IS 2189 : 1999

( Reaffirmed 2004 )

Indian Standard
SELECTION, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF
AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM
SYSTEM - CODE OF PRACTICE
(Third Revision)

ICS 13i220.20

0 BIS 1999
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

November 1999 Price Group 8

Fire Fighting Sectional Committee, CED 22

FORRWORD
This Indian Standard (Third Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Fire Fighting Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.
The purpose of a fire detection and alarm system is to detect fire at the earliest practicable moment and to give
an alarm so that appropriate action can be taken (for example, evacuation of occupants,summoning the fire
fighting organization, triggering of extinguishing processes,etc). An alarm systemmay be activated by automatic
detection devices or by manual operation of manual call points.
The general principles given below, are a guide to design and construction of fire detection and alarm systems.
A fire detection and alarm system should :
a) detect quickly enough to fulfil its intended functions;
b) reliably transmit the detection signal;
c) translate this signal into a clear alarm indication that will attract the attention ofthe user in an immediate
and unmistakable way and indicate the location of fire and initiate operation of ancillary service, such
as fire extinguishing system, etc;
d) remain insensitive to phenomena other than those which its function is to detect; and
e) signal immediately and clearly and supervised fault that might jeopardise the correct performance of
the system.
A fire detection and alarm system should be reliable and not liable to disturbance by any other systems whether
associated with it or not, should not-berendered inoperative partially or totally by the fire or the phenomenon
which it is designed to detect before the fire or phenomenon has been detected and should be able to fulfil its
functions without errors or omissions.
Compliance of components with this standard does not necessarilyensure the compatibility ofcomponents with
each other. Compatibility should be considered when designing a system. Satisfactoryoperation of an installed
system should be tested after the completion of the installation.
Any fault a&cting a part of fire detection and alarm system should not result in cascades of other faults in the
system as a whole or should not create indirect hazards inside/outside the system.
Multiplexed fire detection system can be used provided the basic operation concepts given in-this standard are
fulfilled,
This standard covering the requirements of heat sensitive fire detectors was first published in 1962 and revised
in 1976 and 1988. The present revision includes modifications with regard to the spacing at different ceiling
heights and performance requirements for control and indicating equipments so as to bring in line with other
International Standards.
The Committee responsible for preparation of this standard is given in Annex C.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated expressing the result of test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rulesfor rounding off numerical values (revised)‘.The number of significant places retainedin the
rounded off vat-e should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
 IS 2189 : 1999

Indian Standard
SELECTION, INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE OF
AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM
SYSTEM - CODE OF PRACTICE
(Third Revision)
1 SCOPE 3.3 Automatic Fire Signal
1.1 This standard covers the planning, desi-gn, Alarm of fire originated by an automatic device, given
selection and installation of fire detection and alarm audibly and/or visibly.
systems. It is applicable to simple systems with a few
manual cahpoints as well as to complex installations 3.4 Control Centre
comprising detectors, manual-call points; control and Permanently staffed room within or near the premises
indicating equipment, etc. It covers systems capable at risk for the receipt of emergency calls and equipped
of providing signals to initiate, in the event of a fire, with means for indicating the situation in each of the
the operation of ancillary services, such as fire protected premises, and the communications needed
extinguishing systems and other necessary precautions for transmission of calls for assistance to emergency
but it does not cover the ancillary services. It covers services.
tire detection and alarm systems installed in buildings
of different types including those installed in industries 3.5 Fire Alarm Control and Indicating Equipments
1.2 This standard covers minimum level of protection. Equipments through which fire detectors may be
Nothing in this standard prevents to install systems supplied with power and which:
designed for higher degree of protection, for special
a) is used to accept a detection signal and actuate
risks, etc.
a fire alarm signal,
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES b) is able to pass on the fire detection signal,
through the fire alarm routing equipment, to
2.1 The Indian Standards listed in Annex A contain
the fire fighting organization or to automatic
~provisions which through references in this text,
extinguishers, and
constitute provision of this standard. At the time of
c) is used to monitor automatically the correct
publication, the editions indicated were valid. All
functioning of the system.
standards are subject to revision, and parties to
agreements based on this standard are encouraged to 3.6 False Alarm
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
editions of the standard as given in AnnexA. Alarm of fire that is false because the fire reported
does not and did not exist. This false alarm may arise
3 TERMINOLOGY by malicious, mistaken or accident intent.
3;O For the purpose of this standard, the following 3.7 Fault Signal
definitions and definitions given inIS 8757 shall apply.
A distinctive audible and visual signal indicating
3.1 Activation Device (Trigger Device) occurrence of a fault within the system (for example,
break in electric circuit, short circuit or faultin’power
Device capable of being operated automatically or
manually to initiate an alarm that is, detector, a manual suPPlY).
(fire alarm) call point or a pressure switch. 3.8 Fire Alarm System
3.2 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm System A combination of components for giving an audible
and visible and/or other perceptible alarm of fire. The
Fire alarm -system comprising components and sub-
system may also initiate other ancillary action.
system required for automatically detecting~a fire,
initiating an automatic ahum for fire and initiating 3.9 Floor
other action as required.
Area contained on each storejr of the building.
NOTE - The system may also include manual fue alarm call
points.

1
IS 2189 : 1999

3.10 Manual Call Point where the control and indicating equipment is sited.
A zone should be sufficiently rimned in extent to
Activating *device for the manual operation of an
enable the precise location of the origin of an alarm
automatic fire alarm system.
of tire to be quickly determined.
3.~11Manual Fire Glarm Device 4.2.1 A zone should not extend beyond a single fire
Device, manually operated, which gives an audible compartment, defined by the main walls, floor and
and/or visible alarm of tire. ceiling of the compartment.
4.2.2 A zone should normally cover only one storey
3.12 Mimic Panel
even where the fire compartment includes two or more
A panel in which the floor/area plans of the premises storeys, except that where detectors are fitted in stair-
are ~projected to reduced scale to enable easy identi- wells, lightwells, liftshafts and other flue like
fication of the sector/zone (see 3.13 and 3.14) on fire. structures extending beyond one floor but within one
fire compartment, the volume of the well or shaft may
3.13 Sector be considered as separate zone. If the total floor area
A sub-division of the protected premises larger than a of the building is 300 m2 or less, then the building
zone (see 3.15). A larger floor may be demarcated may be considered at a single zone even though there
into sectors that is addressed part of the floor. A sector may be ~morethan one storey.
will normally contain many zones. 4.2.3 One of the chief objectives’of zoning is to make
it easier to determine the position of fire. Where the
3.14 Fire Alarm Sounder
configuration of a zone is complex, it may not be
Component of a fire alarm system to give an audible suftIcient to apply the limitations of the area mentioned
alarm of fire. above. In such a case, the search distance, that is, the
distance that has to be travelled inside the zone in
3.15 Zone order to visually determine the position of tire, should
Area or space that has a group of automatic and/or not exceed 30 m. Thus if a zone can be visually
non-automatic fire detection devices for which there examined from an entry point without travel within a
is a separate common display in the control and zone, an area limitation will apply but when the line
indicating equipment. of site is interrupted as by racking or partitioning, the
distance limitation may apply. To meet this require-
4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ment in a zone sub-divided into rooms, it may be
advisable to fit indicators external to doors to indicate
4.1 Automatic tire detection and alarm system consists
whether detector within the room has operated. Note
of tire detectors and manual call points connected by
of fire alarm, sounders should be distinct from any
appropriate cables to sector/zonal_panels which in turn
other sounders likely to be heard.
are connected to control and indicating equipment
(C & I). The equipment and cables of automatic fire 4.3 The sounders for tire alarm should be electronic
detection and alarm system should be independent of hooters/horns/electric bell having frequency range of
any other system or cables, and should not be shared 500 Hz to 1000 Hz. The sound of the fire alarm should
with any other system. be continuous although the frequency and amplitude
may vary. If a two tone alarm is used, at least one of
4.1.1 If the requirement of detectors in any area is the major frequencies should be within the frequency
less than 20, division into zones/sectors may not be range of 500 to 1000 Hz. The distribution of fire alarm
necessary. Similarly, sectorization may not be sounders should be such that the alarm is-heard at all
necessary if the number of zones is not very large and sites which can be occupied within the protected area.
in case of bigger premises, the premises maybe divided A minimum sound level of either 65 dB (A) or
into wings and-each wing may have sectors/zones. 5 dB (A) above any other noise likely to nersist for a
4.2 The protected area should be divided into zones period longer than 30 s, whichever is greater should
in order that a clear indmation can be given of that be produced by the sounders at any point which can
part of area from which the alarm has originated. be occupied in a building. Sounders should be suitably
Careful consideration is necessary in determining the distributed throughout the building in regard to
arrangement of zones. Assessability, size the attenuation of sound caused by walls, floors, ceilings
provisions for containment of smoke andfire and the and partitions. If the fire routine for the premises
fire route determined for the premises should all be requires the audible alarm to arouse sleeping persons,
the minimum sound level should be 75 dB (A) at the
taken into account. Zones should readily be accessible
bed head with all doors shut. A larger number of
from the main circulation routes leading from the point
 IS 2189: 1999

