BIOGRAPH R.

A KARTINI

Raden Ajeng Kartini was born on 21 April 1879 in Jepara. She was a leading feminist of
women emancipation in Indonesia. Her father was an assistant for the district chief of the
city. Her first dream was becoming like her mother, working hard for others. She went to a
Dutch school but when she was 12 years old her father prohibited her from continuing her
studies because of the tradition - a noble girl was not allowed to have a higher education,
they had to be secluded.

Ibu Kartini was very concerned because of education in Indonesia especially for women.
Because of her concerns, she found a school only for women in Indonesia.

She sometimes discussed the issues together with a Dutch couple, the
Ovinks. They were amazed with Kartini's fluency in Dutch. Kartini had a book
to read from Mrs. Ovink and started to correspond with people in the
Netherlands. In her letter to her pen friends, Kartini always discussed feminist
matters and revealed her dream of equality between men and women in
Indonesia. Kartini insisted that she continue her studies although her father
was against it. Finally Kartini wrote a letter to the Education and Culture
Director, Mr. Abendanon, who sent her a very promising reply. Kartini married
a regent and moved to Rembang in 1903 in Central Java. She wrote a book
called "Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang" (Through Darkness to Light) which
consists of the collection of her letters to her friends. She passed away in
November 1904 while giving birth to her first son.

Every school from kindergarten to high school level celebrates Kartini Day by
having a flag ceremony and singing the Ibu Kartini song. Kindergarten and
elementary schools usually have special events like poem reading
competitions, drawing competitions, modeling competitions (girls wear a
costume like Ibu Kartini's, with kebaya and batik cloth. In Jepara there is a
Kartini Museum which contains a collection of Kartini's personal belongings,
including furniture from her house, several photos, letters written by her and
other documents relating to her life
Biography Raden Ajeng Kartini
Posted by alfi fadlan

Raden Ajeng Kartini was born on 21 April 1879 in the town of Jepara, Central Java. He
is the son of a nobleman who was very obedient to the customs. After graduating from
elementary school he was not allowed to continue their schooling to higher levels by the
parents. He secluded while waiting to be married. Small Kartini very saddened by this, he
wanted to challenge but did not dare for fear of being considered rebellious child. To get
rid of her sorrow, she collects books, textbooks and other science which is then read in the
garden accompanied by Simbok (aides).

Finally read into his interest, no day without reading. All books, including newspaper
reading. If there is difficulty in understanding books and newspapers they read, he always
asks his Father. Through this book, Kartini think women are interested in the progress of
Europe (the Netherlands, who was then still ruled Indonesia). Arises desire to promote
women's Indonesia. Women not only the kitchen but also must have knowledge. He began
by collecting her girlfriends to teach writing and other sciences. Amid the busy life he did
not stop reading and also writing letters to his friends in the Netherlands. No sooner had
he written a letter to Mr.JH Abendanon. He pleaded awarded a scholarship to study in the
Netherlands.
Scholarship acquired Kartini had not utilized by his parents because he was married to
Raden Duke Joyodiningrat. After marriage she joined her husband to the Apex area. Her
husband understood Kartini and supporting women to establish a school. Thanks to his
perseverance Kartini succeeded in establishing the School for Women in Semarang,
Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, Cirebon and other areas. The name of the school
is "Kartini schools". Fame does not make Kartini be arrogant, he remained polite,
respectful family and anyone else, does not distinguish between poor and rich.

On 17 September 1904, Kartini died at the age of 25, after she gave birth to her first son.
After Kartini died, Mr.JH Abendanon memngumpulkan and posted the letters that Kartini
had sent to his friends in Europe. The book was entitled "DOOR TOT DUISTERNIS Licht"
which means "Light After Dark".

Currently hopefully in Indonesia will be reborn-Kartini Kartini who would fight for the
interests of the people. In the era of Kartini, late 19th to early 20th century, women have
not obtained the freedom of this country in many ways. They are not allowed to obtain a
higher education as men have not even allowed to determine the mate / husband, and so
forth.

Kartini who feel free to make choices even felt had no choice at all because it was born as
a woman, has always been treated different from relatives and friends of man, and envy
the freedom of Dutch women, eventually growing desire and determination in his heart to
change habits that are less good.

Lately, the determination of Kartini's birth date as the big day is rather moot. With a
variety of arguments, each party gives the opinion of each. Communities that do not so
agree, there is simply not celebrate Kartini Day, but at the same time with Mother's Day
celebration on December 22.

