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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

TOEFL Vocabulary Questions

001. Most of these leaders were involved in only a couple of inches per day. However, at
public life as reformers, activists working for intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers
women's right to vote, or authors, and were not move forward up to 100 times faster than usual.
representative at all of the great of ordinary
women. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
The word "representative" is closest in (A) records
meaning to which of following? (B) speeds
(A) typical (C) distances
(B) satisfied (D) periods
(C) supportive
(D) distinctive 005. The increasing water pressure under the
glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the
002. In the United States, Louis Comfort friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the
Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill. Surge
exponent of this style, producing a great variety glaciers also might be influenced by the climate,
of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely volcanic heat, or earthquakes. The word
copied in their time and are highly prized "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of
today. The word "prized" is closest in meaning following?
to which of following? (A) pushing
(A) valued (B) releasing
(B) universal (C) strengthening
(C) uncommon (D) draining
(D) preserved
006. A flood of ice would then surge into the
003. The Art Nouveau style was a major force Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea
in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, level, more ice would plunge into the ocean,
although its influence continued throughout causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in
the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be turn would release more ice and set in motion a
overtaken by a new school of thought known vicious cycle. The word "plunge" is closest in
as Functionalism that had been present since meaning to which of following?
the turn of the century. The word "overtaken" (A) drop
is closest in meaning to which of following? (B) extend
(A) surpassed (C) melt
(B) inclined (D) drift
(C) expressed
(D) applied 007. Group members look to instrumental
leaders to "get things done." Expressive
004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers leadership, on the other hand, is leadership
behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps that emphasizes the collective well-being of a

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

social group's members. The word "collective" puddles that would often have been
is closest in meaning to which of following? concealed by leaves and dust. The word
(A) necessary "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) typical following?
(C) group (A) highlighted
(D) particular (B) covered
(C) transformed
008. They offer sympathy when someone (D) contaminated
experiences difficulties or is subjected to
discipline, are quick to lighten a serious 012. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5
moment with humor, and try to resolve issues times greater than the total land area of the
that threaten to divide the group. The word Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is
"resolve" is closest in meaning to which of largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a
following? century ago, the deep-ocean floor was
(A) avoid repeating completely inaccessible, hidden beneath
(B) talk about waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. The
(C) avoid thinking about word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to
(D) find a solution for which of following?
(A) unrecognizable
009. Thousands of tons were extracted before (B) unreachable
1875, when it was first noticed that the tar (C) unusable
contained fossil remains. Major excavations (D) unsafe
were undertaken that established the
significance of this remarkable site. The 013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar
word "noticed" is closest in meaning to Challenger, was able to maintain a steady
which of following? position on the ocean's surface and drill in very
(A) predicted deep waters, extracting samples of sediments
(B) announced and rock from the ocean floor. The word
(C) corrected "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of
(D) observed following?
(A) breaking
010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 (B) locating
million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from (C) removing
invertebrates, have been recovered, often in (D) analyzing
densely concentrated tangled masses. The
word "tangled" is closest in meaning to 014. Today, largely on the strength of
which of following? evidence gathered during the Glomar
(A) buried beneath Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists
(B) twisted together agree on the theories of plate tectonics and
(C) quickly formed continental drift that explain many of the
(D) easily dated geological processes that shape the Earth. The
word "strength" is closest in meaning to
011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, which of following?
especially in the summer, and forms shallow (A) basis
(B) purpose

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(C) discovery during the period of the high birth rate prior
(D) endurance to 1957. The phrase "prior to" is closest in
meaning to which of following?
015. For every three Canadians in 1945, there (A) behind
were over five in 1966. In September 1966 (B) since
Canada's population passed the 20 million (C) during
mark. Most of this surging growth came from (D) preceding
natural increase.
The word "surging" is closest in meaning to 019. Advocates of organic foods --- a term
which of following? whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently
(A) new proclaim that such products are safer and more
(B) extra nutritious than others. The word "Advocates"
(C) accelerating is closest in meaning to which of following?
(D) surprising (A) Proponents
(B) Merchants
016. When the prairies were being settled, (C) Inspectors
undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of (D) Consumers
the 1950's supported a growth in the
population, but the expansion also derived 020. There are numerous unsubstantiated
from a trend toward earlier marriages and an reports that natural vitamins are superior to
increase in the average size of families. The synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are
word "trend" is closest in meaning to which nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that
of following? untreated grains are better than fumigated
(A) tendency grains, and the like. The word
(B) aim "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to
(C) growth which of following?
(D) directive (A) unbelievable
(B) uncontested
017. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate (C) unpopular
in Canada began to decline. It continued falling (D) unverified
until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25
years. 021. But in many cases consumers are misled if
The word "peak" is closest in meaning to they believe organic foods can maintain
which of following? health and provide better nutritional quality
(A) pointed than conventionally grown foods. So there is
(B) dismal real cause for concern if consumers,
(C) mountain particularly those with limited incomes,
(D) maximum distrust the regular food supply and buy only
expensive organic foods instead. The word
018. Although the growth in Canada's "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of
population had slowed down by 1966 (the following?
increase the first half of the 1960's was only (A) improve
nine percent) , another large population wave (B) monitor
was coming over the horizon. It would be
composed of the children who were born

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(C) preserve (B) ruined

(D) restore (C) complicated
(D) fragile
022. In addition, there were performers and
since considerable importance was attached 026. Some botanists hypothesized that the
to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many
religious leaders usually assumed that task. experiments demonstrated that the stems of
The word "considerable" is closest in meaning plants in which all the cells are killed can still
to which of following? move water to appreciable heights. The word
(A) thoughtful "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to
(B) substantial which of following?
(C) relational (A) ignored
(D) ceremonial (B) showed
(C) disguised
023. In addition, there were performers and (D) distinguished
since considerable importance was attached to
avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, 027. As water is lost from the surface of the
religious leaders usually assumed that task. The leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is
word "enactment" is closest in meaning to created. The evaporated water is replaced by
which of following? water moving from inside the plant in
(A) establishment unbroken columns that extend from the top of
(B) performance a plant to its roots. The same forces that create
(C) authorization surface tension in any sample of water are
(D) season responsible for the maintenance of these
unbroken columns of water. The word
024. Staggering tasks confronted the people "extend" is closest in meaning to which of
of the United States, North and South, when following?
the Civil War ended. About a million and a half (A) stretch
soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, (B) branch
readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the (C) increase
devastated economy. The word "Staggering" is (D) rotate
closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) specialized 028. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land
(B) confusing for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse
(C) various railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys
(D) overwhelming pulled settled regions outward two to four
times more distant from city centers than they
025. About a million and a half soldiers from were in the premodern era. The word "vast" is
both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to closest in meaning to which of following?
civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated (A) large
economy. The word "devastated" is closest in (B) basic
meaning to which of following? (C) new
(A) developing (D) urban

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

029. The new accessibility of land around the of following?

periphery of almost every major city sparked (A) example
an explosion of real estate development and (B) location
fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. (C) development
Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some (D) characteristic
250,000 new residential lots were recorded
within the borders of Chicago, most of them 033. The quality of preservation is almost
located in outlying areas. The word unmatched, and quarry operations have been
"sparked" is closest in meaning to which of carried out carefully with an awareness of the
following? value of the fossils. But these factors do not
(A) brought about account for the interesting question of how
(B) surrounded there came to be such a concentration of
(C) sent out pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very
(D) followed close to their time of giving birth. The phrase
"account for" is closest in meaning to which of
030. Anxious to take advantage of the following?
possibilities of commuting, real estate (A) record
developers added 800,000 potential building (B) describe
sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years- (C) equal
lots that could have housed five to six million (D) explain
people. The word "potential" is closest in
meaning to which of following? 034. In the seventeenth century the organ, the
(A) certain clavichord, and the harpsichord became the
(B) popular chief instruments of the keyboard group, a
(C) improved supremacy they maintained until the piano
(D) possible supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth
century.
031. The quality of preservation is The word s "a supremacy" in line 9 are
outstanding, but what is even more closest in meaning to
impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils (A) a suggestion
containing preserved embryos. The word (B) an improvement
"outstanding" is closest in meaning to which (C) a dominance
of following? (D) a development
(A) extensive
(B) surprising 035. A series of mechanical improvements
(C) vertical continuing well into the nineteenth century,
(D) excellent including the introduction of pedals to sustain
tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal
032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been frame, and steel wire of the finest quality,
reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a finally produced an instrument capable of
small area around Holzamden, suggesting that myriad tonal effects from the most delicate
a specific site was used by large numbers of harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of
ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a sharp,
The word "site" is closest in meaning to which percussive brilliance. The word "myriad" is
closest in meaning to