quieter sounders rather than a few very loud sounders attenuation by smoke and/or light scattering by smoke
may be preferable to prevent npplselevels in some areas particles.
from becoming too loud. Ip sitting sounders in
corridors to serve the surrounding rooms, account 5.2 Choice of Fire Detector
should be taken of the attenuation of the sounder Fire detectors are designed to detect one or more
frequency of the any dividing element. Most single characteristics of fire, smoke, heat or flame. Any single
doors will give attenuation greater than 20 dB. Thus type of detector is not suitable for all applications and
it is unlikely that sounder noise levels in a room will the final choice will depend on the individual
be szitisfactory if more than one dividing wall or door
circumstances. Usually combined use of different types
separates it from the nearest sounder. At least one
of detectors is made to achieve appropriate standard
sounder for each fire compartment will be necessary.
of protection. The detectors working on different
Sound levels exceeding 120 dB (A) in areas which
principles of operation will respond differently to a
are occupied may produce hearing damage.
given fire situation. Also, a particular type of detector
4.4 Besides, the control centre, which may be located cannot detect a fire equally efficiently in all situations.
anywhere on the ground floor or even the basement, The design goal of an installation may be the protection
wherever necessary repeater or innunciated panel of life or property or both. This simple fact has wide
should be provided near the main entrance, so that and serious implications in the choice of detectors and
the maintenance staff notices the fault condition or warrants clear insight and understanding. Variable
isolation, if any, for rectification. factors that define a fire situation and have influence
4.5 A-control centre should be provided preferably in on choice and selection of detectors include the
ground floor where mimic panels, control and burning behaviour of combustible contents, structural
indicating equipment and other equipment associated characteristics of the area to be protected, environ-
with it should be installed. mental conditions, process(es) carried out and
ventilation including forced air flow. These factors
5 AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTOR vary from location to location leading to varying situa-
tions within the premises itself and necessitating the
5.1 The types of detectors covered in the standard are
given in 5.1.1and 5.1.2. use of a combination-of various type of detectors.

5.1.1Heat Detectors a) Heat detectors - These are suitable for use

in situation where sufficient heat is likely to
See IS 2175. be generated and damage caused by heat
5.1.1.1Fixed temperature generated by the fire constitutes main hazard.
This is to be minimized through early
The fixed temperature heat detectors are designed to detection. In many buildings, especially non-
operate when the temperature of the detector exceeds air-conditioned buildings, these conditions
a predetermined value. prevail where heat detectors can be
5.1.1.2 Rate of rise temperature-cum-fixed tempera- advantageously used. Heat detectors are,
ture detector however, not suitable for protection of places
where larger losses can be caused by small
The detectors are designed to operate within a given fires and where safety of-life is involved.
time:
b) Smoke detectors - Ionization smoke
a) when the rate of temperature rise at the detectors respond quickly to smoke
detector exceeds a predetermined value
containing small particles normally produced
regardless of the actual temperature; and also
in clean burning fires, but may respond
b) when temperature at the detector exceeds a slowly to optically dense smoke which may
predetermined value. be produced by smouldering materials.
Certain materials like PVC, when dverheated,
5.1.2 Smoke Detectors
produced mainly large particles to which
See IS 11360. ionization detectors are less sensitive. Optical
smoke detectors respond quickly to smoke,
5.1.2.1 Ionization smoke detectors
that is optically dense. Both types of detectors
Detectors emfiloying ionization chamber(s) as sensing have a sufficiently wide range of responses
means for detecting aerosols given-off of by fires. to be of general use.
5.1.2.2 Optical (photo electric) smoke detectors 5.2.1 Life Safety Installation
A detector whose operation is based on light Whenever optical density of smoke exceeds~0.1 dB/m

3
IS 2189 : 1999

(10 m visibility), temperatures rises beyond 66’C and type used alternately).
concentration of carbon monoxide in atmosphere
exceeds 0.04 ~percent, and human survival is 5.2.2.2 Archives, high value libraries, and museums
endangered. An alarm should be initiated before these with high value combustibles should be protected by
combination of heat and smoke detectors. The heat
limits are reached so that the occupants are able to
escapeto safety.Time overriding priority is to be given detectors should be used on the racks and cupboards
for detection of smoke becauseof the followingfactors: and~smokedetectors in open space on the ceiling.
5.2.2.3 Flammable liquid in small quantities stored
a) Main threat to life in a fire emergency in confined spaces where ambient temperature is high
emanates from smoke and toxic fumes;
or where chances of rapid heat build up exist (such as
b) Smoke and lethal gases travel rapidly to areas garages, repair shops, store areas, etc), heat detectors
away from fire due to strong convection should be provided.
currents threatening the life of the occupants
even at far away places; and 6 SITING OF FIRE DETECTORS
c) Detectable quantity of smoke from a hostile 6.1 At the time of installation and prior to
fire precede detectable heat level and the
development of lethal atmosphere. commis$ioning, every fire detector should be allotted
an identification number, preceded by alphabetic
In a life safety installation,.it is therefore, essential to initials showing the type of detectors, for example,
(1) pay primary attention to early detection of smoke SD(I) 20 meaning Smoke Detector, Ionization - 20,
and to protect escape routes including those areasfrom SD (OT) 3(Smoke Detector Optical - 3), FT 2 (Fixed
which the routes might be hazarded by smoke Temperature - 2), FR 1 (Fixed Temperature Pate of
detectors, (2) ensure operation of detectors on escape Temperature Rise - l), etc. A record of this should
route before optical density exceeds 0.05 dB/m that be maintained in the control centre.
is, visibilityfalls below 20 m, and (3) take into account
any scheme of pressurization/smoke control while 6.2 Heat detectors should be so installed that the
providing detectors there. sensing element is not less than 25 mm and not more
than 150 mm below the ceiling/roof level. For smoke
5.2.1.1 Heat detectors are not suitable for detecting detectors, the-sensing element should not be less than
fire installation of life safety and in slow buming/air- 25 mm andnot more than 600 mm below the ceiling/
conditioned premises where temperatures required to roof level except as necessary by site test. Where
operate them may only be reached after the smoke possibility of stratification exists, the level of
density in the escape route/circulation areas has stratitication should be determined by measuring the
reached to the critical level. vertical gradient of smoke density and additional
detector provided below the stratifying level if
5.2.1.2 Heat detectors are suitable in compartments considered necessary by the site test.
where heat producing equipment (for example,kitchen
and pantry,etc) are used in closetsor other unsupervised 6.3 Spacing Requirements of Detectors Covering
spacescompact areas with low value contents. General Cases
5.2.2 Pmperty Safety Installation The spacing is defined as distance to be kept between
People are not always present, mobile or alert in all adjacent detectors. A fire is sized in terms of heat
parts of premises housing propertyeven during normal energy it releases per unit time. Fire sizes important
occupancy hours. Premises may remain unattended for automatic detection and alarm vary from 105.5kW
or unsupervised’forlong and short periods. When fire (100 BTU/s) for small fires to 1 266 kW (1 200 BTU/
starts in such areas it gets time to grow to a stage s) for fast developingfires. A heat release rate of 527.5
where it cannot be easily extinguished. Installation of kW (500 BTU/s) represents a fire of medium size and
fire detectors enables early detection and easy is taken as ‘threshold of detection’ thus covering
extinctionby reducing delay betweenignition and start majorityof the cases.The detectorsshould be so spaced
of fire fightingmeasures. As rapid and extensive loss that detection occursbeforefire intensity growsbeyond
of property is caused by flaming combustion,detectors 527.5 kW. Then, the fire could be controlled by first
should:be efficient in detecting flaming fire to keep aid, fire fighting equipment.Fast fire growth rate (least
losses td a minimum. It is important to minimize value) has been considered along with temperature
incidence of false alarms particularly when detectors change of the order of 33.3OC.
are hooked up to actuate means of automatic This general criterion has been followed for spacing
extinction. Automatic extinction should generally be
the detectors under a smooth and horizontal ceiling
initiated only on confirmation of two detecting signals
to avoid possibility of false actuation. with no forced air-flow. Table 1 gives general values
of spacing parameter(s) at different ceiling heights for
5.2.2.1 Computer/EDP centre/other electronic open areas under smooth and flat ceiling with no-
equipment which have a very high value should be forced ventilation/air-flows.
protected by smoke detectors (optical and ionization