Their reasoning is that no favoritism with the heroes of other Indonesian women. But the
more extreme to say, there are still other heroine who is more powerful than the RA
Kartini. According to them, the struggle was just in Jepara Kartini and Apex only, Kartini
also never bear arms against the invaders. And various other reasons.

While their pro even said Kartini not just a figure of the woman who raised the degree of
emancipation of women Indonesia alone but is a national figure means that, with the ideas
of reform that he had fought for the interests of his people. The way he thought was in the
national scope.

Although the Youth Pledge has not been coined then, but his thoughts are not limited to
the area or land kelahiranya Java alone. Kartini has reached maturity so that nationalism
is a national think like that are triggered by the Youth Pledge in 1928.

Regardless of the pros and cons, in the history of this nation we know many of the names
we like the heroine Cut Him 'Dien, Cut Mutiah, Nyi. Ageng Serang, Dewi Sartika, Nyi
Ahmad Dahlan, Ny. Walandouw Maramis, Christina Martha Tiahohu, and others.

They fought in the area, at the time, and in different ways. Some are struggling in Aceh,
Java, Maluku, Manado and other. Some are struggling in the Dutch colonial era, the
Japanese colonial period, or after independence. Some are struggling to take up arms,
others through education, through the organization and there are other ways. They are all
fighters of the nation, the nation's heroes deserve our respect and emulate.

Raden Ajeng Kartini itself is the hero that takes its place in our hearts with all ideals,
determination, and actions. The ideas of it had been able to mobilize and inspire the
struggle of his people from the ignorance that is not realized in the past. With courage and
sacrifice are sincere, he was able to inspire his people from the shackles of discrimination.

For women alone, with initial efforts are now women in this country has enjoyed what is
called equality rights. The struggle is not over yet, in this era of globalization is still widely
perceived oppression and unfair treatment against women.

Raden Adjeng Kartini, in full Lady Raden Adjeng Kartini (born April 21, 1879,
Majong, Java [Indonesia]—died September 17, 1904, Rembang Regency, Java) Javanese
noblewoman whose letters made her an important symbol for the Indonesian
independence movement and for Indonesian feminists.
Her father being a Javanese aristocrat working for the Dutch colonial administration as
governor of the Japara Regency (an administrative district), Kartini had the unusual
opportunity to attend a Dutch school, which exposed her to Western ideas and made her
fluent in Dutch. During adolescence, when she was forced to withdraw to the cloistered
existence prescribed by tradition for a Javanese girl of noble birth, she began to
correspond with several Dutch friends from her school days. She also knew and was
influenced by Mevrouw Ovink-Soer, wife of a Dutch official and a dedicated socialist and
feminist. In her letters Kartini expressed concern for the plight of Indonesians under
conditions of colonial rule and for the restricted roles open to Indonesian women. She
resolved to make her own life a model for emancipation and, after her marriage in 1903 to
a progressive Javanese official, the Regent of Rembang, she proceeded with plans to
open a school for Javanese girls.
Kartini died at the age of 25 of complications after the birth of her first child, but J.H.
Abendanon—former director of the Department of Education, Religion, and Industry—
arranged for publication of her letters in 1911, under the title Door duisternis tot
licht (“Through Darkness into Light”). The book enjoyed great popularity and generated
support in the Netherlands for the Kartini Foundation, which in 1916 opened the first girls’
schools in Java, thus fulfilling Kartini’s ambition. Her ideas were also taken up by
Indonesian students attending Dutch universities, and in 1922 an Indonesian translation of
the letters was published. Although Indonesian nationalist aims went far beyond her ideas,
she became a popular symbol, and her birthday is celebrated as a holiday

BIOGRAPHY OF RA KARTINI

Biography of RA Kartini - Maya Raden Kartini or often abbreviated as RA Kartini was born on April 21,
1879 in the city of Jepara, Central Java. He was the son of a nobleman who was very devout in
customs. After graduating from elementary school he was not allowed to continue their education to a
higher level by the parents. He secluded while waiting to be married.
Kartini small very saddened by this, but he did not dare to oppose for fear of being considered rebellious
child. To relieve his grief, he collected textbooks and other science books are then read in the garden
house accompanied Simbok (assistants). Finally read into his interest, no day without reading.

