YEAR 12 Trial Exam Paper

2015
MATHEMATICAL METHODS (CAS)

Written examination 2

Worked solutions

This book presents:

 worked solutions, giving you a series of points to show
you how to work through the questions
 mark allocations
 tips on how to approach the questions

This trial examination produced by Insight Publications is NOT an official VCAA paper for the 2015 Mathematical Methods (CAS) 2
written examination.
The Publishers assume no legal liability for the opinions, ideas or statements contained in this trial exam.
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consent of Insight Publications.

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SECTION 1

Question 1
Answer is E.
Worked solution
The function y  1  a  x is defined for a  x  0, so x  a.

Question 2
Answer is D.
Worked solution
f (1)  2
f ( 2)  10
f (1)  3
and f (3)  36.

In equation form, this can be written as:

a  b  c  d  2
8a  4b  2c  d  10
3a  2b  c  3
27a  6b  c  36

1 1 1 1  a   2 
8 4 2 1   b   10 
which gives   .
3 2 1 0  c   3 
    
 27 6 1 0  d   36

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Question 3
Answer is E.
Worked solution
A sample graph with a  4 shows

Hence, for x  0, f ( x )  0.

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Question 4
Answer is D.
Worked solution
The graph f ( x)  x 2  ax has x-intercepts at (0,0) and ( a,0) and a turning point at
a
x   , as shown below.
2

 a
The gradient is positive for x   a,    (0, ) .
 2

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Question 5
Answer is B.
Worked solution
4 4 4

 (2  5 f ( x)) dx   2 dx  5 f ( x) dx
2 2 2

 2 x   5  3
4
2

 (8  4)  15
 19

Question 6
Answer is A.
Worked solution
1 1
2 x2 1
0 k dx  k 0 2 x dx
2

1
1  2 x3 
 
k  3  0
2

3k
2
So, 1
3k
2
k
3

Question 7
Answer is C.
Worked solution
Owing to the symmetry of the distribution, the mean, median and mode occur concurrently
at x  3.

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Question 8
Answer is C.
Worked solution
Pr( X  2.5)
Pr( X  2.5 X  3) 
Pr( X  3)

Question 9
Answer is A.
Worked solution
Expanding the matrix gives
x  
x
x  3x    3

y  2 y  2  y  2
y
2
So y  sin(3x ) becomes
y2
 sin(  x   )
2
y  2sin(  x   )  2

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Question 10
Answer is D.
Worked solution
The graph of y  5 x  3 undergoes the transformation 1  f ( x  2), so
y  (5( x  2)  3)  1
 5x  8

Question 11
Answer is E.
Worked solution
f ( x) e x f ( x)  e x f ( x) f ( x )  f ( x )
Using the quotient rule gives g ( x)  
, so g ( x)   .
ex (e x )2 ex

Question 12
Answer is E.
Worked solution
X ~ Bi (n  10, p  0.3)
Pr( X  2) 

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Question 13
Answer is D.
Worked solution
1 0 
The graph has been reflected in both the x- and y-axes. The matrix   produces
 0 1
reflections in both axes.

Question 14
Answer is D.
Worked solution
The graph of g ( f ( x)) shows that the lowest point occurs at x  0, y  loge 3.

The range is [loge 3, ) .

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Question 15
Answer is C.
Worked solution
 1
 2 for x  2.
The rate of change for this function is 
2 for x  1
 2

Question 16
Answer is D.
Worked solution
For the inverse function to exist, the function must be one-to-one. The graph shows that the

function is one-to-one for x  [0, ] .
3


Hence, a  .
3

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Question 17
Answer is C.
Worked solution
3 3
3
For 4.2 , x  4, h  0.2, f ( x)  x and f ( x) 
2 2
x.
2
So, f (4  h)  f (4)  h f (4)
3
3
 4 2  0.2   4
2
 8  0.6
 8.6

Question 18
Answer is C.
Worked solution
The graph shows that there are two points where it intersects with the line y  1 .