4
 I!32189 : 1999

Table 1 Spacing(s) at Different Ceiling Heights

(Clauses6.3,6.3.2,6.5and6.17)
All values in me&es.

Spacing for Ceil@ Height(s)

Type of Detectors up to 4.0 5.0 6.0 1.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Remluks
3.5
(1) (2) (3) (4) (3) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
Smoke detectors lhe spacing in
conforming to IS 11360 No No No corridors should,
9
both ionization and optical Chance Chance Chance 7.5 6.5 6.0 5.0 not be greater than
type 3 s/2;
Grade 1
(time instant 7 No 6 5 5 4 3 Nil
Chance
Heat 20 s)
detectors 1 Spacing from the
conforming Gradeinstant
2 6 5.5 5 4 3.5 3 Nil Nil boundary wall should
(time be kept S/2
to IS 2175 40 s)
Grade 3
(time instant 5 4s 4 3 3.5 Nil Nil Nil
60 s)

NOTE -The spacings have been adopted from chart0 of Fiie Detection Institute of America, adopting the parameters mentioned in 6.3
(nearest/rounded off values).

NOTE - The spacings have been adopted from the charts pub- Table 2 Modified Spacing for High
lished by Fire Detection Institute of America and adopted by NFPA Air Movement Areas
(National Fire Protection Association of America). The spacing
for parameters other than those considered here can be found from (Clause 6.3.2)
these charts. (Not to-be used for underfloor or above
6.3.1In case of computer/EDP centre/otber electronic ceiling spaces.)
equipment installed in air-conditioned areas, the Air Changes/Hour Multiplying Factor for ModUled
following requirements should apply: Spacing (Area of Coverage)
(1) (2)
a) Both ionization and optical type (in the ratio 7.5orless
of 1:l), smoke detector should be used on l(1)
8.6 0.95 (0.91)
cross-zoning pattern. 10 0.91 (0.83)
b-1 Optical type detector should be used below 12 0.83 (0.70)
15 0.74 (0.55)
false floor specially where cablejoints exist; 20 0.64 (0.40)
cl The exact locations where detectors should 30 0.50 (0.25)
be installed on ceiling/below false floor 60 0.38 (0.15)
NOTES
should be determined after observing/
1 Detectors should not be located where air from supply diffusers
studying air movements. This could be done could dilute smoke before it reach thedetector. Detectors should
by suitable smoke generating -devices and be mounted so as to favour the air flow towards return openings.
observing smoke density by suitable This is not to disturb the normal population (count) of detectors
measuring instruments; and which is provided assuming that air handling system is OH.
2 Rounding off values may be done to nearest to 0.25 m
d) All the detectors in the rooms, below false 3~In above ceiling areas which are designed as common returns
floor, above false ceiling or generally hidden for WAC Systems, the air circulating through them is usually at
should have external responseindicatorssited a higher velocity than would be prevalent in the room below. This
at prominent place. should be taken into account by suitably reducingthe spacing It
should be ensured that high velocity does not increase the possi-
6.3.2 The spacing/area of coverage values given in bility of false alarms and that detectors are compatible with air
velocities present.
Table 1 are to be reduced in areas having high air
4S~edeteetorspl~inare~usedtohandleen~lir
movement. The modified values are given in Table 2 should not beused as substitute for open area protection because :
for different rates of air change. Air change per hour a) smoke may not be drawn into the areaa when the venti-
is defined as 60 x volume per minute of air supply to lating system is off; and
the protected space divided by the volume of the b) the detector will be less responsive to a fw conditions
protected space. in rooms of fire origin due to dilution

5
IS 2189 : 1999

6.4 Smoke/heat detectors should be located upon the 6;9 Sloped Ceilings
ceiling not less than 100 mm from the side wall, or on
A row of detectors should first be spaced and located
the side wails between 100 and 300 mm from the
at or within lm of the peak of the ceiling measured
ceiling.
horizontally. The number and the spacing of additional
NOTE - In case of solid joists, detectors should be mounted on detectors, if any, should Abebased on horizontal
the bottom of the joist, and where beams are less than 300 mm in
projection of the ceiling.
depth and less than 2.5 m on centre to centre, detector should be
mounted on the bottom of the beams. NOTE - For a roof slope of less than 30 degrees, all the detec-
tors should be spaced utilizing the height of the peak. For roof
6.5 Smooth Ceiling Spacing slope greater than 30 degrees, the average slope height should be
used for all detectors other than those located in the peak.
a) The distance between the detectors should not
exceed their spacing as specified in Table 1 6.10 Where storage is done on racks or shelves, the
and there should be detectors within a height of the racks/shelves should be restricted to 1 m
distance of one-half of the determined below the ceiling. If space is divided into sections by
spacing, measured at right angle from all storage racks/shelves or partitions reaching to within
walls or partitions extending to within 450 mm of the ceiling, the separate sections should
450 mm of the ceiling, or be considered as separate enclosures.
b) All points on the ceiling should have 6.11 Additional detector should be placed on the
detectors within a distance equal to 0.7 times ceiling at a position 1.5 m from any opening which
the specified spacing. might act like a flue.

