Housing In India

In India, the term housing society refers to residential complexes that are
consisting of buildings. A housing society in India is a cluster of house owners that
reside in the same premises, apartments, or buildings forming relevant laws for
smooth functioning of amenities and utilities provided for those who are living in the
area.

Every building located in same premises must have a separate or single society.
Most of the basic housing societies in India are formed in one federation. Whereas
every housing society may run based on the charges or fees rated by the flat
owners
.
Issues to be considered for the Housing
Design

Density, mixed land use, (master layout) ground coverage, development

controls, social pattern
Use Urban systems, Services and their integration with the Project
Requirements (derived from surveys) in all respects
Issues in appropriate technology and costs
Issues of hierarchy, identity of space, integration of community etc
Detailing for the disabled and elderly
Local architectural responses to climate, culture, traditional values, building
elements
 Zakhir Hussain Corperative Housing
IMMEDIATE
CONTEXT

To the east of the site

is an Sarai Julena which Sarai
is a highly dense urban Julena
village. To the west, is
Ishwar Nagar which
consists of plotted SITE
housing.
On the north boundary Ishwar
is the Maulana Nagar
Muhhamad Ali Jauhar
Marg which leads to
NH-2. Across the road
lies the New Friend’s
Colony Community
Centre. To the south
is Sukhdev Vihar.
BACKGROUND

Client: Zakir Hussain Cooperative Society

Year of completion: 1984

Architect: Raj Rewal

History : Built for the Zakir Hussain Cooperative

Society which consisted of mostly Muslims, it
consisted of 204 apartment units and was a
great testing ground for improved concepts
later in other buildings such as high density
housing for the Asian Games Village. It was
started in 1979 but was only completed in
1984.

Some of the concepts explored through this

housing:
•Urban fabric
•Clusters
•Streets
•Gateways
•Inner courtyards
SITE ACCESS

Entry/Exit and Circulation:

There are six entries to the site.
•1,2,3.4 are used as the vehicular entries to the site.
•5 is used as pedestrian entry catering to the near bus stop at Sarai Julena.
•6 is the service entry for the site which remains closed most of the time.

Each gate is dedicated for a particular courtyard. Vehicular circulation is limited to

individual courtyards for the purpose of parking. Apart from that, the major
circulation is pedestrian.
5
6

1 2 3 4
SITE ORGANISATION

Orientation : The site is oriented east to west, casting shadows during day time to
provide relief from the sun. North-South access prevailing direction for the types up to
3 floors and also for the East-West Towers Building.

Massing and heights : Two 8 storey towers on either side of the site provide large
units of 130-160 sq. metre. There are 8 types flats in the towers. Between them are
4 storey clusters of apartments around open areas for pedestrians or vehicles. These
contain smaller apartments (50-100 sq. metres) of which there are 16 variations to
meet the specific desires.
Climatologic measure
East to west orientation of site,
casting shadows during day time
to provide relief from the sun.

SITE PLANNING

Area : 10198 m²
Ground coverage : 6981sqm
Green Area: 1020 m²
Parking Area: 960 m²
Byelaws applicable at the time of construction (including EWS)
Number of blocks : 24
Number of units : 204
Service available- water, sewage and electricity : there are bore-wells
present on site plus overhead tanks. There are no generators at the
society level, but there is a transformer.
People and lifestyle : mostly a Muslim society.
 TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C TYPE D
Dwelling typologies
•Two 8 storey towers were included as a means of providing large units of 130-160 sq.
metre.
•The two towers form poles at either end of the long site.
• Between them are 4 storey clusters of apartments around open areas for pedestrians
or vehicles.
•These contain smaller apartments (50-100 sq.metres) of which there are 16 variations
to meet the specific desires.
COMPOSITION OF ACCOMMODATION: There are 4 main
types with many variations, merged together and placed
symmetrically with respect to the two orthogonal principal axes.
The type studied (A) spread over 8 floors and consists of the
following environments:
- Input - Living
- Multipurpose - Veranda
- Kitchen - Terrace
- Environment Service - 3 Bedrooms
- 2 or 3 bathrooms - Storage
Access to the rooms are made through the central area
of ​distribution that also houses the stairwell and lift the battery
compartment.
Design principle- the planning is such that there are cubic modules enclosing a
green space on the rear side and parking area on the front side. There are two
apartments at the ends of the site. The architect is famous for his cubic volumes in his
designs. In this design of his, the influence of geometry can be seen in the patterns .
Each cluster consists of apartments facing a central courtyard.
The whole community is surrounded by a green belt all along the periphery. There are
open community spaces enclosed by four blocks of buildings. the opposite blocks are u-
shaped ( circulation-wise ) .