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

Which of following? to take some care in matching their pieces to

(A) noticeable the mood of the film. The word "solemn" is
(B) many closest in meaning to which of following?
(C) loud (A) simple
(D) unusual (B) serious
(C) short
036. Each one was virtually a stone town, (D) silent
which is why the Spanish would later call them
pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These 040. Certain films had music especially
pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' composed for them. The most famous of
supreme achievements. At least a dozen large these early special scores was that composed
stone houses took shape below the bluffs of and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a
Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico. The Nation, which was released in 1915. The word
word "supreme" is closest in meaning to "composed" is closest in meaning to which of
which of following? following?
(A) most common (A) selected
(B) most outstanding (B) combined
(C) most expensive (C) played
(D) most convenient (D) created The word "scores" is closest in
meaning to which of following?
037. They functioned as sanctuaries where the (A) totals
elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual (B) successes
dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal (C) musical compositions
lore to the younger generation. The word (D) groups of musicians
"settle" is closest in meaning to which of
following? 041. The Earth comprises three principal
(A) sink layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle
(B) decide made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at
(C) clarify depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust. The
(D) locate word "comprises" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
038. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give (A) adapts to
access to the surrounding tableland, the (B) benefits from
architects laid out a system of public roads with (C) consists of
stone staircases for ascending cliff faces. The (D) focuses on
word "ascending" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 042. These plates move over the semimolten
(A) arriving at lower mantle to produce all of the major
(B) carving topographical features of the Earth. Active
(C) connecting zones where intense deformation occurs are
(D) climbing confined to the narrow, interconnecting
boundaries of contact of the plates. The word
039. Within a very short time, however, the "intense" is closest in meaning to
incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn
film became apparent, and film pianists began

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

which of following? give priority to the planet's dominant, most-

(A) surface distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a
(B) sudden bias toward land that sometimes gets in the
(C) rare way of truly examining global issues. The word
(D) extreme "bias" is closest in meaning to which of
following?
043. New oceanic crust is formed along one or (A) concern
more margins of each plate by material (B) disadvantage
issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, (C) attitude
for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at (D) prejudice
midocean ridges. The word "margins" is
closest in meaning to which of following? 047. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin
(A) edges are from the west. Warm, moist air from the
(B) peaks Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the
(C) interiors Sierra Nevada. The word "prevailing" is closest
(D) distances in meaning to which of following?
(A) most frequent
044. If at such a spreading contact the two (B) occasional
plates support continents, a rift is formed that (C) gentle
will gradually widen and become flooded by the (D) most dangerous
sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the
American and Afro-European plates move in 048. There seem to have been several periods
opposite directions. The word "support" is within the last tens of thousands of years when
closest in meaning to which of following? water accumulated in these basins. The rise
(A) separate and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to
(B) create the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets
(C) reduce that covered much of the northern part of the
(D) hold North American continent during those times.
The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning
045. Coincident with concerns about the to which of following?
accelerating loss of species and habitats has (A) dried
been a growing appreciation of the (B) flooded (C)
importance of biological diversity, the number collected (D)
of species in a particular ecosystem, to the evaporated
health of the Earth and human well-being. The
word "appreciation" is closest in meaning to 049. All living creature, especially human
which of following? beings, have their peculiarities, but everything
(A) ignorance about the little sea cucumber seems unusual.
(B) recognition What else can be said about a bizarre animal
(C) tolerance that, among other eccentricities, eats mud,
(D) forgiveness feeds almost continuously day and night but
can live without eating for long periods, and
046. An alien exploring Earth would probably can be poisonous but is considered supremely
edible by gourmets?

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to (C) loudly declares

which of following? (D) often criticizes
(A) odd
(B) marine 053. Secular institutions, of control such as the
(C) simple police and army take the place of religion and
(D) rare family in maintaining order, and a money-
based economy prevails. Because of these
050. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly
when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs different from "folk". The word "prevails" is
into the water. It also casts off attached closest in meaning to which of following?
structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber (A) dominates
will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is (B) provides
attacked or even touched; it will do the same if (C) develops
the surrounding water temperature is too high (D) invests
or if the water becomes too polluted. The
phrase "castsoff" is closest in meaning to 054. Conventional computer models of the
which of following? atmosphere have limited value in predicting
(A) grows again short-lived local storms like the Edmonton
(B) grabs tornado, because the available weather data are
(C) gets rid of generally not detailed enough to allow
(D) uses as a weapon computers to discern the subtle atmospheric
changes that precede these storms. The word
051. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, "subtle" is closest in meaning to which of
conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is following?
homogeneous in custom and race, with a (A) complex
strong family or clan structure and highly (B) regular
developed rituals. The word "homogeneous" is (C) imagined
closest in meaning to which of following? (D) slight
(A) uniform
(B) general 055. Communications satellites can transmit
(C) primitive data around the world cheaply and
(D) traditional instantaneously, and modern computers can
quickly compile and analyzing this large
052. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in volume of weather information. The word
industrialized countries such as the United "compile" is closest in meaning to which of
States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest following?
modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the (A) put together
Amish, a German American farming sect that (B) look up
largely renounces the products and labor (C) pile high
saving devices of the industrial age. The (D) work over
phrase "largelyrenounces" is closest in
meaning to which of following? 056. Meteorologists and computer scientists
(A) generally rejects now work together to design computer
(B) greatly modifies programs and video equipment capable of

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

transforming raw weather data into words, (C) analyze

symbols, and vivid graphic displays that (D) increase
forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. The
word "raw" is closest in meaning to which of The word "distinctions" is closest in meaning
following? to which of following?
(A) stormy (A) differences
(B) inaccurate (B) classes
(C) uncooked (C) accomplishments
(D) unprocessed (D) characteristics

057. People in the United States in the 060. In science, a theory is a reasonable
nineteenth century were haunted by the explanation of observed events that are
prospect that unprecedented change in the related. A theory often involves an imaginary
nation's economy would bring social chaos. model that helps scientists picture the way an
The word "Prospect" is closest in meaning to observed event could be produced. The word
which of following? "related" is closest in meaning to which of
(A) regret following?
(B) possibility (A) connected
(C) theory (B) described
(D) circumstance (C) completed
(D) identified
058. Although the birth rate continued to
decline from its high level of the eighteenth and 061. If observations confirm the scientists'
early nineteenth century, the population predictions, the theory is supported. The
roughly doubled every generation during the word "supported" is closest in meaning to
rest of the nineteenth centuries. As the which of following?
population grew, its makeup also changed. The (A) finished
word "roughly" is closest in meaning to which (B) adjusted
of following? (C) investigated
(A) harshly (D) upheld
(B) surprisingly
(C) slowly 062. The ice trade grew with the growth of
(D) approximately cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and
hospitals, and by some forward-looking city
059. Rapid industrialization and increased dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter.
geographic mobility in the nineteenth century The phrase "forward-looking" is closest in
had special implications for women because meaning to which of following?
these changes tended to magnify social (A) progressive
distinctions. As the roles men and women (B) popular
played in society became more rigidly defined, (C) thrifty
so did the roles they played in the home. The (D) well-established
word "magnify" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 063. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy
(A) solve as we might now suppose. In the early
(B) explain nineteenth century, the knowledge of the

