Introduction to PROFIBUS and

PROFINET
Andy Verwer
Technical Officer for PROFIBUS UK
Verwer Training & Consultancy Ltd

Gold distributor
 Summary of
presentation
 Brief introduction to the PROFIBUS and PROFINET
International organisation.
 Overview of PROFIBUS and PROFINET family.
Technology and applications.
 A look at who needs access to the data in our control
system and how this is achieved.
 A description of “Device Profiles”. Why these are
important and how they simplify life for the user.
 PROFINET what it is, what it isn't and some myths.
 Quick look at the support and training that are
available.

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 PROFIBUS/PROFINET
International
 PROFIBUS and PROFINET International (PI) is the
organisation that is responsible for PROFIBUS and
PROFINET.
 The largest industrial communications user organisation
with over 1400 member companies world wide.
 Develops, standardises and promotes the technology of
PROFIBUS and PROFINET.
 Provides application guides for design, installation,
commissioning and maintenance of PROFIBUS and
PROFINET systems
 Provides standard accredited training that is recognised
and respected throughout the world.
See: www.profibus.com
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 PROFIBUS
 PROFIBUS is the world’s leading fieldbus system:
 Over 40 million devices installed world wide.
 Approximately 3,000 products from over 300 different
suppliers.
 PROFIBUS has been around for almost 25 years.
 Over that period the specification has been extended and
refined (in a backwardly compatible way) so that new
application areas have been opened up.
• High speed synchronised servo applications (Robotics and
NC machines).
• Functional safety systems (process safety, interlocking).
• Operation in hazardous environments (intrinsic safety).
• High availability systems (reliability and redundancy).
• Etc.

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 The PROFIBUS Family

PROFIBUS DP - Decentralised Periphery

 Low cost, simple, high speed field-level communications.
 Generally designed for internal use
(cabinet mounting).

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 The PROFIBUS Family

PROFIBUS PA - Process Automation

 Developed specifically for the process industry to
replace 4-20mA transmission.
 Two-wire connection carrying both power and data.
 Generally designed for external use (field mounting).

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 The PROFIBUS Family

PROFINET
 Standardised Industrial Ethernet
 High speed highly deterministic and capable networking.
 Generally designed for internal use (just like DP)

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 Connection Technologies
 PROFIBUS DP uses 2-core RS485
screened twisted pair wiring.
 9-pin sub-D or M12 connectors
extensively used.
 DP can also use plastic or glass fibre
optic cabling.
 BFOC (ST) connectors widely used
 PROFIBUS PA uses “Manchester Bus
Powered” (MBP) cabling over 2 cores.
 Glanded screw or M12 connection
normally used
 PROFINET uses 4-core Ethernet
sreened twisted pair cabling.
 RJ45 or M12 connectors
universally used.
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 Application areas
 Manufacturing Automation
Car manufacturing
Bottling systems
Storage systems Water Treatment
Robotics and sewage Brewing industry
 Building Automation
Car manufacture
Traffic automation
Heating, air-conditioning
 Process Automation Building Paper and Printing
Automation Industry
Water and sewage treatment
Chemical and petrochemical plant
Paper and textile industries
Pipelines
 Power industry
Food Industry
Power plants Gas & Oil

Switchgear
 Functional safety systems
 High reliability systems
Bottling Plants  Redundancy. Polymer production
Robotics and Storage

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 The PROFIBUS family

Factory/plant level TCP/IP

Ethernet
Demanding tasks,
extensive data
PC
DP/PA coupler
Master PLC

Cell/control level

High speed,
modest data HMI

PROFIBUS DP Exi
RS485 PROFIBUS PA - MBP
Field level

Slaves
Sensors Actuators Drives Remote Control Transmitters DP
I/O valves cells

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 The PROFIBUS family

Factory/plant level TCP/IP

Ethernet
Demanding tasks,
extensive data
PC
PLC

Cell/control level

Other
High speed, PROFInet fieldbus
modest data HMI
networks

Exi
PROFIBUS DP PROFIBUS PA
Field level

Sensors Actuators Drives Remote Control Transmitters DP

I/O valves cells
AS-i

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 Levels of Access
Operator Manager Engineer