All books, including reading the newspaper. If there is difficulty in understanding the books and
newspapers he reads, he always asks his Father. Through this book, Kartini interested in the
advancement of women think Europe (the Netherlands, who was still colonized Indonesia). Arising
desire to promote women in Indonesia. Women are not only the kitchen but also must have knowledge.
He began by collecting the girls to teach writing and other sciences.

Amid busy he did not stop to read and also write a letter to his friends who are in the Netherlands.
Before long he was writing a letter to Mr.JH Abendanon. He pleaded awarded a scholarship to study in
the Netherlands. The scholarship had not gotten used Kartini as he married off by her parents to Raden
Duke Joyodiningrat. After marriage he took her to the Apex. Her husband understood Kartini and
supporting women to establish a school.

Thanks to his perseverance Kartini successfully established the School Women in Semarang,
Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Madison, Cirebon and other areas. The school name is "Kartini
School". Fame does not make Kartini be arrogant, he remained polite, respectful family and anyone
else, does not distinguish between poor and rich. On 17 September 1904, Kartini died at the age of 25,
after she gave birth to her first son. After Kartini died, Mr.JH Abendanon posted the letters RA Kartini
had sent to his friends in Europe. The book was entitled "DOOR DUISTERNIS TOT LICHT" which
means "Light After Dark".
Currently hopefully in Indonesia will be reborn-Kartini Kartini else will fight for the interests of the people.
In the era of Kartini, late 19th to early 20th century, the women of this country have not gained freedom
in many ways. They are not allowed to obtain a higher education like the guy has not even been
allowed to determine the affinity / her own husband, and so forth. Kartini who are not free to choose
even felt they had no choice at all because it was born as a woman, also always treated differently by
relatives and friends are male, and envy the freedom Dutch women, eventually growing desire and
determination in his heart to change habits that are less good. Recently, the determination of the date of
birth as the big day Kartini somewhat moot. With a variety of arguments, each side gave their opinion.

People who do not so agree, there are just not celebrate Kartini Day, but at the same time to celebrate
Mother's Day on December 22. The reason they are so no favorites with women heroes of Indonesia.
But more extreme to say, there is another heroine is more powerful than RA Kartini. According to them,
the region's struggle was in Jepara Kartini and Apex alone, Kartini also never bear arms against the
invaders. And various other reasons. While they were pro even said Kartini is not just a figure of female
emancipation elevating women Indonesia alone but is meant national figure, with new ideas and the
reform he has been fighting for the interests of the nation. The way he thought was in the national
scope.

Although the Youth Pledge have not triggered the time, but his thoughts are not confined to the area of
land kelahiranya or Java. Kartini has reached national maturity to think that nationalism is like that
proposed by the Youth Pledge 1928. Regardless of the pros and cons, in this nation's history we know
many of the names we like Cut the heroine of his' Dien, Cut Mutiah, Nyi. Ageng Serang, Dewi Sartika,
Nyi Ahmad Dahlan, Ny. Walandouw Maramis, Christina Martha Tiahohu, and more.

They fought in the area, at the time, and in different ways. There was a struggle in Aceh, Java, Maluku,
Manado and others. There was a struggle in the Dutch colonial era, the Japanese colonial era, or after
independence. Some are struggling with raised arms, there is through education, through the
organization and there are other ways. They are all warriors of the nation, nation heroes who deserve
our respect and emulate. Raden Kartini Maya itself is the hero who takes special place in our hearts
with all ideals, determination, and actions. The ideas of it had been able to mobilize and inspire the
struggle of his people from ignorance is not realized in the past. With the courage and sacrifice are
sincere, he was able to inspire his people from the shackles of discrimination. For women alone, with
initial efforts are now women in this country have been enjoying the so-called equal rights. The struggle
is not over, in this era of globalization, there are many perceived oppression and unfair treatment of
women

Biography of R.A. Kartini

Posted April 21, 2013 by radian01 in Biography. Tagged: Jepara, Kartini, Kartini Day, Women in Indonesia. 1 Comment