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

physics of heat, which was essential to a science 067. One important line of evidence comes
of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The word from flaking patterns of stone cores used in
"rudimentary" is closest in meaning to which tool making: implements flaked with a
of following? clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed
(A) growing toolmaker) can be distinguished from hose
(B) undeveloped flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation
(C) necessary (indicating a left-handed toolmaker) . The
(D) uninteresting word "implements" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
064. Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole (A) tools (B)
purpose of the American Academy and designs (C)
Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist examples (D)
and sustain an interest" in literature, music, pieces
and art.
The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which 068. Even scratches found on fossil human
of following? teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought
(A) only to have cut meat into strips by holding it
(B) honorable between their teeth and slicing it with stone
(C) common knives, as do the present-day Inuit. The word
(D) official "clues" is closest in meaning to which of
following?
065. One award subsidizes a promising (A) solutions
American writer's visit to Rome. There is even (B) details
an award for a very good work of fiction that (C) damage
failed commercially-once won by the young (D) information
John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more
recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and 069. The variation between the hemispheres
Trouble. The word "subsidizes" is closest in corresponds to which side of the body is used to
meaning to which of following? perform specific activities. Such studies, as well
(A) assures as studies of tool use, indicate that right-or left-
(B) finances sided dominance is not exclusive to
(C) schedules modern Homo sapiens.
(D) publishes The word "hemispheres" is closest in meaning
to which of following?
066. Committee membership rotates every (A) differences
year, so that new voices and opinions are (B) sides
constantly heard. The word "rotates" is (C) activities
closest in meaning to which of following? (D) studies
(A) alternates
(B) participates 070. Plants are subject to attack and infection
(C) decides by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species
(D) meets and have evolved a diverse array of
mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential
colonists.
The phrase "subjectto" is closest in meaning to

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

which of following? obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave

(A) susceptible to until pollen has been accurately placed or
(B) classified by removed. The word "placed" is closest in
(C) attractive to meaning to which of following?
(D) strengthened by (A) estimated
(B) measured
071. The external surfaces of plants, in addition (C) deposited
to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy (D) identified
cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as
trichomes, which either prevent feeding by 075. By such ingenious adaptations to specific
insects or may even puncture and kill insect pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards
larvae. The word "puncture" is closest in of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring
meaning to which of following? the survival of species as discrete identities.
(A) pierce At the same time they have made themselves
(B) pinch irresistible to collectors. The word "discrete"
(C) surround is closest in meaning to which of following?
(D) cover (A) complicated
(B) separate
072. Orchids are unique in having the most (C) inoffensive
highly developed of all blossoms, in which the (D) functional
usual male and female reproductive organs are
fused in a single structure called the column. 076. The public school system suddenly found
The word "fused" is closest in meaning to itself overtaxed. While the number of
which of following? schoolchildren rose because of wartime and
(A) combined postwar conditions, these same conditions
(B) hidden made the schools even less prepared to cope
(C) fertilized with the flood. The word "overtaxed" is closest
(D) produced in meaning to which of following?
(A) well prepared
073. To lure their pollinators from afar, (B) plentifully supplied
orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, (C) heavily burdened
colors, and scents. At least 50 different (D) charged too much
aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the
orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at 077. Therefore, in the 1950's and 1960's, the
most a few, species of insects or birds. The baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate
word "lure" is closest in meaning to which of school system. Consequently, the "custodial
following? rhetoric" of the 1930's and early 1940's no
(A) attract longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged
(B) recognize sixteen and older out of the labor market by
(C) follow keeping them in school could no longer be a
(D) help high priority for an institution unable to find
space and staff to teach younger children aged
074. Once the right insect has been attracted,
some orchids present all sorts of one-way

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 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

five to sixteen. The word "inadequate" is closest to have created a genre, the "railroad novel,"
in meaning to which of following? are now mostly forgotten, their names having
(A) deficient faded from memory.
(B) expanded The word s "faded from" in line 21 are closest
(C) innovative in meaning to
(D) specialized (A) grew in
(B) disappeared from
078. With the baby boom, the focus of (C) remained in
educators and of laymen interested in (D) developed from
education inevitably turned toward the lower
grades and back to basic academic skills and 082. The engine that became standard on
discipline. The word "inevitably" is closest in western steamboats was of a different and
meaning to which of following? novel design. It was the work primarily of an
(A) unwillingly unsung hero of American industrial progress,
(B) impartially Oliver Evans (1755-1819) . The word "novel"
(C) irrationally is closest in meaning to which of following?
(D) unavoidably (A) fictional
(B) intricate
079. Deeply philosophical historians such as (C) innovative
Henry Adams lamented the role that the new (D) powerful
frenzy for business was playing in eroding
traditional values. A distrust of industry and 083. The self-educated son of a Delaware
business continued among writers throughout farmer, Evans early became obsessed by the
the rest of the nineteenth century and into the possibilities of mechanized production and
twentieth. The word "lamented" is closest in steam power. As early as 1802 he was using a
meaning to which of following? stationary steam engine of high-pressure
(A) complained about design in his mill. Engines of this type were not
(B) analyzed unknown, but before Evans they were generally
(C) explained considered impractical and dangerous. The
(D) reflected on word "stationary" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
080. One thinks of melodramas, boys' books, (A) single
thrillers, romances, and the like rather than (B) fixed
novels of the first rank. The phrase "firstrank" (C) locomotive
is closest in meaning to which of following? (D) modified
(A) largest category
(B) highest quality 084. In shallow western rivers the weight of
(C) earliest writers vessel and engine was important; a heavy
(D) most difficult language engine added to the problem of navigation.
The word "vessel" is closest in meaning to
081. These writers, who can genuinely be said which of following?
(A) fuel
(B) crew
(C) cargo

12
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(D) craft with having created the painting may have

designed the work and overseen its production,
085. The key concepts emerged about 1957. but it is highly unlikely that the artist's hand
Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at Bell applied every stroke of the brush. More likely,
Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper numerous assistants, who had been trained to
outlining the conditions needed to amplify imitate the artist's style, applied the paint. The
stimulated emission of visible light waves. word "imitate" is closest in meaning to which
The word "emerged" is closest in meaning to of following?
which of following? (A) copy
(A) increased (B) illustrate
(B) concluded (C) promote
(C) succeeded (D) believe in
(D) appeared
The word "outlining" is closest in meaning to 089. On the other hand, when it comes to
which of following? substantive-particularly behavioral-
(A) assigning information, crows are less well known than
(B) studying many comparably common species and, for
(C) checking that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones:
(D) summarizing the endangered California condor, to cite one
obvious example. There are practical reasons
086. On this perfect surface, the artist would for this. The word "comparably" is closest in
sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with meaning to which of following?
inks, and then begin the deliberate process of (A) interestingly
applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (egg (B) similarly
yolk in which pigments are suspended) with (C) otherwise
small brushes. The word "deliberate" is closest (D) sometimes
in meaning to which of following?
(A) decisive 090. Being so educable, individual birds have
(B) careful markedly different interests and inclinations,
(C) natural strategies and scams. The word "inclination" is
(D) unusual closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) tricks
087. The quick-drying tempera demanded (B) opportunities
that the artist know exactly where each stroke (C) preferences
be placed before the brush met the panel, and it (D) experiences
required the use of fine brushes.
The word "demanded" is closest in meaning to 091. The confusion and congestion of
which of following? individual citizens looking for their letters was
(A) ordered itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is
(B) reported no wonder that, during the years of these
(C) required cumbersome arrangements, private letter-
(D) questioned carrying and express businesses developed.
The word "cumbersome"isclosestinmeaning
088. The painter or master who is credited

