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Chapter 5: Chapter 5:
Three-Dimensional Equilibrium Three-Dimensional Equilibrium

or
Equilibrium of Non-Coplanar Forces

or
Equilibrium of Space Forces

Space Forces and Components Ex. Determine the x, y & z components.

y y
y
3m
P(x, y, z) 2m
y Fy
Fy F=200N
O Fx O x 4m
x d x O
F Fz Fx x
Fz z

d = diagonal
z z z
x, y & z are dimensions
Fx Fy Fz F
1. Fx  F cos  x 3. or by ratio & proportion:   
x y z d
Fy  F cos  y Fx Fy Fz F
   Fx  111.42N
Fz  F cos  z Fx Fy Fz 200
x y z d   
3 4 2 32  4 2  2 2 Fy  148.56N
2. F  Fx  Fy  Fz where : d  x 2  y 2  z2
2 2 2
Fx Fy Fz 200
   Fz  74.28N
3 4 2 29

Exercise: Determine the x, y & z components. Parallel Space Forces Sample Problem 5.6

1. 1m 2. 4m The non-homogeneous plate weighing 60KN has its center of gravity at G.

P=350N
1m 2m It is supported in the horizontal plane by 3 vertical cables. Compute the
Rz tension on each cable using the given FBD.
Rx
Py
5m Pz 3.5m Ry
R=500N

Px

3. 4.
6m Qx Uz 6m
1m 1m
U=750N
Sz
Qz Sy
Tx 5m Ux
3m Qy
3m
T=200N
Ty S=250N
Q=1000N

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Sample Problem 5.6 Sample Problem 5.6

Top View: Top View:

0.8m B C 0.8m B C
O
  O
 
2.2m 2.2m
y y y

1.2m 1.2m
W

3.6m
1.0m  W
3.6m
1.0m  2m

A  A  3m
Solution: Solution: xC axis xC axis
x x
+
y +
Myaxis  0 : Notes:
Mx c axis
 0 : Only TA . TB and W will rotate about the xc-axis
1. The axis of rotation is a LINE and not a xC axis All forces that are applied directly on the
point.
TA (3.6)  601.2  0
chosen axis can not rotate about the said
TA (3)  TB (2.2)  60(2)  0 axis. (Tc)
2. All forces that are applied directly on the
TA  20KN TB  27.27KN ∑FZ = 0 :
chosen axis can not rotate about the said
axis.
Therefore only TA and W will TA  TB  TC  60  0
rotate about the y-axis TC  12.73KN

Another Way 1: Another Way 2:

Top View: Top View:

0.8m B C 0.8m B C
O
  O
 
2.2m y 2.2m y
yG axis
1.2m 1.2m
W W

3.6m
1.0m  1.0m  yG axis
3.6-1.2=2.4m

0.2m

xB axis A  0.8m
A 
Solution: Solution:
x xB axis x
+
MxB axis  0 : Only TA . TC and W will rotate about the xB axis
yG axis
+
MyG axis  0 : Only TA . TB and TC will rotate about the yG axis
xB axis

TA (0.8)  60(0.2)  TC ( 2.2)  0  FZ  0 : TA ( 2.4)  TB (1.2)  TC (1.2)  0 ∑FZ = 0 :

but TA  20KN TA  TB  TC  60  0 20  TB  TC  60  0
but TA  20KN
TB  27.27KN
TC  12.73KN TB  27.27KN
TC  12.73KN

Parallel Space Forces Parallel Space Forces

Prob. 5.38 The total mass of the L-shaped beam of constant cross PA PO
section is 1470kg. The beam is hoisted by 3 vertical cables attached Prob. 5.38
at O, A and B. Determine the distances a and b for which the
tensions in the cables are equal. A a O
x
2m
PB
b
W1 1.5m
4
B W1  1470(9.81) 
7
W2 W1  8240N
y
3
W2  1470(9.81) 
Total mass of L-shaped beam =1470kg 7
W2  6180N
Total Length of L-shaped beam =7m
1470(9.81)
P  4807N
Equal Tensions: PA = PB = PC = P 3

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Parallel Space Forces

Concurrent Space Forces
Prob. 5.38 P=4807N P=4807N

A a O
x
2m
P=4807N b
1.5m
W1=8240N B

W2=6180N
y
+
x +
 Mxaxis  0 : Myaxis  0 :
y
4807(b)  6180(1.5)  0 4870(a)  8240( 2)  0

b  1.93m a  3.43m

Concurrent Space Forces Concurrent Space Forces

Find the force in each leg of the tripod if it can support a load FBD:
P=4600N. The legs of the tripod are connected by ball-and =4600N
socket joints to the platform. (Same fig. 5.52)

=4600N

PC

PB
PD

=4600N Member AD:

z
3m
PD
A

8m
Dz
O y
Dx
Dy PC 6m
D
Dx PB Dy
x
PD Dz
D x D y Dz PD
  
6 3 8 6 2  32  8 2
D x D y Dz PD
  
6 3 8 109

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=4600N Member AC: =4600N Member AB:

Cz 3m 6m

A
A
PC 8m Bz
PB
Cy C
Cy
Cx Cy Cx 8m
PC PC By
Dy Cz 6m Dy Cz
Cx
O O By B
Dx PB Dx PB
Bz
PD Dz Cx Cy
C PC PD Dz
  z 
By Bz PB
6 3 8 6 2  32  8 2  
6 8 6 2  82
C x C y Cz PC
  
6 3 8 109
By B z PB
 
6 8 10

Notes: 1. All forces that are applied

P=4600N P=4600N directly on the chosen axis
can not rotate about the said
xC axis axis. (Dx,Dy, Dz, Cx, Cy & Cz)

2. All forces passing through

Bz Bz the chosen axis will have
Cy Cy zero moment arm. (Bx)
Cx Cx 9m
Dz
By 3m PC By
Dy Cz Dy Cz

Dx P=4600N Dx P=4600N PB
Bz Bz
Dz PD Dz
+
MXc axis  0 : Only Bz and P will rotate about the xC axis
PA, PB and PC were resolved into their components. These xC axis Recall: By B z PB
components have the same effect as their corresponding forces. Bz (9)  4600(3)  0  
6 8 10
Therefore you may remove PA, PB and PC from the FBD . Bz  1533.33N
PB  1916.67 N
B y  1150 N

Notes: 1. All forces that are applied directly

on the chosen axis can not rotate =4600N Answers:
P=4600N
about the said axis. (Cx,Cy & Cz) PB  1916.67 N
2. All forces passing through the
chosen axis will have zero PD  2001.05 N
moment arm. (Dx) Pc  2001.05N
Bz yC axis
Cy Cy Recall:
12mCx 6m Cx
Dz
By By
Dy Dy C x C y Cz PC
Cz 3. All forces that are parallel to the Cz   
6 3 8 109
Dx P=4600N chosen axis can not rotate about the Dx
Bz said axis. (By & Dy) Bz
Dz Dz C y  575 N
Use any of these equations: Cz  1533.33N
Myc axis  0 : Only Dz ,Bz and P will rotate about the yC axis
yC axis +  Fy  0 : Dy  Cy  B y  0
Pc  2001.05N
BZ (6)  4600(6)  DZ (12)  0 D
Recall: D x  y  Dz  PD
Dz  1533.33N
6 3 8 109  Fz  0 : Dz + Cz + Bz = 4600
D y  575 N
Dx  1150 N PD  2001.05 N  Fx  0 : Dx  Cx ← I used this. ∴Cx = Dx = 1150N

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FIN.