6.6 Irregular Area 6.12 A~detector should be placed on the protected side
of the premises on the ceiling 1.5 m, from any door,
For irregular shaped areas, the spacing between the window or any opening in the wall partitions
detectors may be greater than the determined spacing separating the protected premises from the other
provided the maximum spacing from the detector to premises.
the furthest point of a side wall or comer within its
zone of protection is not greater than 0.7 times the 6.13 All stairwells, lift shafts, other utility shafts, etc,
determined spacing. should have a detector at the top. Lift machine rooms
should be provided with a detector.
6.7 Solid Joist Construction
6.14 All unenclosed staircases should have one
The spacing of heat detectors, when measured at right detector at each main landing within the staircase.
angles to the solid joists, should not exceed 50 percent
6.15 The detector should also be provided in cable
of the smooth ceiling spacing. The spacing of~smoke
tunnels, ducts, false floors, AC & AHU room, long
detectors should not be affected if joists are 200 mm
AC return ducts and distribution boards.
or less in depth. Where joists exceed 200 mm in depth,
the spacing of smoke detectors in the direction 6.16 No detector should be subjected to any interior
perpendicular to the joist should be reduced by twice decoration treatment that is painting, alteration of
the depth of obstruction. exterior cover, etc, to conform with the environment.
6.8 Beam Construction 6.17 Every enclosure (that is, room or cabin) should
have a detector even though the area may be less than
For heat detectors, beam construction should be treated
as a-smooth ceiling if the beam projects not more than the maximum prescribed in Table 1.
100 mm below the ceiling. If the beam projects more ~6.18 Where there is more than one such enclosure
than 100 mm below the ceiling, the spacing of heat (see 6.17) per floor, a response indicator should be
detectors at right angles to the direction of the beam travel installed at the entrance to such enclosures to indicate
should not be more than two-thirds of the smooth ceiling where the detector has actuated. This arrangement
spacing. If the beams projects more than
should also be followed in case of all concealled
450 mm below and are more than25 m on centms, each
detectors in false floors, plenums, shafts, tunnels, etc.
bay formed by beams should be treated a separate area.
NOTE - For smoke detectors, ceiling with beams/joist depth up
6.19 Muds as in false ceiling/flooring not more than
to 200 mm should be considered as smooth ceiling Ifbeam depth 800 mm height need not necessarily have independent
exceed~200 mm, the spacing of smoke detectors (except that of coverage unless the void is such that the spread of fire
the long projected beam type) should be reduced by twice the depth products between rooms or compartments take place
of obstruction. If the beams exceed 450 mm in depth and are more
than 2.5 m on centreseach bay formed should be treated as sepa-
through it. Bathroom, lavatories, WC, etc, however,
rate enclosure requiring at least one smoke detector. need not be protected.

6
 IS 2189 : 1999

7 SECTOR/ZONE PANELS AND C&I 7.8 Silencing

EQUIPMENT
The operation of silencing switch either for general
7.1 The sector/zone panel should be installed on fire alarm sounders or for signal controlling internal
individual sector/zone of the building and should audio alarm of C & I equipment (see 7.17) should
eonform to the requirements given in Annex B. cause an audible signal to be given in or near the
C & I equipment. This audible signal which may be
7.2 The C & I equipment and other control panel
the same as that for fault warning, is intended to act
should be wall mounting/floor standing type and
as a remainder that the silencing switch has been
should be made of mild steel sheet conforming to
operated, and should give a distinctive sound different
IS 5 13. The minimum thickness of sheet should be
-from that of any other alarm sounder (external or
1.6 mm. The colour should be fire red (Shade No. 536
internal to C & I equipment).
of IS 5).
NOTE - The requirement given here are not necessary in systems
7.3 Electronic/Electric circuit should have relay where automatic re-set is provided.
conforming to the relevant Indian Standard.
7.9 Visual Alarm Signals
7.4 Each sector/zone indicator, indicating fireshould
consist of two LED/filament bulbs conforming to In general, visual signals should only be used to
relevant Indian Standards connected in parallel. In supplement audible alarms. A defect in visual alarm
case of fault indicators, only done LED/filament bulb should not cause a defect in audible alarm or vice-
should be used - open and short circuit separately. versa. Only in special cases where audible alarm is
Fire warning indicator should be clearly labelled and ineffective, such as when the occupants are deaf,
coloured red while fault warning indicator should be immobile, etc, visual alarms can be used in lieu of
clearly labelled and coloured amber. external alarm sounders.
7.5 The sector panels should have the power capacity 7.10 Stages of General Fire Alrrms
to be connected to all the zones in the sector. In
addition, it should have facility for connections to General fire alarm system through external sounders
external sounders. can be provided in either of the following ways:

7.6 If required, the panel should have additional a) Single Stage Continuous Alarm - In this
capacity to operate auxiliary equipment like fire scheme, a continuous alarm (evacuation
dampers, fire closers, ventilation and/or pressurizing alarm or signal) sounds in the sector/zone of
fans, emergency light, smoke exhausters, etc. Failure fire and also on the C & I equipment
rate of power at the local sector panel should be (see 7.15) with a provision on C dc I equip-
indicated in the main control room. ment to sound continuous general~fire alarm
throughout the ~protected premises. This is
7.7 Fire Alarm/External Fire Alarm Sounders normally done, particularly in smaller
premises, sparely populated premises or
A number of external fire alarm sounders are generally
storage premises.
required for protective premises. The number and
distribution of these alarms in the premises should be b) Two-Stage General Alarms - In this scheme,
such that the sound level/audibility requirements are two-stage alarm is provided in which a
met. With a view to alert the occupants and initiate continuous evacuation alarm is immediately
fire fighting actions with the least delay. given in sector/zone of fire or in a restricted
area, together with intermittent ‘alert’ signal
7.7.1 The grouping of external fire alarm sounders in other parts and on C & I equipment. The
can be done in either of the following way. The
provision should be made at C & I equipment
grouping scheme should. be reflected in fire for changing the ‘alert’ signal to ‘evacuate’
instructions issued for the use of the occupants. signal in any area, either manually or &era
a) Sounding of alarms can be so arranged that pre-determined period, automatically. In
any alarm operates all the sounders deciding the time delay between ‘alert’ and
throughout the premises. This grouping is ‘general evacuation’, consideration should
particularly suitable for smaller premises. be given to the communications that may be
needed to control the evacuation.
b) Sounding of alarms can be so arranged that
the alarms sound~initially in the sector of fire The ‘evacuation’ signal should be continuous and
origin or in this zone and on its adjoining intermittent ‘alert’ signal should have ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’
areas, or in this zone and in specially selected periods of 1.Of 0.5 s each.
areas of high flammability or difficult egress.
7
IS 2189 : 1999

In large installations and extensive high rise buildings, NOTE - Provision in this clause are not necessary in case of
automatic reset system.
two-stage alarm scheme may be more desirable to
evacuate first the sector/zone where fire exists, other 7.18 The equipment should be so designed that,
high risk areas or restricted areas and simultaneously following the silencing of alarm sounders, in the event
‘alert’ other areas. of subsequent operation of detector mcp in any other
zone, further fire alarm as specified in 7.15(a) and (b)
7.11 Special System should be given.
Here the alarm sounds only in the control centre of 7.19 Any fault signal as specified in 7.22 which the
the C & I equipment and may also have public address C & I equipment may be giving should not prevent a
facility to alert personnel who are mobile within or in fire alarm being given, if the detector actuates at the
the vicinity of the building. same time or subsequently from the other zone.
7.12 Depending on the choice of the system, C & I
equipment should have necessary controls. Where two 7.20 Fault Signals
stage alarm is chosen, zonahsectors panels and C & I An immediate fault warning should be given by (a)
equipment are needed and in case of single stage zonaY visible indicator (amber) on the sector/zone control
sector panels are not needed. panel (where provided), and (b) an audible-alarm and
7.13 The system may also adopt any of the cabling visible indicator (amber) on the C & 1 equipment in
scheme, that is connecting zones/sectors directly to the control centre. The audible alarm should be distinct
the C & I equipment or through zone/sector control from the tire alarm. ZI
panels. 7.21 The zonal arrangement in the panel should be
7.14 The audible and visual alarm state should be modular and mere replacement of fault module/relay
maintained by the sector/zonal control panels and plug in components~should put the alarm system back
control panel of C & I equipment without a continued in operation.
signal from fire detector. The sound characteristics of 7.22 Fault warning shouldbe given at C & I equipment
the alarm should be similar throughout the protected in the event of the following occurrences:
premises.
a) Failure or disconnection of normal power
7.15 Fire Alarm Intimation suPPlY*
The operation of fire detector/manual call point should W Failure or disconnection of standby power
initiate transmission of signal(s) resulting in : suPPlY*
cl Failure or disconnection of battery charging
a) an audible signal on the C & I equipment equipment,
(internal audio alarm C & I equipment),
d) Short-circuit or disconnection of the leads to
b) a visual signal in the C & I equipment, trigger devices unless the fault condition
cl at least one external alarm sounder, reproduces the effect of the operation of a
d) a visible indication for each sector/zone in triggered device,
which a detector/mcp operations, and e>Removal of any triggered device of the plug
e) an audible signal (alert) on sector/zonal panel in type or disconnection from its transmitter
concerned where sector/zonal panels have or power supply,
been provided. Short-circuit or disconnection of any of the
leads to alarm sounders external to the control
7.16 In case of two stage alarm systems, if the alarm
and indicating equipment but if the alarm
in the first instance is not acknowledged on C & I
sounders are connected by a ring circuit,
equipment, preferably within 60 s, a general evacuate
disconnection need not be immediately
alarm should sound on all the floors.
indicated but should be capable of being
7.17 Silencing of Fire Alarm detected by the routine test procedure,