13
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

towhich of following? revealed that garbage had been stashed in the

(A) burdensome building's basement despite sanitation laws
(B) handsome to the contrary.
(C) loathsome The word "sanitation" is closest in meaning to
(D) quarrelsome which of following?
(A) city
092. But this delivery service was at first (B) housing
confined to cities, and free home delivery (C) health
became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a (D) trade
town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible
for free home delivery. The word "Confined" 096. When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the
is closest in meaning to which of following? Center of the Earth in 1864, there were many
(A) granted conflicting theories about the nature of the
(B) scheduled Earth's interior. Some geologists thought that it
(C) limited contained a highly compressed ball of
(D) recommended incandescent gas, while others suspected that it
consisted of separate shells, each made of a
093. They were, by training, social scientists, different material. The word "conflicting" is
not historians, and their work tended to reflect closest in meaning to which of following?
this bias. The questions they framed and the (A) controlling
techniques they used were designed to help (B) outdated
them understand, as scientists, how people (C) opposing
behaved. The word "framed" is closest in (D) important
meaning to which of following?
097. Beyond a depth of around 2,900
(B) read kilometers, a great change takes place and the
(C) avoided mantle gives way to the core.< Some seismic
(D) posed waves cannot pass through the core and others
are bent by it. From this and other evidence,
094. In Kingston, New York, for example, geologists conclude that the outer core is
evidence has been uncovered that indicates probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost
that English goods were being smuggled into certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller
that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly amount of other elements such as nickel. The
controlled trading in the area. The word phrase "giveswayto" is closest in meaning to
"supposedly" is closest in meaning to which of which of following?
following? (A) runs along
(A) ruthlessly (B) rubs against
(B) tightly (C) turns into
(C) barely (D) floats on
(D) seemingly
098. Although scientists can speculate about
095. And in Sacramento an excavation at the its nature, neither humans nor machines will
site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel ever be able to visit it. The word "speculate" is
closest in meaning to

14
Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

which of following? Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved

(A) report barren. In the eastern parts of the United
(B) learn States, the preferred grass for forage was a
(C) worry cultivated plant. The word "barren" is closest
(D) hypothesize in meaning to which of following?
(A) lonely
099. Farmers could get better prices for their (B) dangerous
crops if the alternative existed of sending (C) uncomfortable
them directly eastward to market, and (D) infertile
merchants could sell larger quantities of their
manufactured goods if these could be 103. In the eastern parts of the United States,
transported more directly and more the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated
economically to the west. plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when
The word "alternative" is closest in meaning to cut and stored it would cure and become
which of following? nourishing hay for winter feed. The word
(A) option "preferred" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) transition following?
(C) intention (A) ordinary
(D) authorization (B) available
(C) required
100. The distance was more than 350 miles, (D) favored
and there were ridges to cross and a wilderness
of woods and swamps to penetrate. The word 104. They were not juicy like the cultivated
"penetrate" is closest in meaning to which of eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems.
following? The word "hard" is closest in meaning to
(A) cut down which of following?
(B) go through (A) firm (B)
(C) fill up severe (C)
(D) take over difficult (D)
bitter
101. The range of the New York canal system
was still further extended when the states of 105. Nevertheless, most domestic architecture
Ohio and Indiana, inspired by the success of of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth
the Erie Canal, provided water connections century displays a wide divergence of taste
between Lake Erie and the Ohio River. The and freedom of application of the rules laid
word "extended" is closest in meaning to down in these books.
which of following? The word "divergence" is closest in meaning to
(A) increased which of following?
(B) constructed (A) description
(C) deepened (B) development
(D) measured (C) difference
(D) display
102. The answer lay in a resource that
unknowing Americans had trampled underfoot 106. New England still favored wood, though
in their haste to cross the "Great American

15
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

brick houses became common in Boston and term. It is should be an integral part of one's
other towns, where the danger of fire gave an entire life. The word "integral" is closest in
impetus to the use of more durable material. meaning to which of following?
A few houses in New England were built of (A) an equitable
stone, but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent (B) a profitable
areas was stone widely used in dwellings. (C) a pleasant
The word "durable" is closest in meaning to (D) an essential
which of following?
(A) attractive 110. For example, the edge of the Pacific Ocean
(B) expensive has been called the "Ring of Fire" because so
(C) refined many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes
(D) long-lasting happen there. Before the 1960's, geologists
could not explain why active volcanoes and
The word "dwelling" is closest in meaning to strong earthquakes were concentrated in that
which of following? region. The word "concentrated" is closest in
(A) houses meaning to which of following?
(B) towns (A) allowed
(C) outbuildings (B)clustered
(D) rural areas (C) exploded
(D) strengthened
107. Doorways were larger and more decorative.
Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. 111. In the United States in the early 1800's,
Walls were made of plaster or wood, sometimes individual state governments had more effect
elaborately paneled. The word "elaborately" is on the economy than did the federal
closest in meaning to which of following? government. States chartered manufacturing,
(A) done in great detail banking, mining, and transportation firms and
(B) put together carefully participated in the construction of various
(C) using many colors internal improvements such as canals,
(D) reinforced structurally turnpikes, and railroads. The word "effect" is
closest in meaning to which of following?
108. Whereas schooling has a certain (A) value
predictability, education quite often produces (B) argument
surprises. A chance conversation with (C) influence
stranger may lead a person to discover how (D) restraint
little is known of other religions. People are
engaged in education from infancy on. The 112. The states encouraged internal
word "chance" is closest in meaning to improvements in two distinct ways: first, by
which of following? actually establishing state companies to build
(A) unplanned such improvements; second, by providing part
(B) unusual of the capital for mixed public-private
(C) lengthy companies setting out to make a profit. The
(D) lively word "distinct" is closest in meaning to

109. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive

16
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

which of following? 116. It turns out that some fossils can be

(A) separate extracted from these sediments by putting the
(B) innovative rocks in an acid bath. The technique has
(C) alarming uncovered new evidence from sediments that
(D) provocative were deposited near the shores of the ancient
oceans-plant microfossils and microscopic
113. Finally, state governments experimented pieces of small animals. The word "extracted"
with direct labor and business regulation is closest in meaning to which of following?
designed to help the individual laborer or (A) located
consumer, including setting maximum limits (B) preserved
on hours of work and restrictions on price- (C) removed
fixing by businesses. The word "setting" is (D) studied
closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) discussing 117. The technique has uncovered new evidence
(B) analyzing from sediments that were deposited near the
(C) establishing shores of the ancient oceans-plant microfossils
(D) avoiding and microscopic pieces of small animals. In
many instances the specimens are less than
114. Although the states dominated economic one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter. The
activity during this period, the federal word "instances" is closest in meaning to
government was not inactive. Its goals were the which of following?
facilitation of western settlement and the (A) methods
development of native industries. Toward these (B) processes
ends the federal government pursued several (C) cases
courses of action. The word "ends" is closest in (D) reasons
meaning to which of following?
(A) benefits 118. In many instances the specimens are less
(B) decisions than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter.
(C) services Although they were entombed in the rocks for
(D) goals hundreds of millions of years, many of the
fossils consist of the organic remains of the
115. What forms of life were able to make such organism. The word "entombed" is closest in
a drastic change in lifestyle? The traditional meaning to which of following?
view of the first terrestrial organisms is based (A) crushed
on mega fossils-relatively large specimens of (B) trapped
essentially whole plants and animals. The (C) produced
word "drastic" is closest in meaning to which (D) excavated
of following?
(A) widespread 119. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-
(B) radical class republics --- whether ancient Romans,
(C) progressive seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or
(D) risky nineteenth-century Americans --- have always
shown a marked taste for portraiture.