Monitoring Engineering

Ethernet

Class-2 Class-1
master master Control
PROFIBUS DP PROFIBUS PA

Drives Actuators Instruments Valves

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 Levels of Access
 Control
 Requires regular cyclic update of process values.
 Deterministic timing (not necessarily fast).
 The most important – cannot be interrupted!
 Monitoring
 Not necessarily regularly updated (cyclic or acyclic).
 Interruptions can be tolerated.
 Engineering
 Active only when required (acyclic).
 Non-deterministic communication OK.
 But must not interrupt the above!

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 Class-1 Masters

 The Class-1 master is responsible for cyclic or regular data

exchange. This provides all process values for control and
monitoring.
 The Class-1 master must be configured to communicate
with the slaves.
 Configuration is normally carried out using a proprietary
software tool supplied for the PROFIBUS master station.
 All PROFIBUS equipment suppliers provide standard
General Station Description or GSD files.
 GSD files can be read by the configuration tool to provide
detailed information on the devices being used on the bus.
 GSD files make integration of devices from different
vendors in a bus system simple.

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 Network Configuration

Configuration
tool
Master
Class I

GSD GSD GSD GSD GSD GSD

GSD files
PROFIBUS

Slaves

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 Class-2 Masters
 Class-2 masters can be used to access management
and engineering information from devices (acyclic
data).
 This is particularly important in PA systems where
extensive device information can be accessed in a
standardised way.
 Class-2 masters do not need configuration, however,
they do need information on the devices that are to be
accessed.
 This information can be provided in two different
ways:
 Electronic Device Descrition (EDD) files.
 Device Type Manager (DTM) software.
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 Profiles
 The GSD file provides a simple and standardised
method for configuring the cyclic data exchange with
the controlling master.
 However the organisation of the IO data, its encoding
and the device functions are normally in the hands of
the device manufacturer and can differ between
manufacturers.
 A “Profile” is an additional specification for a
particular type of device that defines how the data is
organised and accessed and the functionality of the
device.
 Profiles are defined by PI and are vendor independent.

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 Profiles
 Profiles have been defined by PI for a wide range of
devices:
 Motor control, Drives and servos (PROFIDRIVE)
 All process instrumentation and control actuators.
(PA Profile)
 Functional safety applications. (PROFISAFE)
 Energy efficiency. (PROFIENERGY)
 HMI devices, Encoders, Identification systems,
Robotics etc. etc.

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 The PA Profile
 The PROFIBUS PA Profile provides a mandatory
specification for all PA devices.
 It specifies the organisation of the cyclic data so that
the process value for every device is standardised.
 The Process Value is always communicated in a
standardised format:
 Standard floating point format for analogue values.
 Standard digital format for discrete values.
 Plus a standardised status value which encodes the
quality of the measurement (good, bad, usable etc.)
 The profile also specifies the organisation of the
acyclic data so that standard tools can be used to
access this data.
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 What is PROFINET?

 PROFINET is an open Industrial Ethernet standard

developed by the PROFIBUS Organisation.
 PROFINET
 is completely standard Ethernet (IEEE802.3).
 operates at 100Mbit/s over twisted-pair copper or fibre-
optic cables,
 makes use of TCP/IP and other IT standards for non-real-
time communications (i.e. configuration and parameters).
 Provides a “real-time” channel for time-critical
communications (i.e. process data)
 PROFINET is NOT PROFIBUS over Ethernet!
 However, PROFINET is well thought out to
incorporate the requirements of modern systems
based on the lessons learned from PROFIBUS.
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 PROFINET
PROFINet stack Non time-critical Real-time
(OSI model): communication communication

7 - Application Layer PROFINET Application Layer

6 - Presentation Layer
5 - Session Layer
4 - Transport Layer TCP/UDP PROFINET
3 - Network Layer IP Real-time channel

2 - Data Link Layer Standard Fast Ethernet

1 - Physical layer IEEE802.3

Network
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 PROFINET IO
 The TCP/IP channel is used for non-time critical
tasks.
 Downloading of configuration, parameters,
 Diagnostics,
 Device management information, etc.
 The Real-Time channel is used for time-critical data:
 Cyclic process data,
 Alarms and critical messages,
 Communication monitoring.