The audible alarm(s) as specified in (a) and(b) of 7.15

lit) Rupture or disconnection of any fuse on the
operation ofany protective devices that would
should continue to operate until silenced manually.
prevent a fire alarm being given, and
The alarm should not be silenced automatically. The
operation of the silencing switch should automatically h) Failure of a scanning device to interrogate
result in an audible/visual signal being given at C & I the detector or zones at the correct time
intervals or failure of any monitoring or
equipment until the fire alarm is reset.
interrogating system within the control

8
 IS 2189 : 1999

equipment, such as to prevent an alarmbeing points should be installed at a height of 1.4 m above
given. the floor at an easily accessible well lit position free
A facility may also be provided for sending fault signal of all obstructions. The call points should form the
to remote centre. integral part of fire detector system.

7.22.1 It is desirable to have distinct earth fault 7.32.2 Manual call points should be of the wall
indication on the zone wiring. mounting type. The housing should be dust proof and
moisture proof properly sealed with rubber lining. The
7.23 A facility should be provided for deliberate glass surface should be minimum 30 cm2 in area and
isolation of zones/sectors. This facility should be inside glass thickness should not exceed 2 mm. Once the
the panel not easily accessible to people. Whenever glass is broken, the alarm should sound on the floor
isolation is used, this should be given visible as well as on the C & I. equipment and light should
indication. glow to indicate its operation. The alarm should be
7.24 Circuits and mechanical design of the panel maintained by the control and indicating equipment
should be such that the operation of one indicator does even if someone presses the button subsequently.
not prevent the proper and separate operation of the
7.33 Control and Indicating Equipment Accessories
other indicators and the alarm is not inhibited by any
and Controls
defect/failure in the indicator.
7.33.1 Control and indicating equipment’should be
7.25 Each tire/fault indicator should be clearly labelled
installed in the control room on ground floor, or in
with the zone address on a metal label from which the
the case of industrial premises, separate process control
call originates.
rooms are provided, and should be of the wail
7.26 ‘System on’ and ‘Standby on’ indicators should mounting/desk/floor standing type.
be provided. Where system test key/switch is lockable,
7.33.2 The manual controls for switching off/on, main/
indicator should be provided.
standby power should not be accessible to outsiders.
7.27 Test facilities, should be provided to test alarm
7.33.3 All manual controls should be clearly labelled
circuit sounder, indicator, etc.
to indicate the mode of operation and their functions
7.28 The following should be provided : (metal label to be used).
a) Acknowledge button; 7.33.4 The C & I equipment should have electronic/
b) Where required, alarm cancel indicator; electrical relays conforming to relevant Indian
c) Isolation/reset-facility; and Standards and should have the following facilities :
d) Related fuses/protective devices a) A pair of red LED/bulb to indicate origin of
fire and an amber LED/bulb to indicate the
7.29 Sector/Zonal control panel should be provided
origin of fault,
with voltages appropriate to the rating of the inter-
connected detectors. The voltage drop in the cable b) A sounder with distinct audible sounds for
risers should be taken into account. tire and fault alarm;
cl Audible signal acknowledge/silence button
7.30 Fire Alarm (Sounder) and lamp/LED to indicate its operation,
Depending on the floor area and its layout, external whenever necessary;
audible fire alarm sounders should be provided to give d) Voltmeter and ammeter should be provided
the required sound level with a minimum of a pair of on main dc power circuit;
sounders in parallel. The number of fire sounders e) ‘Systems on’ standby on indicators, test key/
should be sufficient to produce the sound levels as button operation indicator and facility to
specified in 4.3. isolate zonal/sector/ main control panel from
the rest of the system;
7.31 The circuit feeding power from control panel to
these fire alarm devices should be a ring circuit. If a 0 Where sector panel is isolated, its signal
ring circuit is not provided, design provision to give should come on the main control panel and
fault signal on C & I equipment in the event of short where zonal panel is isolated the signal
circuit or disconnection should be made. should come on the sector panel;
g) Failure of any indicator circuit should not
7.32 Manual Call Points prevent the fire alarm from sounding, nor
7.32.1 On each floor, one or more manual call points acknowledgement/silencing of the alarm
should be installed, preferably on the exit routes. Call from one zone should prevent another alarm

9
IS 2189 : 1999

coming from the other zone on the same 8.4 Main connection to the system should be arranged
sector; such that the mains supply to the system (which is
h) Switch to actuate alarms from C & I through exclusive switch-fuse) is not interrupted as a
equipment to one or more sectors/zones; result of switching off mains power to premises/other
services. Provisions made for normal and standby
j) Test facility to check fire alarm/fault circuit,
indicators; and power supply should be such that the switch-over from
one supply to another is automatic and each is capable
k) The facility for indicators to acknowledge the of supplying the largest load to be placed on them
operation of the ancillary system. (One colour
under normal, fire and fault conditions.
codeshould be associated with one ancillary
service and one or more indicator per zone.) 8.5 The standby power supply should be capable of
NOTE -In high rise/special buildings like educational, institu-
maintaining the system in normal operation for a
tional, assembly, business, mercantile and hotels, a handset/two- period of not less than 48 h after the failure of normal
way speaker with relevant indication switches should be provided mains supply after which sufficient capacity would
for voice communication with different floors when the circuit is remain to provide full load operation for at least 30
actuated by inserting the handset in manual call point socket. (This
is not a part of the tire alarm system.)
minutes. The full load would be defined as that caused
by the operation of all the alarm sounders operating
7.33.5 All zonabsector control panels and control and simultaneously, operation of a detector in at least 25
indicating equipment should be provided with proper percent of zones (with a minimum of two zones) and
earthing. the operation of the fault indicator. The operation of
trigger devices in further zones should not result in
8 POWER SUPPLY
cancellation of fire alarms existingat that time.
8.1 The system should derive its power from either: NOTE - Where failure of normal mains supply is not likely to
be made good within 24 h due to long unattended/unoccupied
a) the mains electricity supply single phase periods, the system inspection frequency need to be. arranged at
(normal supply), or intervals such that in the e. ent of normal mains supply failure, at
b) the standby power supply that should be least 24 h standby capacitj remains at the time of next inspection.
immediately available in the event of failure 8.6 Standby power supply derived from exclusive back-
of normal supply and should be automatically up batteries should have provision of automatic
connected (automatic switch-over) so as to charging and automatic load switch-over whenever
maintain the equipment in ready condition normal mains supply fails. It should be ensured that
of taking the maximum load. The standby charging conditions are matched to the system. The
should be derived mostly from exclusive rate of battery charging should be such that, having
secondary batteries where captive power discharged to its final voltage, the battery can comply
generation (like automatically started with the recommendations of 8.5 after a charging
generation, continuously running generation) period of 24 h.
is readily and certainly available, such as in
process plants, industrial complexes and 8.7 The voltage of the batteries should be monitored
other occupancies, a standby can be derived and low voltage indicated on C & I equipment.
from there.
9 CABLES AND THEIR INSTALLATION AND
8.2 The C & I equipment should be connected to the CIRCUITS
mains via a switch-fuse reserved solely for thepurpose,
its cover being painted red and labelled ‘FIRE 9.1 Cables
ALARM“D0 NOT SWITCH OFF’. Switch-fuse The cables should conform to the following :
should be contained in a securely closed box and the
condition of ‘main-on’ should be indicated by a new a) PVC insulated copper conductor cables
lamp. The voltage and ampere ratings should be conforming to IS 694 having minimum
compatible with the requirements of various parts of 1 mm2 cross-sectional areas, if~stranded, at
the system and the power capacity of the power least 0.5 mm2 cross-section should be used.
supplies should meet the maximum load likely to be b) Rubber insulated braided cables conforming
placed on the system. to IS 9968 (Part 1).
8.3 The minimum capacity of the normal mains supply cl Armoured PVC/rubber insulated cables
conforming to IS 1554 (Part 1).
should be calculated so as to meet the total power
consumption of the entire system in quescent condition 9.2 The cables used should be exclusively for fire
plus that of all the sounders and 25 percent zones in detection system. The multicore cables should not be
alarm condition. shared for other low voltage or high voltage circuits.