17
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The word "marked" is closest in meaning to 122. Both the number and the percentage of
which of following? people in the United States involved in
(A) pronounced nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly
(B) fortunate during the half century following the Civil War,
(C) understandable with some of the most dramatic increases
(D) mysterious occurring in the domains of transportation,
manufacturing, and trade and distribution. The
120. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced word "domains" is closest in meaning to
to America, ushering in the age of which of following?
photography, and within a generation the new (A) fields
invention put an end to the popularity of (B) locations
painted portraits. Once again an original (C) organizations
portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the (D) occupations
wealthy and executed by the professional. The
phrase "usheringin" is closest in meaning to 123. The development of the railroad and
which of following? telegraph systems during the middle third of
(A) beginning the nineteenth century led to significant
(B) demanding improvements in the speed, volume, and
(C) publishing regularity of shipments and communications,
(D) increasing making possible a fundamental
transformation in the production and
The word "executed" is closest in meaning to distribution of goods. The word "fundamental"
which of following? is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) sold (A) possible
(B) requested (B) basic
(C) admired (C) gradual
(D) created (D) unique

121. Local crafts people-sign, coach, and house 124. To be sure, there were still small
painters-began to paint portraits as a profitable workshops, where skilled craftspeople
sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman manufactured products ranging from
who began by sketching family members newspapers to cabinets to plumbing fixtures.
gained a local reputation and was besieged with The word "skilled" is closest in meaning to
requests for portraits; artists found it worth which of following?
their while to pack their paints, canvases, and (A) hardworking
brushes and to travel the countryside, often (B) expert
combining house decorating with portrait (C) well-paid
painting. The word "sketching" is closest in (D) industrial
meaning to which of following?
(A) drawing 125. And there were factories in occupations
(B) hiring such as metalwork where individual
(C) helping contractors presided over what were
(D) discussing essentially handicraft proprietorships that
coexisted within a single building.

18
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The word s "presided over" in line 20 are 129. On the rare occasion when a fine piece of
closest in meaning to sculpture was desired, Americans turned to
(A) managed foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the
(B) led to cities of New York and Charleston, South
(C) worked in Carolina, commissioned the Englishman
(D) produced Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of
William Pill.
126. Objects in the universe show a variety of The word "rare" is closest in meaning towhich
shapes: round planets (some with rings) , tailed offollowing?
comets, wispy cosmic gas and dust clouds, (A) festive
ringed nebulae, pinwheel-shaped spiral (B) infrequent
galaxies, and so on. But none of the shapes on (C) delightful
this list describes the largest single entities in (D) unexpected
the universe. The word "entities" is closest in
meaning to which of following? 130. Desert mammals also depart from the
(A) factors normal mammalian practice of maintaining a
(B) processes constant body temperature. Instead of trying to
(C) objects keep down the body temperature deep inside
(D) puzzles the body, which would involve the expenditure
of water and energy, desert mammals allow
127. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of their temperatures to rise to what would
skulls and crossbones and other religious icons normally be fever height, and temperatures as
of death into the gray slabs that we still see high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured
standing today in old burial grounds. The word in Grant's gazelles. The word "maintaining" is
"motifs" is closest in meaning to which of closest in meaning to which of following?
following? (A) measuring
(A) tools (B) inheriting
(B) prints (C) preserving
(C) signatures (D) delaying
(D) designs
131. Another strategy of large desert animals is
128. Although they often achieved expression to tolerate the loss of body water to a point
and formal excellence in their generally that would be fatal for nonadapted animals.
primitive style, they remained artisans skilled The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body
in the craft of carving and constituted a group weight as water without harm to itself, whereas
distinct from what we normally think of as human beings die after losing only 12 to 13
"sculptors" in today's use of The word . The percent of their body weight. The word
word "distinct" is closest in meaning to "tolerate" is closest in meaning to which of
which of following? following?
(A) separate (A) endure
(B) assembled (B) replace
(C) notable (C) compensate
(D) inferior (D) reduce

19
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

132. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious (D) defeated

advantage in the desert, as animals do not have
to remain near a water hole but can obtain 136. In the same year, in San Francisco,
food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. California, only 2,000 units were built. San
Francisco has only a 1. 6 percent vacancy rate
The word "obtain" is closest in meaning to but stringent rent control laws. The word
which of following? "stringent" is closest in meaning to which of
(A) digest following?
(B) carry (A) straightforward
(C) save (B) strict
(D) get (C) expanded
(D) efficient
133. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal
government ordered landlords to roll back 137. For example, sometimes the shape or
their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future veining in a piece of stone or wood suggests,
rents could only go up by two thirds as much as perhaps even dictates, not only the ultimate
any increase in the overall price level. form, but even the subject matter. The word
The phrase "roll back" in lines 11-12 is closest in "dictates" is closest in meaning to which of
meaning to which of following? following?
(A) credit (A) reads aloud
(B) measure (B) determines
(C) vary (C) includes
(D) reduce (D) records

134. In any housing market, rental prices 138. In 1905 he was sent to Paris as an
perform three functions: (1) promoting the apprentice to an art dealer, and in the years
efficient maintenance of existing housing and that followed he witnessed the birth of
stimulating the construction of new housing. Cubism, discovered primitive art, and learned
The word "stimulating" is closest in meaning the techniques of woodcarving from a frame
to which of following? maker. The word "witnessed" is closest in
(A) experimenting with meaning to which of following?
(B) identifying (A) influenced
(C) estimating (B) studied
(D) encouraging (C) validated
(D) observed
135. One result of rent control is a decrease in
the construction of new rental units. Rent 139. The plank's form dictated the rigidly
Controls have artificially depressed the most frontal view and the low relief. Even its
important long-term determinant of irregular shape must have appealed to Laurent
profitability-rents. The word "depressed" is as a break with a long-standing tradition that
closest in meaning to which of following? required a sculptor to work within a perfect
(A) saddened rectangle or square. The phrase "abreakwith"
(B) created is closest in meaning to which of following?
(C) lowered

20
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(A) a destruction of few birds awake at any given moment to give

(B) a departure from the alarm. But this increased protection is
(C) a collapse of partially counteracted by the fact that mass
(D) a solution to roosts attract predators and are especially
vulnerable if they are on the ground. The word
140. In winter especially, it is important for "counteracted" is closest in meaning to which
birds to keep warm at night and conserve of following?
precious food reserves. The word "conserve" (A) suggested
is closest in meaning to which of following? (B) negated
(A) retain (C) measured
(B) watch (D) shielded
(C) locate
(D) share 144. Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve
meat for a short time, but the availability of
141. One way to do this is to find a sheltered fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very
roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense limited; there was no way to prevent spoilage.
vegetation or enter a cavity-horned larks dig The word "prevent" is closest in meaning to
holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into which of following?
snow banks-but the effect of sheltering is (A) estimate
magnified by several birds huddling together (B) avoid
in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, (C) correct
bluebirds, and anis do. The word "magnified" (D) confine
is closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) caused (B) 145. The icebox became a fixture in most
modified (C) homes and remained so until the mechanized
intensified (D) refrigerator replaced it in the 1920's and 1930's.
combined Almost everyone now had a more diversified
diet.
142. The second possible benefit of communal The word "fixture" is closest in meaning to
roots is that they act as "information centers." which of following?
During the day, parties of birds will have (A) luxury item
spread out to forage over a very large area. (B) substance
When they return in the evening some will have (C) commonplace object
fed well, but others may have found little to eat. (D) mechanical device
The word "forage" is closest in meaning to
which of following? 146. Some people continued to eat mainly foods
(A) fly that were heavy in starches or carbohydrates,
(B) assemble and not everyone could afford meat.
(C) feed Nevertheless, many families could take
(D) rest advantage of previously unavailable fruits,
vegetables, and dairy products to achieve more
143. Finally, there is safety in numbers at varied fare. The word "Nevertheless" is closest
communal roosts since there will always be a in meaning to which of following?