Linear parking system

Separate parking for each cluster
Symmetric pattern as each entry takes the user into a courtyard or green space.
Open space in between cluster of building use for gathering recreations place.
No specific place for tot lots.
Specific pedestrian entrance at northern gate while other gates are used for
vehicles as well as for pedestrian.
A specific gate at northern side is used as service entrance but mostly closed.
Each apartment is facing courtyard or green space.
The other amenities are available in the radius of 200 m.
Green spaces

•Paved pathways
•Space for
gathering
•Social
interaction
•Buffer space
•Climatology
taken into
aspect
• Paved Parking space
for each cluster
• Linear parking system
• Separate parking for
each cluster in the
middle of the clusters
The paved
walkway dividing
Green space Parking space
the building and in the centre
the courtyard of the cluster
 ARANYA HOUSING
INDORE
VASTU SHILPA : B.V.DOSHI

Noteworthy for its effort to integrate families within a

range of poor to modest incomes.
• MAIN AIM : Large scale low cost housing for the poor
• LOCATION : 6km form Indore
• CAPACITY : 6500 dwellings in 85 hectares
• Master plan prepared by Vastu Shilpa (B V Doshi) foundation in 1983.
• Recipient of the Aga Khan award in 1995.
• Six sectors with each sector having approximately 7000-1200 occupants.
• Designed around a central spine which acts as the business district.
• ZONING
• The residences are distributed in six sectors.
• The commercial amenities are distributed along the central spine.
• The basic amenities like schools and community centres are spread at convenient
distances.

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

 DIAGONALLY
RUNNING
LANDSCAPE

EWS
OCCUPIE
S THE COMMERCIAL
CENTRAL
COMMUNITY &
PLACE.
RECREATIONAL
AMENITIES ARE
LOCATED ALONG THE
THE WELL
OFF
CENTRAL SPINE.
FAMILIES
OCCUPY THE
PERIPHERY
OF THE CLUSTERS WITH
SECTOR AND COURTYARDS AT
CENTRAL THE BACK OF THE
SPINE. HOUSES.
• PLANNING

• Ten houses with courtyards at the back forms a cluster.

• Clusters open into a street.
• Septic tanks are provided for a group of twenty houses.
• Internal streets and squares are paved.
• Open spaces are interlined to form a pedestrian network
to connect the whole settlement.
• The formal street network draws the vehicular traffic
outward to the perimeter road while pedestrian traffic on
informal pathways and open space network flows in the
opposite direction achieving clear and safe segregation
of slow and fast moving traffic.
• Topography of the site was an important determinant in
planning roads and other service networks to maximize use
of gravity flow and minimize cut and fill of land.
• Introduction of open slot around service core combines
twice as much toilets per manhole and cuts down pipe
lengths to half, achieving economic efficiency without
effecting its performance. The service slot has been
integrated as design element helping break the continuous
built mass and becoming useful play area for children with
platform for neighborly activities.
OCCUPANTS AND SCHEMES
•Variety of income groups.
•Payment schemes and service options reflects the financial stability.
•Houses ranging from one room shelters to relatively spacious houses.
•EWS gets a concrete plinth, a service core and a room along with the plot.

The ideological basis for planning Aranya has been the following
Vitality : development to support socio physical aspirations of the community
Image : built form to impart identity and inculcate a sense of belongingness
amongst the inhabitants.
Equity : to create equitable balanced community and satisfactory level of
opportunities for all.
Flexibility : to evolve a framework that absorbs with ease the progressive change and
growth as a part of natural development process.

MATERIALS
•Brick, stone and concrete are locally available
•Owners of plots are free to use any other material for construction.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS
•To foster community feel and mutual interdependence, various income groups have
been combined and arranged in concentric rings of plots.
•Each dwelling has its own compound and territory which encourages social
interaction and supports a way of life.
•Dwellings are grouped to create small cluster spaces in a form of short streets or
cul-de-sacs or open squares like mohallas of traditional towns.

CLIMATOLOGY
•Dwellings are oriented north-south and arranged as row houses so that minimum
incident solar radiation will be absorbed by the walls.

SPACES IN THE DEWLLINGS

•An elaborate hierarchy of house extensions – spaces in front of the houses assume
semi private to private character with spill over of domestic activities. These
extensions offer variations in street form, integrates house with streets and become
climatically and culturally important spaces for daily chores.
•The dwellings are not only places of dwelling but also places for working.
• A range of house based income generated activities are undertaken.
Is Aranya housing running successfully??

•No evidence of any NGO activity concerned with community participation.

•No identifiable facility for credit and mortgage has been put in place to enable the
slum dweller to secure his place.
•No arrangement for providing gainful employment for the potential beneficiaries
have been made.
•The 80 demonstrated houses have been planned well with extreme caution and
dedication but the rest of the 4200 plots are not being used.
•15-20 % of the urban slum dwellers still own the plots while the rest of the plots
have been resold at about ten times the original rate.
•No consideration for the Muslim community . They sold their lands first due to
insecurity and unsafe surroundings after the mosque was burnt down by the Hindu
activists.
•Does not satisfy the needs to be fulfilled by the other award winning projects in
Indonesia.
KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENTS
MUMBAI
CHARLES CORREA
Thank you