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 PROFINET IO

 Many features that have been developed for

PROFIBUS devices have been directly incorporated
into PROFINET:
 Extensive standardised diagnostics,
 Standardised alarm and status information,
 Identification and Maintenance functions (electronic
instrument face plate),
 Time stamping,
 Highly deterministic process cycle timing,
 Profiles (PROFISAFE, PROFIDRIVE, etc.)

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 Integration with Fieldbus

PROFINET

PROXY PROXY

INTERBUS-S
PROFIBUS DP

PROFIBUS PA

Other fieldbusses?

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 Some Myths about
PROFINET
 PROFIBUS runs at up to 12Mbit/s, whereas
PROFINET runs at 100Mbit/s. Therefore
PROFINET is about 8 times faster than PROFIBUS.
NOT TRUE!
 PROFINET gives similar performance to
PROFIBUS.
 PROFINET will replace PROFIBUS in the next five
years.
NOT TRUE!
 PROFINET will replace some PROFIBUS DP
devices, but PROFIBUS PA will continue.
 Both DP and PA will be supported for many years
to come.
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 Some Myths about
PROFINET
 PROFINET is not standard Ethernet
NOT TRUE!
 PROFINET always uses completely standard
Ethernet. It just doesn’t always use TCP/IP
protocols – only used for non time critical
communications.
 PROFINET systems can be maintained by our IT
people.
TRUE, BUT NOT A GOOD IDEA!
 PROFINET is much more than just an IT network.
Real time determinism, reliability, device
diagnostics and security are all much more
important than on IT systems
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 Functional Safety with
PROFIBUS & PROFINET
 PROFIBUS and PROFINET also offer safety oriented
communication that allows for integrating safety
oriented components.
 A second 'safety fieldbus' is not necessary.
 ProfiSafe V2 can be used in systems that are
certified according to IEC61158 to Safety Integrity
Level 3 (SIL3).
 ProfiSafe is used in a wide range of applications:
 Factory Automation, Robotics, Materials storage.
 Process Automation, Gas & Oil

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 Functional Safety with
PROFINET
Safety Standard Safety Standard
application application application application

PROFIsafe
PROFISAFE PROFISAFE layer
layer layer

Standard Standard
PROFIBUS/NET PROFIBUS/NET PROFINET/
protocol protocol PROFIBUS
“Black-
channel”

• PROFIsafe V2 provides functional safety for both PROFIBUS and

PROFINET systems.
• Suitable for use in SIL3 applications.

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 Benefits of
PROFIBUS/PROFINET
 Totally standardised and interoperable.
 Choose best of breed devices.
 Ensures compatibility.
 Protects your investment.
 Flexible connection technologies.
 Systems for internal or external use
 Saves wiring – but things often go wrong!
 Training in design and installation is essential.
 Levels of access.
 Control & monitoring.
 Engineering and management information.

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 Training
 A wide range of PROFIBUS and PROFINET training
is available including:
 Certified Installer Courses
 basic courses for anyone involved in PROFIBUS or
PROFINET technology
 Commissioning & Maintenance training
 Practical troubleshooting for PROFIBUS & PROFINET.
 Certified PROFIBUS or PROFINET Engineer
 In depth training for experts.
 Certified System Design Course
 Covers essential and optimal design of all networked control
and automation systems
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 Training
 Certified PROFIBUS and PROFINET training is
available from the UK’s accredited training centres:

 PROFIBUS International Competence Centre

 Manchester Metropolitan University.
• in Manchester, or a location of your choice.
• (www.sci-eng.mmu.ac.uk/ascent/).

 PROFIBUS International Training Centre

 Verwer Training & Consultancy Ltd
• On-site training.
• (www.VerwerTraining.com)
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