21
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(A) therefore adobe and wood. Anasazi houses were

(B) because originally built in pits and were entered from
(C) occasionally the roof. The word "pits" is closest in meaning
(D) however to which of following?
(A) stages
readily change its orientation, or phase. Cats (B) scars
know this instinctively, but scientists could not (C) seeds
be sure how it happened until they increased (D) holes
the speed of their perceptions a thousand fold.
The word "readily" is closest in meaning to 150. Each kiva had a fire pit and hole that was
which of following? believed to lead to the underworld. The largest
(A) only pueblos had five stories and more than 800
(B) easily rooms. The word "stories" is closest in
(C) slowly meaning to which of following?
(D) certainly (A) articles
(B) tales
147. The changing profile of a city in the United (C) levels
States is apparent in the shifting definitions (D) rumors
used by the United States Bureau of the Census.
In 1870 the census officially distinguished 151. The village chief dealt with land disputes
the nation's "urban" from its "rural" population and religious affairs. The war chief led the men
for the first time. The word "distinguished" is in fighting during occasional conflicts that
closest in meaning to which of following? broke out with neighboring villages and
(A) differentiated directed the men in community building
(B) removed projects. The word "disputes" is closest in
(C) honored meaning to which of following?
(D) protected (A) discussions
(B) arguments
148. Each SMSA would contain at least (a) one (C) developments
central city with 50,000 inhabitant or more or (D) purchases
(b) two cities having shared boundaries and
constituting, for general economic and social 152. This had a considerable effect on cattle
purposes, a single community with a combined ranching, since the herds no longer had
population of at least 50,000, the smaller of unrestricted use of the plains for grazing, and
which must have a population of at least the fencing led to conflict between the farmers
15,000. The word "constituting" is closest in and the cattle ranchers. The word
meaning to which of following? "unrestricted" is closest in meaning to which of
(A) located near following?
(B) determined by (A) unsatisfactory
(C) calling for (B) difficult
(D) making up (C) considerable
(D) unlimited
149. The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of

22
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(C) surfaces
153. The steel wires used are galvanized-coated (D) travels
with zinc to make them rustproof. The two
wires that make up the line wire or cable are 157. During ascent from a depth of 10 meters,
fed separately into a machine at one end. They the volume of air in the lungs will double
leave it at the other end twisted together and because the air pressure at the surface is only
barbed. The word "fed" is closest in meaning half of what it was at 10 meters. This change in
to which of following? volume may cause the lungs to distend and
(A) put even rupture. The word "rupture" is closest
(B) eaten in meaning to which of following?
(C) bitten (A) hurt
(D) nourished (B) shrink
(C) burst
154. The pressure exerted on the human body (D) stop
increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters
of depth in seawater, so that at 30 meters in 158. In the twentieth century, electron
seawater a diver is exposed to a pressure of microscopes have provided direct views of
about 4 atmospheres. viruses and minuscule surface structures. The
The word s "exposed to" in line 6 are closest word "minuscule" is closest in meaning to
in meaning to which of following?
(A) leaving behind (A) circular
(B) prepared for (B) dangerous
(C) propelled by (C) complex
(D) subjected to (D) tiny

155. Deep dives are less dangerous if helium is 159. Unlike conventional electron microscopy,
substituted for nitrogen, because under these x-ray microscopy enables specimens to be
pressures helium does not exert a similar kept in air and in water, which means that
narcotic effect. The word "exert" is closest in biological samples can be studied under
meaning to which of following? conditions similar to their natural state. The
(A) cause word "enables" is closest in meaning to
(B) permit which of following?
(C) need (A) constitutes
(D) change (B) specifies
(C) expands
156. As a scuba diver descends, the pressure of (D) allows
nitrogen in the lungs increases. Nitrogen then
diffuses from the lungs to the blood, and from 160. Because of the wavelength of the x-rays
the blood to body tissues. The word "diffuses" used, soft x-ray microscopes will never match
is closest in meaning to which of following? the highest resolution possible with electron
(A) yields microscopes. Rather, their special properties
(B) starts will make possible investigations that will
complement those performed with light-and
electron-based instruments.

23
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The word "Rather" is closest in meaning to devote their lives to unselfish service of
which of following? humanity. The word "devote" is closest in
(A) significantly meaning to which of following?
(B) preferably (A) distinguish
(C) somewhat (B) feel affection
(D) instead (C) prefer
(D) dedicate
161. What they do is look at familiar conditions
from a perspective that makes these conditions 165. Hotels were among the earliest facilities
seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us that bound the United States together. They
out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked were both creations and creators of
realization that many of the values we communities, as well as symptoms of the
unquestioningly accept are false. The word frenetic quest for community. The word
"realization" is closest in meaning to which of "bound" is closest in meaning to which of
following? following?
(A) certainty (A) led
(B) awareness (B) protected
(C) surprise (C) tied
(D) confusion (D) strengthened

162. It was the manner of expression, the 166. The growing custom of regularly
satiric method, that made them interesting and assembling from afar the representatives of
entertaining, satires are read because they are all kinds of groups, not only for political
aesthetically satisfying works of art, not conventions, but also for commercial,
because they are morally wholesome or professional, learned, and avocational ones... in
ethically instructive. The word "aesthetically" turn supported the multiplying hotels. The
is closest in meaning to which of following? word "assembling" is closest in meaning to
(A) artistically which of following?
(B) exceptionally (A) announcing
(C) realistically (B) motivating
(D) dependably (C) gathering
(D) contracting
163. They are stimulating and refreshing
because with commonsense briskness they 167. In the past, as today, men, women, and
brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. children adorned themselves with beads. In
The word "refreshing" is closest in meaning to some cultures still, certain beads are often
which of following? worn from birth until death, and then are
(A) popular (B) buried with their owners for the afterlife. The
ridiculous (C) word "adorned" is closest in meaning to
meaningful (D) which of following?
unusual (A) protected
(B) decorated
164. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies (C) purchased
attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens (D) enjoyed

24
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(A) opening
168. Besides their wear ability, either as jewelry (B) flower
or incorporated into articles of attire, beads (C) mouth
possess the desirable characteristics of every (D) tree
collectible: they are durable, portable, available
in infinite variety, and often valuable in their 172. Next, the crossbill snakes its long tongue
original cultural context as well as in today's into the gap and draws out the seed. Using the
market. The word "attire" is closest in combined action of the bill and tongue, the
meaning to which of following? birds cracks open and discards the woody
(A) ritual seed covering and swallows the nutritious inner
(B) importance kernel. The word "discards" is closest in
(C) clothing meaning to which of following?
(D) history (A) eats
(B) breaks (C)
169. Beads are miniature bundles of secrets finds out (D)
waiting to be revealed: their history, gets rid of
manufacture, cultural context, economic role,
and ornamental use are all points of 173. As a rule, large billed crossbills are better
information one hopes to unravel. The word at seeming seeds from large cones while small
"unravel" is closest in meaning to which of billed crossbills are more deft at removing the
following? seeds from small, thin scaled cones. The word
(A) communicate "deft" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) transport following?
(C) improve (A) hungry
(D) discover (B) skilled
(C) tired
170. Even the most mundane beads may have (D) pleasant
traveled great distances and been exposed to
many human experiences. The word 174. This bird has a large, robust bill, yet most
"mundane" is closest in meaning to which of of Newfoundland's conifers have small cones,
following? the same kind of cones that the slender-billed
(A) carved white-wings rely on. The word "robust" is
(B) beautiful closest in meaning to which of following?
(C) ordinary (A) strong
(D) heavy (B) colorful
(C) unusual
171. The crossed mandibles enable the birds to (D) sharp
exert a powerful biting force at the bill tips,
which is critical for maneuvering them between 175. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who
the scales and spreading the scales apart. Next, published the first official copies of the
the crossbill snakes its long tongue into the Declaration, the first copies that included the
gap and draws out the seed. names of its signers and therefore heralded
The word "gap" is closest in meaning to which the support of all thirteen colonies.
of following?

