Modeling Fracture in Abaqus

DEMO: J-Integral & Stress intensity factors for a 3pt bending specimen.
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M M

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 DEMO
Geometry, Materials & Loading
Material, Linear Elastic

55 mm
𝐸 = 2𝐸05 𝑀𝑝𝑎
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𝜈 = 0.3

M b=10 mm M =1075 • Small deformation assumed

N·mm

a=2 mm

43 mm

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 DEMO
Abaqus/CAE suggested Workflow:
o Part: we create the geometry.
o Property: we create material sections and assign to the Part.
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o Assembly: we add all the model Parts together (independent).

o Step: we define the solver procedure.
o Interaction: we define our crack conditions.
o Load: set the boundaries on the geometry.
o Mesh: create the mesh for every part.
o Job: we create a job for the model and submit the analysis

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Part
DEMO

10 mm

43 mm
 DEMO
Part 2
1
We use the partitioning
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tool to create the crack 10 mm

and the region for
focused mesh 2 mm

43 mm

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 If you don’t want to create a
DEMO focused mesh, you can skip
this step/slide.
Part 3
1
We use the partitioning
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Center on Tip, radius=0.5mm

tool to create the crack 10 mm
and the region for
focused mesh

43 mm

Create a circle around the tip. This will allow a sweep

mesh technique to be used for a focused mesh later on.

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 DEMO
When the mesh is created
you will get coincident nodes
at the partition points
Part
We partition the Part at the loading and BC points. This can also be done in the Assembly Module.

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Create points (A)-(D) (D) 3 (C)

6mm
(A) (B)

Repeat the process for points (A)-(D)

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 DEMO 1
Property
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2
Select steel material and keep defaults

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Suggested Workflow

Select the beam geometry

Unless mentioned, always keep the default for remaining options

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 DEMO
Assembly

For contour integral, make sure you have an

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independent instance

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 DEMO
Step
In the step we define the solver procedure.
Here we will solve with Abaqus/Standard
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solver for a general static case.

General static solver is a non-linear implicit and

will ramp up the load from 0% to100%. We will
use the data at 100%, but for visualization
purposes we will set the init-inc to 0.25 and
max-inc to 0.25.

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 DEMO
Interaction 3
1. Create two constraints to apply the moment at a point.
2. Create the crack definition.
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1
2

Select the left RP-1 and name the set = RP-1. For
constraint region select ‘Surface’ and select the
left edge. Call the surface = left.

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Repeat for right end
 DEMO
Interaction
4
1. Create two constraints to apply the moment at a point.
2. Create the crack definition.
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3
2

1
Name the set=Crack and Select the tip point and choose
select the complete line q-vector option. Specify the
Then, select the SET ‘crack’ vector parallel to crack (no
Specify that the ‘crack partition’ its an actual created before need to use coordinates, just
crack with two surfaces (i.e. duplicated nodes) click the points).

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 DEMO
Interaction
1. Create two constraints to apply the moment at a point.
2. Create the crack definition.
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5 On Singularity Tab:

For focused mesh you can change

the midside node to 0.25 (1/4 node
position).

Also Degenerate elements so that

one side is collapsed.

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 DEMO
Load (moments)
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3
Use the ‘sets’ option instead of
2 selecting in the viewport

Repeat for Right-End

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 DEMO
Load (supports) 3
2

1
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To ensure the structure is statically determined,

we also select U2=0 at this point. Remember we
Then select on the viewport the point for are solving the equations for equilibrium!
the left support. Create a set named ‘left’.

Repeat for Right-End but only restrict U2=0

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 DEMO
Mesh 2
1
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Seed the whole part with 1mm approx. size

If using focused mesh, choose the inner circle region and select quad-
dominated, sweep. Repeat for the domain outside the circle and choose
Quad, Free with medial axis.

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 DEMO 4

Mesh
3
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For inner crack For circle edge

We do local seeding to ensure good quality elements around Select element type for ALL the domain. In this
the crack tip. case we will use first order plane strain elements
with incompatible modes ON.
5

Finally go to Mesh  Instance  Yes

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 DEMO
Outputs
Now that the crack is created we have to request the J-integral and/or SIFs.
Expand the model tree under steps and select ‘History Output Requests’
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You will need to create two separate

requests. One for J-integral other for
SIFs. For consistency use the same
frequency and contours

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 DEMO
Job
The complete model should look similar to this:
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Go to:
Job  Create  Continue
Job  Submit  Job-1

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 DEMO
Results
1. Plot the history data for requested for the results.
2. Alternatively you can review the text data written in the *.dat file.
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Job-1.dat

K1 = 169.0

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 DEMO
Results
1. Plot the history data for requested for the results.
2. Alternatively you can review the text data written in the *.dat file
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Contour_4
Contour_3
J-integral Contour_2 J-integral
In this example only the point a
Contour_5
time 1.0 is of interest. However the
curves help us identifying path Contour_1
independency at the successive
contours.
What happened to contour_5?

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 Obtaining the DEMO…

1. Recover python files from Abaqus installation:

> abaqus fetch job=ws_fracture_3pt_bend.py
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> abaqus fetch job=ws_fracture_3pt_bend_jint.py

2. Open Abaqus/CAE

3. File  Run Script…  Select ws_fracture_3pt_bend.py

4. File  Run Script…  Select ws_fracture_3pt_bend_jint.py

(if any difference in the fetched jobs wrt the slides, the slides take precedence over the files here)

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 References
o Barnett, D. M., and R. J. Asaro, “The Fracture Mechanics of Slit-Like Cracks in Anisotropic
Elastic Media” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, vol. 20, pp. 353–366, 1972.

o Shih, C. F., B. Moran, and T. Nakamura, “Energy Release Rate along a Three-Dimensional
3DS.COM/SIMULIA © Dassault Systèmes | 1/5/2016

Crack Front in a Thermally Stressed Body” International Journal of Fracture, vol. 30, pp. 79–102,
1986
o Abaqus Benchmarks Guide:
• 1.16.1 – Contour integral evaluation: two dimensional case
• 4.7 – NAFEMS Benchmarks
• 4.7.5 – Test 4: Cracks at a hole in a plate
o Abaqus Analysis Guide, ‘11.4 – Fracture Mechanics, Contour integral evaluation”

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