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Lecture Eight PDF

This document discusses different types of stresses that can occur in engineering structures due to external forces: 1) Normal stress (tension and compression) occurs when a force acts perpendicular to a material's cross-sectional area. 2) Shear stress occurs when forces act parallel to the area resisting the force. 3) Bearing stress is the contact pressure between separate bodies caused by compressive forces. The document provides examples of calculating stresses in various structural elements and determining minimum sizes needed to prevent stresses from exceeding allowable values. Solutions to the examples are also given.

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dave lim
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35 views

Lecture Eight PDF

This document discusses different types of stresses that can occur in engineering structures due to external forces: 1) Normal stress (tension and compression) occurs when a force acts perpendicular to a material's cross-sectional area. 2) Shear stress occurs when forces act parallel to the area resisting the force. 3) Bearing stress is the contact pressure between separate bodies caused by compressive forces. The document provides examples of calculating stresses in various structural elements and determining minimum sizes needed to prevent stresses from exceeding allowable values. Solutions to the examples are also given.

Uploaded by

dave lim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Strength of materials

In any engineering structure or mechanics, the individual components will


be subjected to external forces arising from the service conditions or
environmental in which the component works.
It is the property of material which opposes the deformation or
breakdown of material in presence of external forces or load.

Simple Stresses
Simple stresses are expressed as the ratio of the applied force divided by
the resisting area (the strength of material per unit area).

σ = Force / Area
where, Ϭ: stress (Mpa or psi).
A: Area (mm2 , m2 or in2 ).
F: load or force (N,Ib).

There are three types of simple stress namely;


1- normal stress (tension, compression)
2- shear stress, and
3- bearing stress.

Normal stress develops when a force is applied perpendicular to the


cross-sectional area of the material.
Ex1: A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100 mm must carry a
tensile load of 400 kN. Determine the outside diameter of the tube if the
stress is limited to 120 MN/m2.

Solution:

Ex 2: A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable


as shown in Fig. P-105. Calculate the smallest area of each cable if the
stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze and 120 MPa in steel.
Solution:
Ex 3: The homogeneous bar shown in Fig. P-106 is supported by a smooth
pin at C and a cable that runs from A to B around the smooth peg at D.
Find the stress in the cable if its diameter is 0.6 inch and the bar weighs
6000 lb.
Solution:
2- Shearing Stress
Forces parallel to the area resisting the force cause shearing stress. It differs
to tensile and compressive stresses, which are caused by forces
perpendicular to the area on which they act. Shearing stress is also known
as tangential stress.

where V is the resultant shearing force which passes which passes through the
centroid of the area A being sheared.

Ex 4: What force is required to punch a 20-mm-diameter hole in a plate


that is 25 mm thick? The shear strength is 350 MN/m2.
Solution:
Ex 5: Find the smallest diameter bolt that can be used in the clevis shown
in Fig. 1-11b if P = 400 kN. The shearing strength of the bolt is 300 MPa.
Solution:

Ex6: Compute the shearing stress in the pin


at B for the member supported as shown in
Fig. P-119. The pin diameter is 20 mm.

solution:
Ex 7: As in Fig. 1-11c, a hole is to be punched out of a plate having a
shearing strength of 40 ksi. The compressive stress in the punch is limited
to 50 ksi. (a) Compute the maximum thickness of plate in which a hole 2.5
inches in diameter can be punched. (b) If the plate is 0.25 inch thick,
determine the diameter of the smallest hole that can be punched.
Solution:
Bearing Stress
Bearing stress is the contact pressure between the separate bodies. It differs
from compressive stress, as it is an internal stress caused by compressive
forces.

Ex 8: In the clevis shown in Fig. 1-11b, find the minimum bolt


diameter and the minimum thickness of each yoke that will
support a load P = 14 kips without exceeding a shearing stress
of 12 ksi and a bearing stress of 20 ksi.

Solution:
Exampe9: The lap joint shown in Fig. P-126 is fastened by four ¾-in.-
diameter rivets. Calculate the maximum safe load P that can be applied if
the shearing stress in the rivets is limited to 14 ksi and the bearing stress
in the plates is limited to 18 ksi. Assume the applied load is uniformly
distributed among the four rivets.

Solution:

Ex 10: In Fig. 1-12, assume that a 20-mm-diameter rivet joins the plates
that are each 110 mm wide. The allowable stresses are 120 MPa for bearing
in the plate material and 60 MPa for shearing of rivet. Determine (a) the
minimum thickness of each plate; and (b) the largest average tensile stress
in the plates.
Solution:

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