25
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The word "heralded" is closest in meaning to (B) apparent

which of following? (C) understood
(A) influenced (D) simplistic
(B) announced
(C) rejected 179. Their light was already halfway here before
(D) ignored the Earth even formed. The light from the
nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still
176. She was also the city's postmaster from dominated the animal world. The word
1775 to 1789 --- appointed by Benjamin "dominated" is closest in meaning to which of
Franklin --- and is considered to be the first following?
woman to hold a federal position. The word (A) threatened
"position" is closest in meaning to which of (B) replaced
following? (C) were developing in
(A) job (D) were prevalent in
(B) election
(C) document 180. This meant that wagon freighting, stage
(D) location coaching and steam boating did not come to an
end when the first train appeared; rather they
177. Galaxies are the major building blocks of became supplements or feeders. The word
the universe. A galaxy is a giant family of many "supplements" is closest in meaning to which
millions of stars, and it is held together by its of following?
own gravitational field. The word "major" is (A) extensions
closest in meaning to which of following? (B) reformers
(A) intense (C) dependents
(B) principal (D) influences
(C) lunge
(D) unique 181. Wagon freighters continued operating
throughout the 1870's and 1880's and into the
178. The elliptical galaxies have a 1890's,although over constantly shrinking
symmetrical elliptical or spheroidal shape routes, and coaches and wagons continued to
with no obvious structure. Most of their crisscross the West wherever the rails had
member stars are very old and since elliptical not yet been laid.
are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are The word "crisscross" is closest in meaning to
forming in them. The word "symmetrical" is which of following?
closest in meaning to which of following? (A) lead the way
(A) proportionally balanced (B) separate
(B) commonly seen (C) move back and forth
(C) typically large (D) uncover
(D) steadily growing
182. The primary reason was skepticism that
The word "obvious" is closest in meaning to a railroad built through so challenging and
which of following? thinly settled a stretch of desert, mountain, and
(A) discovered semiarid plain could pay a profit. The word
"skepticism" is closest in meaning to which of
following?

26
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(A) doubt 186. Counts could also be maintained by

(B) amazement making scratches in the dirt or on a stone, by
(C) urgency cutting notches in a piece of wood, or by tying
(D) determination knots in a string. The word "maintained" is
closest in meaning to which of following?
183. In discussing the Pacific Railroad bill, the (A) justified
chair of the congressional committee bluntly (B) asserted
stated that without government subsidy no (C) located
one would undertake so unpromising a venture; (D) kept
yet it was a national necessity to link East and
West together. The word "subsidy" is closest in 187. Then, perhaps later, an assortment of
meaning to which of following? vocal sounds was developed as a word tally
(A) persuasion against the number of objects in a small group.
(B) financing The word "assortment" is closest in meaning
(C) explanation to which of following?
(D) penalty (A) instrument
(B) variety
184. However, the concept of number and the (C) surplus
counting process developed so long before the (D) symbol
time of recorded history (there is chaeological
evidence that counting was employed by 188. Their products, primarily silver plates and
humans as far back as 50,000 years ago) that bowls, reflected their exalted status and
the manner of this development is largely testified to their customers' prominence. The
conjectural. The word "conjectural" is word "exalted" is closest in meaning to which
closest in meaning to which of following? of following?
(A) complex (A) unusual
(B) based on guessing (B) uncertain
(C) unbelievable (C) surprising
(D) supported by careful research (D) superior

185. Probably the earliest way of keeping a 189. Colonial coppersmithing also came of
count was by some simple tally method, age in the early eighteenth century and
employing the principle of one-to-one prospered in northern cities. The phrase
correspondence. In keeping a count of sheep, "cameofage" is closest in meaning to which of
for example, one finger per sheep could be following?
turned under. (A) established itself
The word "employing" is closest in meaning to (B) declined
which of following? (C) became less expensive
(A) using (D) was studied
(B) paying
(C) focusing 190. Fossils are the remains and traces (such
(D) hiring as footprints or other marks ) of ancient plant
and animal life that are more than 10,000
years old.

27
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The word "traces" is closest in meaning to appear will be greater than the concentrations
which of following? that the pollutants would have in the absence
(A) structures of human activities. The word "noxious" is
(B) importance closest in meaning to which of following?
(C) skeletons (A) harmful
(D) imprints (B) noticeable
(C) extensive
191. The woolly mammoth, a long-haired (D) weak
rhinoceros, and other mammals have been
periodically exposed in the tundra of Siberia, 195. The actual concentration need not be large
the hair and red flesh still frozen in cold storage. for a substance to be a pollutant; in fact the
numerical value tells us little until we know
The word "exposed" is closest in meaning to how much of an increase this represents over
which of following? the concentration that would occur naturally in
(A) photographed the area. For example, sulfur dioxide has
(B) uncovered detectable health effects at 0. 08 parts per
(C) located million (ppm) , which is about 400 times its
(D) preserved natural level. The word "detectable" is closest
in meaning to which of following?
192. A useful definition of an air pollutant is a (A) beneficial
compound added directly or indirectly by (B) special
humans to the atmosphere in such quantities (C) measurable
as to affect humans, animals, vegetation, or (D) separable
materials adversely. The word "adversely" is
closest in meaning to which of following? 196. The acute, growing public awareness of
(A) negatively the social changes that had been taking place
(B) quickly for some time was tied to tremendous growth
(C) admittedly in popular journalism in the late nineteenth
(D) considerably century, including growth in quantity and
circulation of both magazines and newspapers.
193. As the Earth developed, the concentrations The word "acute" is closest in meaning to
of these pollutants were altered by various which of following?
chemical reactions; they became components (A) useful
in biogeochemical cycles. The word (B) intense
"altered" is closest in meaning to which of (C) genuine
following? (D) controversial
(A) eliminated
(B) caused 197. Furthermore, the introduction in 1890 of
(C) slowed the first successful linotype machine promised
(D) changed even further growth. In 1872 only two daily
newspapers could claim a circulation of over
194. The result is an increased concentration of 100,000, but by 1892 seven more newspapers
noxious chemicals in the air. The exceeded that figure. A world beyond the
concentrations at which the adverse effects

28
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

immediate community was rapidly becoming 201. This is why glass shatters so easily when
visible. The word "exceeded" is closest in dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time,
meaning to which of following? especially when exposed to moisture, and
(A) controlled why glassware must be slowly reheated and
(B) surpassed uniformly cooled after manufacture to release
(C) affected internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
(D) equaled The word s "exposed to" in line 19 are closest
in meaning to
198. Magazines as they are known today began (A) hardened by
publication around 1882, and, in fact, the (B) chilled with
circulation of weekly magazines exceeded that (C) subjected to
of newspapers in the period which followed. By (D) deprived of
1892, for example, the circulation of the Ladies'
Home Journal had reached an astounding 202. This is why glass shatters so easily when
700,000. dealt a blow, why glass deteriorates over time,
The word "astounding" is closest in meaning especially when exposed to moisture, and why
to which of following? glassware must be slowly reheated and
(A) surprising uniformly cooled after manufacture to release
(B) estimated internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
(C) encouraging The word "induced" is closest in meaning to
(D) sudden which of following?
(A) joined
199. It is lightweight, impermeable to liquids, (B) missed
readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, (C) caused
and often very beautiful. The word "durable" is (D) lost
closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) lasting 203. The best-known specimens are the
(B) delicate remarkable tracks discovered at Lactoli,
(C) heavy Tanzania, by Mary Leakey. The word
(D) plain "remarkable" is closest in meaning to which
of following?
200. In effect, as molten glass cools, it (A) extraordinary
progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so (B) enormous
without setting up a network of interlocking (C) various
crystals customarily associated with that (D) orderly
process. The word "customarily" is closest in
meaning to which of following? 204. The pressures exerted along the foot,
(A) naturally together with the length of stride, which
(B) necessarily averaged 87 centimeters, indicated that the
(C) usually hominids had been walking slowly. In short, all
(D) certainly the detectable morphological features implied
that the feet that left the footprints were very
little different from those of contemporary
humans. The word "exerted" is closest in
meaning to