10
 IS 2189 : 1999

Cables/wiring should be laid down in metallic/rigid 11.2 The installer should supply the user with a log
PVC conduits. book. The log book should be maintained for recording
details, iin&ding causes of all the alarms (genuine,
9.3 Cables connected to detectors should be given ‘S’ 1~ .
practice, test or Ihlse), faults, service tests and routine
loop on both sides of the detectors which should be
inspections, servicing/repairs, etc, as and when done.
properly clamped to the ceiling. Loop should also be
Periods of disco nnection/inoperation should also be
left where cables connect sounders, panels, dampers,
shown.
etc. Appropriate glands should be provided where the
caote enters tne junction oox. 12 INSPECTION,TESTING AND MAINTENANCE
9.4 All the cables and wires should be tagged for proper
12.1 General
identification. Wires should be identified by ferrules
at junction and cables by colour bands at every 3 m Even a well designed and properly installed automatic
distance. fire alarm system will not be able to render-reliable
and trouble-free service unless high standards of
9.5 When connecting different buildings, etc, overhead
maintenance and supervision are ensured during the
lines for fire alarm system should not be used. They
entire service period of the systemRegular inspections
should be laid underground according to IS 1255.
and scheduled preventive maintenance are critical and
10 CONTROL CENTRE should include all the components of the system.

10.1 In high rise buildings and special buildings 12.2 Initial Installation Inspection Tests
(see 7.32.2), a control centre of an area of 16 m2 to
12.2.1 After installation, a visual inspection of all the
20 m2 should be provided where the control and
detectors should be made to make ‘s‘urethat they are
indicating equipment, power supply units and other
properly sited. Each detector should be inspected to
fire protection ancillary panels could be installed. This
ensure that it is properly mounted and connected.
should preferably be on ground floor (floor one).
12.2.2 Restorable heat detectors and restorable
10.2 The control centre room should have attached
elements of combination detectors should be tested by
WC bath, drinking water facilities and appropriate
a heat source, such Asia hair dryer, or a shielded heat
tables, chairs, record racks, etc.
lamp until it responds, making sure that the sensing
10.3 The control centre room should have emergency element is not damaged. After each heat test, the
lighting
- -. system. detector should be reset. Precautions should be taken
to avoid damage of the non-restorable fixed
10.4 The control centre room should have intercom
temperature element of a combination rate of rise/fixed
and direct telephone facilities. Where possible, a direct
temperature detector.
hotline or any other means of communication to local
fire brigade should be provided. 12.2.3 Non-resettable fixed temperature heat detectors
which are not to be wheat-tested should be tested
10.5 The control centre room should have mimic panel
mechanically or electrically for fire alarm function.
of the premises protected and details of all the fire
protection systems. Fire orders should be prominently 12.2.4 Heat detectors with replaceable fusible alloy
displayed. element should be tested first by removing the element
to see whether contacts operate properly and then
10.6 Control centre in air conditioned premises should
re-inserting them in proper position.
be segregated from the rest of the buildings, preferably
by an independent AX system. 12.2.5 In periodic testing, heat detectors should be
visually examined for damage or other conditions
11 INSTRUCTION MANUAL (such as heavy coats of paints, etc) likely to interfere
11.1 The record drawings and operating instructions with the correct operation.
should be supplied by the installers on completion of the 12.2.6 Each smoke detector should be tested to initiate
installation. Drawings should clearly indicate, for an alarm at~its installed location with smoke or other
maintenance and record purposes, the position of various approved aerosol which demonstrates that the smoke
items of the equipment, junction boxes, sizes and routes can enter the chamber and initiate an alarm.
of all cables and wires and such other relevant details. If
so desired by the user, circuit diagrams of fire alarm 12.2.7 In order to ensure that each smoke detector is
system and its components should also be supplied. These within its sensitivity range, it should be tested using
drawings and operating instructions should be kept up- either :
todate and be available for convenient reference and a) a calibrated test method, or
should be located in the control room.
11
IS 2189 : 1999

b) a manufacturer’s /supplier’s approved should be notified of any test of the system that may
calibrated sensitivity test instrument, or result in the sounders being operated.
c) approved control equipment arranged for the 12.4.3 Daily Attention by the User
purpose, or
d) other approved calibrated sensitivity test A check should be made every day to ascertain that :
method. a) the panel indicates normal operation; if not,
12.2.7.1 Detectors found to have a sensitivity outside that any fault indicatedqis recorded in the log
the approved range should be replaced. book and is receiving urgent attention; and

NOTE - Detector sensitivity cannot be tested or measured using b) any fault warning recorded the previous day
any spray/smoke producing device that administers an unmeasured has received attention.
concentration of aerosol/smoke into the detector.
12.4.4 Weekly Attention by the User
12.3 Servicing/Periodical Maintenance
The following tests should be made every week to
12.3.1 To ensure that regular and reliable servicing/ ensure that the system is capable of operating under
maintenance of the systems and its components is alarm conditions.
carried out, any of the following methods should be
adopted : a) Once a week, at least one trigger device or
end of line switch on one zone circuit should
a) Through an agreement/contract with the be operated to test the ability of the control
competent contractor who should attend to. and indicating equipment to receive a signal
the maintenance/repair, when necessary, and to sound the alarm and operate other
promptly. warning devices. If there is more than one
W Where no such service contract can be entered zone on a system having unmonitored wiring,
into for any reason, at least one qualified each unmonitored zone should be tested each
employee of the user with suitable experience week, but without sounding the alarm more
of electrical equipment should undergo than once. For systems having monitored
special training fo deal with all aspects of wiring and up to 13 zones, each zone should
basic servicing and maintenance, including be tested in turn but if there are more than
routine sensitivity tests/checks of the 13 zones, more than one zone may need to
detectors, as and when required. be tested in any week so that the interval
between tests on one zone does not exceed
12.3.2 For institutional occupancies, such as hospitals, 13 weeks. It is preferable that each time a
hotels, old people’s homes, etc, the provision should -particular zone is tested, a ditferent trigger
include a requirement that an engineer should be on device is used. An entry should be made in
call at all times and that request over the telephone the log book quoting the particular trigger
for emergency service should be executed promptly, device that has been used to-initiate the test.
within 24 h. Servicing arrangement should be made If the operation of the alarm sounders and/or
immediately on completion of the installation whether the transmission of the alarm signal has been
the premises are occupied or not. If the premises are prevented by disconnection, then a further test
not occupied, special precautions should be taken, if should be carried out to prove the final
necessary, to protect the system against damage by reinstatement to the sounders, and if
dampness or other causes. permissible, the alarm transmission circuits;
and
12.4 Maintenance’ Schedule
b) A visual examination of the battery and
12.4.1 It is the responsibility of the user of the connections should be made to ensure that
equipment to ensure that proper instructions are they are in good condition. Action should be
obtained from the manufacturer/supplier or installer taken to remedy any defect, including low
regarding the routine attention and test procedures. electrolyte level.
12.4.2 The routine to be adopted in individual premises Any defect noticed should be recorded in the log book
may vary with the use of the premises; equipment and reported to the responsible person, and action
installed in corrosive or dirty environmental conditions should be taken to correct it.
will need to be checked more thoroughly and at more
frequent intervals than that in clear and dry situations. 12.4.5 Quarterly Inspection and Test by the User
Care should be taken that all equipment is properly The following check-list and test sequence should be
reinstated after testing. The occupants of the-premises carried out :