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Question 19
Answer is A.
Worked solution
The graph of y  1  e( x3) shows the region is below the x-axis.
0 0
So the area is   (1  e x 3
) dx   (e x 3  1) dx.
3 3

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Question 20
Answer is D.
Worked solution

The right rectangles have heights of:

loge (1  1), loge (2  1), loge (3  1), log e (4  1)
i.e. loge (2), loge (3), loge (4), loge (5).
So the area is loge (2)  loge (3)  log e (4)  log e (5)  loge (120).

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Question 21
Answer is B.
Worked solution
The distance is the area under the velocity–time graph. There is an x-intercept at x  3, so the
area is calculated in two parts as:
3 6
1 2 1
0 (4.5 
2
t ) dt  
3
(4.5  t 2 ) dt
2
 18  9  27

Question 22
Answer is E.
Worked solution
1
f 1 ( x )  e x 
log e ( x )

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SECTION 2

Question 1a.
Worked solution
Using CAS:

So, x  2.0003.

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for 2.0003

Tip
 Be sure to answer to the correct number of decimal places.

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Question 1b.
Worked solution

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for the drawing the shape and asymptote correctly
 1 mark for labelling the x-intercept correctly

Tip
 When sketching a graph, always state the equation of any asymptotes
and the coordinates of any intercepts.

Question 1c.
Worked solution
The domain of h is (2, ).

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for (2, )

Tip
 The domain of the added function is the domain of g  f . The
location of the vertical asymptote is maintained so the domain is
strictly greater than 2.

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Question 1d.i.
Worked solution
d 1 (2 x  5)
( x  2  loge ( x  2))  , as determined from CAS.
dx 2 2( x  2)

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer

Tip
 Remember to use CAS – the question is worth only 1 mark and does
not require working to be shown.

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Question 1d.ii.
Worked solution

d (2 x  5)
( x  2  log e ( x  2)) 
dx 2( x  2)
Let h( x)  0 :
2x  5  0
x  2.5
Mark allocation: 2 marks
 1 mark for getting 2x  5  0
 1 mark for the correct answer

Tip
 This question is worth 2 marks so a ‘thinking step’ needs to be shown.
It is enough to simply state h( x)  0 and then give the answer.

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Question 1e.
Worked solution

1 9
Min distance = log e (2) 
2 2

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer

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Question 2a.i.
Worked solution
h( x)  sin( x)  1
x
g ( x)  e 20

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for each correct answer

Question 2a.ii.
Worked solution
For g  h( x)  to exist:
Range of h( x )  domain of g ( x)
Range of h( x )  [0,2]
Domain of g ( x )  R
So, range of h( x )  domain of g ( x).
 g (h( x )) exists.

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer with the correct reasons

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Question 2b.

Worked solution
Using CAS:

x x
x 20 20
d e cos(e )
(sin(e )  1) 
20
dx 20

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer

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Question 2c.
Worked solution
Using CAS:

 3 
The first point on the base level occurs at x  20loge  .
 2 
Mark allocation: 1 mark
 1 mark for the correct answer

Tip
 To find the coordinates of the first point, specify the restriction on the
domain. It is apparent from the graph given that the first minimum
occurs in the domain [30,35] , so request CAS to find the point in this
domain using 30  x  35 in the solve command.

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Question 2d.i.
Worked solution

The maximum height is 2 metres.

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer

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Question 2d.ii.
Worked solution

So, this maximum height of 2 m occurs at

   5   9 
x  20loge   , x  20log e   , x  20log e  .
2  2   2 

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark awarded for giving only one
correct value
 2 marks awarded for all three
correct values

Tip
 Remember: an exact value is
required here! Be sure to be in
standard mode and to help with
getting a simplified answer, put the
simplify command in your CAS
calculation.

