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Homework2 PDF

This document outlines 13 problems for homework assignment 2 in a topology class. The problems cover topics like neighborhood systems in topological spaces, constructing topologies from bases, interior operators, dense subsets, separable and second countable spaces, and the cofinite and co-countable topologies. Students are asked to show various properties about these topological concepts and spaces. The homework is due on August 20, 2018.

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Juan Robinson
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63 views

Homework2 PDF

This document outlines 13 problems for homework assignment 2 in a topology class. The problems cover topics like neighborhood systems in topological spaces, constructing topologies from bases, interior operators, dense subsets, separable and second countable spaces, and the cofinite and co-countable topologies. Students are asked to show various properties about these topological concepts and spaces. The homework is due on August 20, 2018.

Uploaded by

Juan Robinson
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Homework 2 (Fall 2018)

Math 312: Topology


Due on August 20, 2018

1. Let (X, τ ) be a topological space and for each x ∈ X let Ux be the


family of all neighborhood of x.Show that

• If U ∈ Ux then x ∈ U.
• If U, V ∈ Ux then U ∩ V ∈ Ux .
• If U ∈ Ux and U ⊂ V then V ∈ Ux .
• For each U ∈ Ux there is a V ∈ Ux such that V ⊂ U and V ∈ Uy
for each y ∈ V.

2. Show that if X is a set and to each x ∈ X there is a family of subsets


Ux of X satisfying all 4 conditions described in 5. Then τ = {U ⊆
X|U ∈ Ux , ifx ∈ U } forms a topology for X for which Ux is precisely
the neighborhood system of x.

3. Let X be a set and I be an operator from power set of X to power set


of X. Let τ = {A ⊆ X|I(A) = A}. Under what conditions will τ be a
topology for X and I the interior operator for τ .

4. If A is a subset of a topological space. Show that at most 14 sets can


be constructed from A by complementation and closure. Show that
there is a subset of R with usual topology from which 14 different sets
can be so constructed.

5. Let β1 = {[a, b)|a, b ∈ R}. Show that β1 is a base for some topology on
R which is different from the usual topology. This topology is called
the lower limit topology on R.

6. Let K = { n1 |n ∈ N} Let β2 = {(a, b)|a, b ∈ R} ∪ {(a, b) \ K|a, b ∈ R}.


Show that β2 is a base for some topology on R.

7. Compare the two topologies generated by β1 and β2 .

8. If A is dense in a topological space and U is an open set then show


that U ⊂ Cl(A ∩ U ).

9. Let X be an infinite set with cofinite topology. Show that every infinite
subset of X is dense in X

1
10. Let (X, τ ) be a separable space. Let τ1 be another topology on X finer
than τ . Then show that (X, τ1 ) need not be separable.
11. Define a space X to be a Lindeloff space if every open cover of X
has a countable subcover. Show that a Lindelof metric space must be
separable.
12. Let X be an uncountable set and choose a point p not in X. Let
X̂ = X ∪ {p}. Show that

• (a) β = {{x}|x ∈ X}∪{X̂ −F |F is finite} is a base for a topology


τ on X̂.
• (b) (X̂, τ ) is not separable.
• (c) (X̂, τ ) is not second countable.
• (d) (X̂, τ ) is Lindelof.

13. Show that an uncountable set with co-countable topology is not a


separable space.

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