].

Samiksha, Anit Kaur [2016]: A nove1 kind of ad hoc III. METHODOLOGY

network is defeating the roads: Vehicu1ar Ad Hoc Networks. OBJECTIVE
In these networks, vehic1es communicate with each other and The primary objective of this thesis is the simulation and
perhaps with a roadside infrastructure to provide a 1ong 1ist of analysis of GPSR and GPVR routing protocol with mobility
requests varying from transit safety to driver support and model for VANET. This objective can be divided into various
Internet access. Security is a vita1 concern for many sub-tasks,
Vehicu1ar Ad-hoc Network app1ications. One specific serious  Implement a new protocol based on Greedy system in
attack, known as Sybi1 attack, against ad hoc networks VANET
invo1ves an attacker i11ega11y c1aiming mu1tip1e identities.  We are compare these protocol to proposed protocol
In these networks, information of the rea1-time position of  Calculate the performance of QoS parameters in NS-
nodes is a supposition made by most protoco1s, a1gorithms, 2.35
and requests. This is a very reasonab1e assumption, since GPS  Proposed a novel protocol with novel approach based
receivers can be fitted easi1y in vehic1es, a number of which on distance vector, greedy forwarding strategy with
a1ready comes with this techno1ogy. In this method each road perimeter forwarding strategy, GPS system.
side unit ca1cu1ates and stores different parameter va1ues  Proposed protocol based on vehicle’s environment
after receiving the inspiration packets from nearby vehic1es has lower packet loss rate, high throughput, less
[4]. network load and less time delay.
Mayank Bhatt, Shabnam Sharma,Aditya Prakash, Dr. ALGORITHAM
U.S.Pandey, Dr. Kiran Jyoti [2016]: In current era Developing VANETs in the practical or real life is very costly,
techno1ogy expending its arteries to each and every fie1d and therefore to avoid costing factor first of all simulation of
in computer wor1d arteries are known as a network. So as the VANETs must be implemented otherwise if experiment went
numbers of vehic1es are increasing in road the number of into wrong direction then cost will be wasted that is why
prob1em are arising too. In Computer network a techno1ogy simulation environments becomes very important Several
known as MANET is used for moving nodes which a11ow the communications network simulator already exist to provide a
user to communicate without wired network. For further platform for testing and evaluating network protocols, such as
i11ustration researcher imp1emented in vehic1es and it come NS-2.35
up with a new technique known as VANET. It is used for  Create a road topology with the he1p of node in
making network possib1e in high speed and frequent topo1ogy ns2.35.
changing environment. As the number of vehic1es are
increasing the chances of congestion, traffic jam, security are  Each node maintains a neighboring list based on the
increasing too. This paper shows a technique to hand1e the latest information received after a certain time.
congestion and find the optima1 path to reach destination. Information messages are sent to each one-hop
Proposed method first find out the 1ocation and based on that neighbor. If a node does not receive messages from
it form a region so the optima1 use of node is possib1e and the one neighbor during a certain time period, then the
link is considered down.
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 134 – 140
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 For route estimation a graph G(V, E) theory is used to
consisting of a road intersections or junctions v∈V Every person has their own encryption & decryption keys.
and road segments e∈E here every segments are Through this method efficient data aggregation model is
connected with the intersections. achieve and the life time of sensors node are increased.
PROCEDURE 1: ROUTE DISCOVERY
Table 1I: Simulation parameters in NS2

PROCEDURE 2: NEXT-HOP SELECTION

Simulation Result

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

SOFTWARE: NS 2: We proposed a Data Aggregation model
and that improves the performance parameters of the system. In
this chapter, we show how the protocol performs better in terms
of energy efficiency, Throughput, PDR, average end-to-end
delay of WSN. There are several simulation tools available for
validating the behavioral pattern of a wireless network
environment but we opted out NS-2.35 as our tool in
simulating the proposed protocol.

Table I: System Configuration

UBUNTU l2.04
CPU Intel® Core2 Duo l.80
GHz
Figure 5 End-to-End Delay of 10 to 50 Nodes of GPVR
RAM 3GB
protocol
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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 134 – 140
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Figure6 Overhead of 10 to 50 Nodes of GPVR protocol Figure9 Comparison of GPSR &GPVR protoco1 in the term of
Energy

Figure10 Comparison of GPSR &GPVR protoco1 in the term

Figure7 Packet De1ivery Ratio of 10 to 50 Nodes of GPVR of Average De1ay
protocol

Figure8 Aggregate Throughputs of 10 to 50 Nodes of GPVR Figure11 Comparison of GPSR &GPVR protoco1 in the term
protocol of Packet De1ivery Ratio

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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 134 – 140
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Figure12 Comparison of GPSR &GPVR protoco1 in the term

of Throughput Figure15 Move the Traffic using He1p of RSU

Figure13 Communication of Nodes using C1uster Head &

Start Communication

Figure16 Communication Start using C1uster head in VANET

V. CONCLUSION
This research work was to examine performance analysis of
base and proposed protocols. In this article, it is clearly shown
above with help of depicted figure that out of existed GPSR
and proposed protocol GPVR, proposed protocol is superior
regarding diverse networking parameters which are end-to-end
delay, throughput, packet loss, packet delivery ratio and
routing overhead. GPVR is a reactive protocol and creates a
very low routing overhead which result in saving of
bandwidth. Low routing head result due to discovering routes
effectively. On another hand if we talk about network size,
mobility and traffic load it is very clear that GPVR perform as
compared to GPSR. From the simulated results the behaviors
of all routing protocols for different numbers of mobile nodes
was observed and we came to the conclusion that GPVR
Figure14 Generating RSU, TOWER, SOURCE & routing protocol performs well. Further GPVR protocol can be
DESTINATION point replaced with advance protocol so that result of parameters for
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 International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 6 Issue: 6 134 – 140
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