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Question 2e.
Worked solution
This horizontal cross-section height is the average value of the function.
11
20loge ( )
1 2
 x

Average height =
 11    sin(e )  1 dx

20


20log e   0
 2 
Using CAS, this is:

So, the average height is 1.22 metres.

Mark allocation: 2 marks

11
20 loge ( )
1 2
 x

 1 mark for writing the average value
 11   

sin( e 20
)  1 dx

20log e  
0

 2 
 1 mark for the correct answer of 1.22

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Question 2f.
Worked solution
1
The gradient of the pole is –10, which means the gradient of the curve is .
10
 1 
So, we need to find  x : f ( x )  , for x  [30,40]  .
 10 
Using CAS gives:

The pole is inserted at x  32.64035 metres.

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Using CAS, we must find the equation of the normal to the curve at this point.
Equation of normal is y  10 x  326.48314.

The pole reaches the base level at y = 0.

So,  10 x  326.48314  0
x  32.6483
 x  32.648 m

Mark allocation: 3 marks

1
 1 mark for setting f ( x) 
10
 1 mark for finding the equation of the normal
 1 mark for the correct answer

Tip
 Remember: when asked to write an answer correct to 3 decimal places,
always work to more decimal places and then round at the last step.

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Question 3a.i
Worked solution
Using similar triangles:

4 cm r cm

12 cm h cm

h r
So, 
12 4
12r
h
4
 3r

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for using similar triangles method

Question 3a.ii.
Worked solution
1
Vcone   r 2h
3
1 h2
  h
3 9
 h3
V
27

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 h3
 1 mark for substituting correctly into the formula to get V 
27

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Question 3b.
Worked solution
dh dV dh
 
dt dt dV
dV 4

dt 9
 h3 dV  h 2
V  
27 dh 9
dh 9
  2
dV  h
dh dV dh
 
dt dt dV
4 9 4
  2 2
9 h h

Mark allocation: 2 marks

dh dV dh
 1 mark for the rate equation  
dt dt dV
dh 9
 1 mark for finding 
dV  h 2

Question 3c.i.
Worked solution
dh 4
When h  2,   1 cm/min.
dt (2)2

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer

Tip
 Remember to give the units.

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Question 3c.ii.
Worked solution
dh 1
Let  .
dt 2
4 1

h2 2
h2  8
 h  2 2 cm

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer

Question 3d.i.
Worked solution
dh 4

dt h 2
dt h 2
 
dh 4

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer

Question 3d.ii.
Worked solution
h2
t dh
4
h3
t  c
12
When t  0, h  0, so c  0.
h3
t
12
 h  3 12t

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer, which must include + c

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Question 3e.i.
Worked solution
d  36 1.5t

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct expression

Quesiton 3e.ii.
Worked solution
Let h  d , giving:
3
12t  36  1.5t

Using CAS to solve for t, we get:

t  19.87 min; i.e. 9:20 a.m.

Mark allocation: 2 marks
 1 mark for equating the two equations correctly
 1 mark for the correct answer

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Question 4a.
Worked solution
The function fa is strictly increasing for f ( x )  0.

Use CAS to find f ( x )  0.

1 2
So, the function is increasing for x  [4 a , ) .
3 3

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for letting f ( x)  0
 1 mark for the correct answer

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Question 4b.
Worked solution
The minimum occurs when f ( x )  0.

1
1 2
3(2a ) 3
So, when x  4 a , f ( x ) 
3 3
 3.
2
Mark allocation: 2 marks
1 2
 1 mark for x  4 3 a 3
1
3(2a) 3
 1 mark for f ( x)  3
2

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Question 4c.