12
 IS 2189 : 1999

a) Entries in the log book since the previous each year, and the selection should be done
inspection should be checked and any in such a way that all the detectors in an
necessary action taken. installation shall have been checked once
in every 5 years - replacement by a new one.
b) Batteries and their connections should be
examined and tested to ensure that they are c> Each detector should be checked for correct
in good serviceable condition. operation using specified test equipment and
method, except non-resettable detectors. The
c) Where applicable, secondary batteries should
checks to be carried out are specified in 12.2.2
be examined to ensure that the specific gravity
to 12.2.5 in respect of heat detectors and,
of electrolyte in each cell is correct. Necessary
12.2.6 and 12.2.7 in respect of smoke
remedial action should be taken and an
detectors.
appropriate entry made in the log book. Care
should be taken to ensure that hydrometers, d> Visual inspection should be made to confirm
vessels, etc, used in the servicing of alkaline that all cable fittings and equipment are
secondary cells are not contaminated by acid secure, undamaged and adequately protected.
and vice-versa. Contamination of electrolyte e> At least once in every three years at the
can ruin a cell. annual inspection, the electrical installation
d) Primary batteries, including reserves, should should be tested. Any defect should be
be tested to verify that they are satisfactory recorded in log book and suitable remedial
for a further period. action should be taken.
e) The alarm function of Control and Indicating On completion of the annual inspection, the
equipment should be checked by the operation entry should be made in register in respect of
of a trigger device in each zone as described. defects found. After the defects are rectified,
The operation of alarm sounders and any link the entries should then again be made.
to a remote manned centre should be tested.
12.5 General Points about Detectors
All ancillary functions of the control panel
should also be tested where practicable. All It is essential (particularly for installations involving
fault indicators and their circuits should be life hazard) to ensure specified range of sensitivityof
checked preferably by simulation of fault the detectors being installed and that the correct degree
conditions. The Control and Indicating of sensitivity is maintained. Users should satisfy
equipment should be visually inspected for themselves on this point, Sensitivity range should be
signs of moisture ingress and other checked on equipment as already specified. It is
deterioration. essential to apply frequent sensitivity checks and
t) A visual inspection should be made that routine tests as prescribed in the code so that the correct
structural or occupancy changes have not sensitivity levels/degree is maintained during the
affected the requirements for the sting of entire service span of the installation (see 12.2.7).
trigger devices (manual call points, smoke
12.6 Cleaning and Maintenance
detectors and heat detectors). The visual
inspection should also confirm that a clear Detectors require periodic cleaning to remove dust or
space of at least 750 mm radius is preserved dirt that has accumulated, the frequency of cleaning
in all directions below every detector, that depending on the type of detector and the local ambient
the detectors are preferably sited and that all conditions. In any case, the interval should not exceed
manual call points-remain unobstructed and a period of 3 months. For each detector, the cleaning,
conspicuous. checking, operating and sensitivity adjustment should
be attempted only after consulting manufacturers’
Any defect should be recorded in the log book and
instructions. These instructions should detail methods
reported to the responsible person, and action should
such as creating vacuum to remove loose dust and
be taken to correct it.
insects, and cleaning heavy greasy deposits, following
12.4.6.4nnual Inspection Tests partial disassembly or the cleaning or the washing of
detectors to remove contamination,~the sensitivity test
The following checks and test sequence should be
requirements in accordance with the relevant clauses
carried out :
should be performed.
a) The instruction and test routines detailed
in 12.4.5 (a) to (I). 12.7 Tests Following an Alarm or Fire
b) Operation of at least 20 percent of the All detectors suspected of exposure to a fire condition
detectors in an installation should be checked should be tested in accordance with the provisions
13
IS 2189 : 1999

contained in this code pertaining to annual inspection during detector testing. If detectols are removed for
tests. In addition, a visual check of the battery charger testing or servicing, replacement detectors should be
should be carried out to ensure perfect serviceability. provided.
However, a check should be made to the extent of
damage, if any, to the cables and other components 12.9 Spares
and also the operation of the systems as a whole.
It may not be necessary to keep spares in premises
12.8 System Disconnection During Testing other than covers for manual cafl points and fuses and
other essential spares which should be worked out
Care should be taken to minimize the disruption of
the normal use of the building by alarm sounding based on installation.

ANNEX A
(Clause 2.1)
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STAN-DARDS

IS No. IMe IS No. Title

5 : 1994 Colours for ready mixed paints and upto and including 1 100 V (third
enamels yburth revision) revision)
513 : 1994 Cold rolled low carbon steel sheets 2175 : 1988 Heat sensitive fire detectors for use
and strips yburth prevision) in automatic fire alarm system
694 : 1990 PVC insulated cables for working (second revision)
voltages upto and including 1 100 V 8757 : 1978 Glossary of terms associated with
1255 : 1983 Code of practice for installation and tire safety
maintenance of power cables upto 9968 (Part 1) : Elastomer-insulated cables : Part 1
and including 33kV rating (second 1988 For working voltages up to and in-
revision) cluding 1 100 V yirst revision)
1554 (Part 1) : PVC insulated (heavy duty) electric 11360: 1985 Smoke detectors for use in automatic
1988 cables : Part 1 For working voltages electrical fire alarm system