Happy Kartini Day’s for all womens in Indonesia.Now i will share

some information from the emancipation of women in Indonesia. I hope this article could be interesting
reading for reference Indonesian women.
Raden Ayu Kartini, (21 April 1879 – 17 September 1904), or sometimes known as Raden Ajeng Kartini, was a
prominent Javanese and an Indonesian national heroine. Kartini was a pioneer in the area of women’s rights
for Indonesians.
Biography
Kartini was born into an aristocratic Javanese family when Java was part of the Dutch colony of the Dutch
East Indies. Kartini’s father, Sosroningrat, became Regency Chief of Jepara. Kartini’s father, was originally
the district chief of Mayong. Her mother, Ngasirah was the daughter of Madirono and a teacher of religion in
Teluwakur. She was his first wife but not the most important one. At this time, polygamy was a common
practice among the nobility. She also wrote the Letters of a Javanese Princess. Colonial regulations required a
Regency Chief to marry a member of the nobility. Since Ngasirah was not of sufficiently high nobility, her
father married a second time to Woerjan (Moerjam), a direct descendant of the Raja of Madura. After this
second marriage, Kartini’s father was elevated to Regency Chief of Jepara, replacing his second wife’s own
father, Tjitrowikromo.
Kartini was the fifth child and second eldest daughter in a family of eleven, including half siblings. She was
born into a family with a strong intellectual tradition. Her grandfather, Pangeran Ario Tjondronegoro IV,
became a Regency Chief at the age of 25 while Kartini’s older brother Sosrokartono was an accomplished
linguist. Kartini’s family allowed her to attend school until she was 12 years old. Here, among other subjects,
she learn to speak Dutch, an unusual accomplishment for Javanese women at the time. After she turned 12
she was ‘secluded’ at home, a common practice among Javanese nobility, to prepare young girls for their
marriage. During seclusion girls were not allowed to leave their parents’ house until they were married, at
which point authority over them was transferred to their husbands. Kartini’s father was more lenient than
some during his daughter’s seclusion, giving her such privileges as embroidery lessons and occasional
appearances in public for special events.
During her seclusion, Kartini continued to educate herself on her own. Because she could speak Dutch, she
acquired several Dutch pen friends. One of them, a girl by the name of Rosa Abendanon, became a close
friend. Books, newspapers and European magazines fed Kartini’s interest in European feminist thinking, and
fostered the desire to improve the conditions of indigenous Indonesian women, who at that time had a very
low social status.
Kartini’s reading included the Semarang newspaper De Locomotief, edited by Pieter Brooshooft, as well as
leestrommel, a set of magazines circulated by bookshops to subscribers. She also read cultural and scientific
magazines as well as the Dutch women’s magazine De Hollandsche Lelie, to which she began to send
contributions which were published. Before she was 20 she hard read Max Havelaar and Love Letters by
Multatuli. She also read De Stille Kracht (The Hidden Force) by Louis Couperus, the works of Frederik van
Eeden, Augusta de Witt, the Romantic-Feminist author Goekoop de-Jong Van Eek and an anti-war novel by
Berta von Suttner, Die Waffen Nieder! (Lay Down Your Arms!). All were in Dutch.
Kartini’s concerns were not only in the area of the emancipation of women, but also other problems of her
society. Kartini saw that the struggle for women to obtain their freedom, autonomy and legal equality was just
part of a wider movement.
Kartini with Joyodiningrat
Kartini’s parents arranged her marriage to Joyodiningrat, the Regency Chief of Rembang, who already had
three wives. She was married on the 12 November 1903. This was against Kartini’s wishes, but she acquiesced
to appease her ailing father. Her husband understood Kartini’s aims and allowed her to establish a school for
women in the east porch of the Rembang Regency Office complex. Kartini’s only son was born on 13
September 1904. A few days later on 17 September 1904, Kartini died at the age of 25. She was buried in Bulu
Village, Rembang.
Inspired by R.A. Kartini’s example, the Van Deventer family established the R.A. Kartini Foundation which
built schools for women, ‘Kartini’s Schools’ in Semarang in 1912, followed by other women’s schools in
Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, Cirebon and other areas.
Commemoration of Kartini Day in 1953
In 1964, President Sukarno declared R.A. Kartini’s birth date, 21 April, as ‘Kartini Day’ – an Indonesian
national holiday. This decision has been criticised. It has been proposed that Kartini’s Day should be
celebrated in conjunction with Indonesian Mothers Day, on 22 December so that the choice of R.A. Kartini as
a national heroine would not overshadow other women who, unlike R.A. Kartini, took up arms to oppose the
colonisers.
In contrast, those who recognise the significance of R.A. Kartini argue that not only was she a feminist who
elevated the status of women in Indonesia, she was also a nationalist figure, with new ideas who struggled on
behalf of her people, including her in the national struggle for independence.