Worked solution
a 1 a
For f a ( x)   x  3 and f ( x )   2 at x = 4,
x 2 x x
a 1 a
f (4)   1 and f (4)   .
4 4 16

So, the equation of the tangent is:

y  y1  m( x  x1 )
a  1 a 
y    1     ( x  4)
 4   4 16 
 a 1 a a
y      x 1  1
 16 4  4 4
 a 1 a
y     x  2
 16 4  2
 a 1 a
y     x   2
 16 4  2
(a  4) (a  4)
y x
16 2

Mark allocation: 3 marks

a
 1 mark for x  4, f (4)  1
4
1 a
 1 mark for f (4)  
4 16
 1 mark for the correct tangent line equation

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Question 4d.
Worked solution
a4
The y-intercept of f a ( x) is y  .
2
a4
The y-intercept of ga ( x)  f a ( x)  b is b  .
2
Let the y-intercept equal zero, giving:
a4
b 0
2
4a
b
2

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for finding the y-intercept
4a
 1 mark for b 
2

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Question 4e.i.

Worked solution
Using CAS, the x-intercepts occur at x  1 and x  7.4641.

7.4641
2  Using CAS, this is 2.444.
So, the area is equal to 
1
  x  3 dx .
x 

Mark allocation: 2 marks

2 
7.4641
 1 mark for writing area is equal to 
1
  x  3  dx
x 
 1 mark for the correct answer

Tip
 This question is worth 2 marks, so be careful to show a ‘thinking step’. In
this case, include the integral that allows the area to be calculated.

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Question 4e.ii.
Worked solution
Given that ha ( x)  f a  2 x  , the graph of y  ha ( x) is formed by a dilation of factor 0.5 in the
x-direction. This means that the area formed is half the size; i.e. the area that is bounded by
the x-axis and the graph of y  ha ( x) for a  2 is
0.5  2.44389  1.2219  1.222

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for 0.5  2.44389
 1 mark for the correct answer

Tip
 This is a ‘hence’ question and therefore you must show that you have
used the previous result.

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Question 5a.i.
Worked solution
0.74  0.2401

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer

Question 5a.ii.
Worked solution
X ~ Bi (n  10, p  0.7)
Pr( X  4)  0.0368

Mark allocation: 1 mark

 1 mark for the correct answer

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Question 5a.iii
Worked solution
Pr(GGGGMMMMMM X  4)
Pr(GGGGMMMMMM )

Pr( X  4)
0.740.36

0.036756909
 0.0048

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for Pr(GGGGMMMMMM X  4)
 1 mark for the correct answer

Question 5b.
Worked solution
Using CAS:

X ~ N (   22.5,   5.5)
Pr( X  30)  0.0863
Mark allocation: 1 mark
 1 mark for the correct answer

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Question 5c.i.
Worked solution

X A ~ N ( ,  )
Pr( X A  35)  0.08 and Pr( X A  5)  0.04
35   5
Pr( Z  )  0.08 and Pr( Z  )  0.04
 
Using the inverse normal distribution:
35   5
 1.4051 and  1.7507
 
  1.4051  35 and   1.7507  5

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for Pr( X A  35)  0.08 and Pr( X A  5)  0.04
35   5
 1 mark for leading to the result  1.4051 and  1.7507
 

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Question 5c.ii.
Worked solution
  21.643 and   9.506.

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for finding the mean
 1 mark for finding the standard deviation

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Question 5d.
Worked solution
X ~ Bi(n  20, p  0.08)
Pr( X  7)  0.00064

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for identifying the binomial distribution X ~ Bi(n  20, p  0.08)
 1 mark for the answer Pr( X  7)  0.00064

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Question 5e.
Worked solution
Pr(home goal and goalis more than 28m)
Pr(home goal goalis more than 28m) 
Pr(goalis more than 28m)
0.6 Pr( X H  28)

0.6 Pr( X H  28)  0.4 Pr( X A  28)
0.6  0.158655

0.6  0.158655  0.4  0.251832
 0.4859

Mark allocation: 2 marks

 1 mark for understanding the conditional probability
Pr(home goal and goalis more than 28m)
Pr(home goal goalis more than 28m) 
Pr(goalis more than 28m)
 1 mark for the correct answer

SECTION 2
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