14
 IS 2189 : 1999

ANNEX B
(Clause 7.1)
PERFORMANCE TESTS/REQUIREMENTS FOR CONTROL AND INDICATING EPUIPMENT

B-l GENERAL should be substantially constant during precondition,

during recovery and while a functional test is carried
B-l.1 Control& Indicating (C & I) equipment and
out.
sector/zonal panels should be subjected to performance
tests. For the purpose of these tests, standard B-2.2 Functional Test
production sample of equipment panel should be taken
and tested in minimum configuration arrangement. These tests should consist of the following operation
When the size is large, the tests are to applied to in sequence:
damage prone electronic/electric parts of the unit. Operate momentarily a trigger device
B-l.2 Proper operation of fire alarm sounder being (automatic detector/mcp) from any zone to
critical and essential, tests/performance criteria ensure correct functioning;
specified in B-3 shall apply to these devices. b) Operate alarm silencing switch to ensure
correct functioning;
NOTE -- It is the primary function of C & I equipment to raise
an effective alarm m response to the operation of a trigger device c> Operate another trigger device (detectorjmcp)
by automatically switching on alarm sounder at the protected- from another zone to ensure correct func-
premises, by indicating where the trigger device is situated and in
tioning of C & I equipment and sector/zonal
certain cases, by~transmitting a fire alarm signal to remote
location(s). Automatic indication ofthose faults directly effecting panel, in case of big/sectored equipment;
the primary function of the equipment is required. It is necessary d) Operate reset control to ensure correct
to specify routine testing scheme and routine test frequency (time functioning;
interval between tests). It is understood, however, that testing rou-
tine will vary widely with the type of equipment or system. All e) Check the audible and visible warnings given
technical information (instruction manual, operational data, wir- on disconnection of normal (mains) power;
ing and connection diagrams, provision of special and standard and
facilities and other relevant information) shall be provided with
the C & I equipment. Compatibility with other components/parts 0 Restore the equipment to quescent condition.
of fire alarm system shall be ensured.
The test specified under performance clause are type B-2.3 Test Environments
tests only that neither ensure uniformity of quality in The equipment should subjected to the following test
production nor remove the essentiality of regular environments.
inspection and maintenance which are essential for
reliable operation. B-2.3.1 Dry Heat Environment

C & I equipment shall be appropriately labelled to The equipment/electronic panels should be introduced
include model number or code, number of zone, fixed into the chamber/oven which should be at the ambient
or modular design and address of manufacturer/ temperature of the laboratory (see B-2.1.1). The
supplier. chamber should then be adjusted to temperature of
45’ to 5O’C and 40 to 45 percent relative humidity.
B-2 PERFORMANCE The rate of temperature rise should not exceed l”C/
min. After the temperature equilibrium in the chamber
B-2.1 Control and Indicating Equipment has been reached, the equipment should be exposed
Prior to conducting each of environmental to these conditions for 16 h continuously.
tests given in B-2.3, the equipment is preconditioned B-2.3.2 Damp Heat Environment
(see B-2.1.1) and checked for functional tests (see
B-2.2) and tier undergoing each of the environmental The equipment/electronic panel(s) should be
tests given in B-2.3 (after being stabilized), the introduced into a chamber which should be maintained
equipment is tested for functional tests (see B-2.2). at a temperature of 45 f 3°C and relative humidity of
90 to 95 percent. The equipment should be exposed to
B-2.1.1 Preconditionrng and Recovery these conditions for 16 h continuously.
Before and after each environmentai test the B-2.3.3 Cold Environment
temperature of the equipment should be allowed to
stabilize for at least 3 h to room ambient between 15°C The equipment/electronic ~panels while being at the
and 37’C -and relative humidity lying between 45 to ambient temperature of the laboratory, should be
85 percent. The ambient temperature and humidity introduced into the chamber, which should also be at

15
IS 2f89 : 1999

that temperature at the start. The temperature should IS 1!360) respectively i:nd brought into
then be lowered to 0 f 5°C at the rate not exceeding operation by essentially slow build up of
I’C/min. The equipment should be exposed to cold temperature and smoke concentration. Rate
environment for a period of 16 h after the temperature of rise of temperature shall be 3”C/min and
stability has been reached. The equipment should rate of smoke build up shall be less than
remain in the chamber during the recovery period 0.2dB/m as prescribed in the standard for
(of 3 h) with cooling off. measuring the response of smoke detectors.
B-2.3.4 Mbratrons B-3 FIRE ALARM SOUNDER
The equipment mounted on vibrating table in its
B-3.1 Continuous Normill Operation
normal operating position and by its normal fastenings
should be subjected to vibrations as given in IS 2175. The fire alarm sounder shall be able to operate
continuously for a period of at least 50 min without
B-2.4 Inspection and Performance Requirements
damage or malfunction. The sound output (peak value)
After each environmental test, the equipment should shall not vary by more than f SdB(A) during this
be opened and inspected for faults consequential to operation.
~that test. The equipment/panels shall be considered
satisfactory if : B-3.2 Sound Level/Characteristics

a) no damage is revealed during inspection The sound level (peak value) shall be not less than
which is a result of the faulty design or 65 dB(A) and not more than 120 dB(A) when
workmanship, and measured at a distance of 1.5 m (measured in audio-
metric chamber).
b) each operation made during the functional
tests specified above cause the equipment/ B-3.3 Environmental Stresses
panel to operate normally.
Construction and housing of sounder shall be such as
B-2.5 Operational Test to afford protection against fouling by dust and damage
With C & I equipment in its quescent condition for by other environmental stresses.
20 h, the cumulative effect of the operation of trigger Dust - One device shall be exposed to dust test as
device should be applied to each zone in succession, described in IS 11360.
the audible alarm being silenced between each
operation where this facility is provided. The Corrosion - One device shall be suspended in
equipment shall be considered satisfactory if all fire corrosive atmosphere of SO, as described in IS 2 175.
alarms supposed to be initiated by the operation of a Vibrations - One device shall be mounted on
trigger device functions normally and no fault warning vibrating table and shall be subjected to vibrations as
is given as a result of this test. In successive zone per IS 2 175.
activation process for a control panels having than
three zones, heat detectors, smoke detectors and mcps Climatic Conditions - One device shall be exposed
shall be used unless otherwise specified. The following to dry heat, damp heat and cold environment as
two conditions shall be observed : per B-2.3.1 to B-2.3.3 above.

a) At least one zone shall be activated by each After each environmental stress test, device shall be
type of trigger device, and inspected for fault(s) consequential to that test and its
b) mcp shall be mounted and operated as sound output measured. Device shall be considered
intended while heat and smoke detectors shall satisfactory if no damage is revealed and operates
be mounted (at least once) in hot air tunnel normally without output variation greater than
(as per IS 2 175) and smoke tunnel (as per f SdB(A).

16
IS 2189: 1999

(Conrrnued from page 17)

Memberr Representmg

SHRIHARISHSALET Vijay Fire Protection Systems Pvt Ltd, Mumbai

SHRIRAMESHR. DHOBLEV Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
SHRIS. M. DESAI Eureka Firetech~Pvt Ltd. Mumbai
SHRIG. B. MENON In personal capacity (16 Anrket Socrefy ManJalpuK G.I.D. C. Road, Vadodara)
SHRIASHOKSHARMA Mather and Platt (India) Ltd, Mumbai
SHRI A K. NANDI(Alternate)
MANAGINGDIRECTOR Loss Prevention Association of India, Mumbai
SHIUP. N. PANCHAL In personal capacity (Flat No. 46, Block E-l, Pocket II. Sector 15, Rohini, Delhi)
SW VINW KUMAR, Director General, BIS (Ex-officio Member)
Director (Civ Engg)

Member-Secretary
SHRISANJEEV&MLJRVEDl
Joint Director (Civ En%), RI.9

18
IS 2189: 1999

(Conrrnued from page 17)

Memberr Representmg

SHRIHARISHSALET Vijay Fire Protection Systems Pvt Ltd, Mumbai

SHRIRAMESHR. DHOBLEV Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai
SHRIS. M. DESAI Eureka Firetech~Pvt Ltd. Mumbai
SHRIG. B. MENON In personal capacity (16 Anrket Socrefy ManJalpuK G.I.D. C. Road, Vadodara)
SHRIASHOKSHARMA Mather and Platt (India) Ltd, Mumbai
SHRI A K. NANDI(Alternate)
MANAGINGDIRECTOR Loss Prevention Association of India, Mumbai
SHIUP. N. PANCHAL In personal capacity (Flat No. 46, Block E-l, Pocket II. Sector 15, Rohini, Delhi)
SW VINW KUMAR, Director General, BIS (Ex-officio Member)
Director (Civ Engg)

Member-Secretary
SHRISANJEEV&MLJRVEDl
Joint Director (Civ En%), RI.9

18
Bureau of Indian Standards

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