29
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

Which of following? The word "vary" is closest in meaning to

(A) influenced which of following?
(B) applied (A) differ
(C) returned (B) endure
(D) lessened (C) balance
(D) contribute
205. The study of fossil footprints is not
restricted to examples from such remote 209. Unimprovised, completely structured jazz
periods. Hundreds of prints are known, for does exist, but the ability of the best jazz
example, in French caves dating from the end musicians to create music of great cohesion
of the last ice age, approximately 10, 000 years and beauty during a performance has been a
ago. The word "restricted" is closest in hallmark of the music and its major source of
meaning to which of following? inspiration and change. The word "cohesion"
(A) limited is closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) improved (A) sorrow
(C) continued (B) fame
(D) succeeded (C) unity
(D) vibration
206. The livelihood of each species in the vast
and intricate assemblage of living things 210. The second distinguishing characteristic of
depends on the existence of other organisms. jazz is a rhythmic drive that was initially
The word "intricate" is closest in meaning to called "hot" and later "swing." The word
which of following? "initially" is closest in meaning to which of
(A) difficult following?
(B) widespread (A) at first
(C) critical (B) shortly
(D) complex (C) alphabetically
(D) in fact
207. A multitude of microorganisms (including
viruses and bacteria) and an army of 211. In playing hot, a musician consciously
invertebrates --- The expression "an army" is departs from strict meter to create a relaxed
closest in meaning to which of following? sense of phrasing that also emphasizes the
(A) an illness underlying rhythms. The word "consciously"
(B) an attack is closest in meaning to which of following?
(C) a large number (A) carelessly
(D) a distinct type (B) easily
(C) periodically
208. Members of the animal kingdom have (D) purposely
developed a variety of defense mechanisms for
dealing with parasites. Although these 212. Not all jazz is hot, however; many early
mechanisms vary considerably, all major bands played unadorned published
groups of animals are capable of detecting and arrangements of popular songs. The word
reacting to the presence of "foreign" cells. "unadorned" is closest in meaning to

30
Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

Which of following? Which of following?

(A) lovely (A) control
(B) plain (B) catastrophe
(C) disorganized (C) avoidance
(D) inexpensive (D) history

213. The tight arrangement enabled the 217. Helium nuclei have also been found to be
Mandans to protect themselves more easily constituents of cosmic rays that fall on the
from the attacks of others who might seek to earth (cosmic "rays" are not really a form of
obtain some of the food these highly capable radiation; they consist of rapidly moving
farmers stored from one years to the next. particles of numerous different kinds) . The
The word "enabled" is closest in meaning to word "constituents" is closest in meaning to
which of following? which of following?
(A) covered (A) relatives
(B) reminded (B) causes
(C) helped (C) components
(D) isolated (D) targets

214. They had to exercise considerable skill 218. Its relative abundance never seems to
to produce the desired results, for their vary much. In some places, there may be
northern location meant fleeting growing slightly more of it; in others, slightly less, but
seasons. The word "considerable" is closest in the ratio of helium to hydrogen nucleial ways
meaning to which of following? remains about the same. The word "vary" is
(A) planning closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) much (A) mean
(C) physical (B) stretch
(D) new (C) change
(D) include
215. This green corn was boiled, dried, and
shelled, with some of the maize slated for 219. However, the amount of helium that could
immediate consumption and the rest stored have been produced in this manner can be
in animal-skin bags. The word "consumption" calculated, and it turns out to be no more
is closest in meaning to which of following? than a few percent. The word "calculated" is
(A) decay closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) planting (A) ignored (B)
(C) eating converted (C)
(D) conversion increased (D)
determined
216. With appropriate banking of the extrafood,
the Mandans protected themselves against the 220. By the time the universe was a few
disaster of crop failure and accompanying minutes old, helium production has effectively
hunger. The word "disaster" is closest in ceased. The word "ceased" is closest in
meaning to meaning to

31
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

which of following? which of following?

(A) extended (A) provided
(B) performed (B) spent (C)
(C) taken hold avoided (D)
(D) stopped absorbed

221. Wealthy and socially prominent settlers 225. Growing tightly packed together and
made quilts of the English type, cut from large collectively weaving a dense canopy of
lengths of cloth of the same color and texture branches, a stand of red alder trees can totally
rather than stitched together from smaller dominate a site to the exclusion of almost
pieces. The word "prominent" is closest in everything else. The word "dense" is closest in
meaning to which of following? meaning to which of following?
(A) isolated (A) dark
(B) concerned (B) tall
(C) generous (C) thick
(D) distinguished (D) broad

222. This term was usually applied to a fabric 226. Farm dwellers in their isolation not only
of wool and linen used in heavy clothing and found it harder to locate companions in play
quilted petticoats worn in the wintertime. The but also, thanks to the unending demands
phrase "applied to" is closest in meaning to and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to
which of following? combine fun with purpose. The phrase "thanks
(A) sewn onto to" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) compared to following?
(C) used for (A) grateful for
(D) written down on (B) help with
(C) because of
223. Rather, they were made of a top layer of (D) machines for
woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric,
consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long 227. The most eagerly anticipated social
wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown events were the rural fairs. Hundreds of men,
with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen women, and children attended from far and
material, either natural or a shade of yellow. near. The phrase "eagerly anticipated" is
The word "coarser" is closest in meaning to closest in meaning to which of following?
which of following? (A) well organized
(A) older (B) old-fashioned
(B) less heavy (C) strongly opposed
(C) more attractive (D) looked forward to
(D) rougher
228. Although the phlogiston theory was self-
224. The linsey-woolsey covering was found in consistent, it was awkward because it required
the colder regions of the country because of the that imaginative, even mysterious, properties
warmth it afforded. The word "afforded" is be ascribed to phlogiston.
closest in meaning to

32
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The word "properties" is closest in meaning to first used instead of charcoal for refining iron
which of following? ore.
(A) interpretations The word "revolutionized" is closest in
(B) locations meaning to which of following?
(C) characteristics (A) quickly started
(D) virtues (B) gradually opened
(C) dramatically changed
229. Although the phlogiston theory was self- (D) carefully examined
consistent, it was awkward because it required
that imaginative, even mysterious, properties 233. Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron
be ascribed to phlogiston. The phrase as a building material lay in its strength, its
"ascribed to" is closest in meaning to which of resistance to fire, and its potential to span vast
following? areas. The word "appeal" is closest in meaning
(A) analyzed and isolated in to which of following?
(B) returned to their original condition in (A) adjustment
(C) assumed to be true of (B) assignment
(E) diagrammed with (C) attraction
(D) attempt
230. In the eighteenth century, Antoine
Lavoisier, on the basis of careful 234. Significantly, the use of exposed iron
experimentation was led to propose a different occurred mainly in the new building types
theory of burning, one that required a spawned by the Industrial Revolution: in
constituent of air-later shown to be oxygen- factories, warehouses, commercial offices,
for combustion. exhibition halls, and railroad stations, where its
The word "constituent" is closest in meaning to practical advantages far outweighed its lack of
which of following? status. The word "spawned" is closest in
(A) component meaning to which of following?
(B) opposite (A) created
(C) principle (B) maintained
(D) temperature (C) rejected
(D) exposed
231. Since the weight of the oxygen is always
added, the weight of the products of 235. Designers of the railroad stations of the
combustion, including the evolved gases, would new age explored the potential of iron, covering
always be greater than the weight of the huge areas with spans that surpassed the
starting material. The word "Since" is great vaults of medieval hurches and cathedrals.
closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) later The word "surpassed" is closest in meaning to
(B) because which of following?
(C) during (A) imitated
(D) although (B) exceeded
(C) approached
232. Iron production was revolutionized in (D) included
the early eighteenth century when coke was

33
Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

236. Their composition is thought to be similar 240. These experiments were designed to
to that of Earth's iron core, and indeed they detect consciousness --- The word
might have once made up the core of a large "detect" is closest in meaning to which of
planetoid that disintegrated long ago. The word following?
"core" is closest in meaning to which of (A) imitate the behavior of
following? (B) provide a reason for
(A) center (C) discover the presence of
(B) surface (D) report a need for
(C) mineral
(D) field 241. The scientific investigation of an
experience as private as consciousness is
237. When meteorites fall on the continent, frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the
they are embedded in the moving ice sheets. experimental psychologist. This may be one
At places where the glaciers move upward reason that many researchers have shied
against mountain ranges, meteorites are left away from the notion of mind and
exposed on the surface. The word "embedded" consciousness in nonhuman animals. The
is closest in meaning to which of following? phrase "shied away from" is closest in
(A) isolated meaning to which of following?
(B) encased (A) approached
(C) enhanced (B) avoided
(D) enlarged (C) respected
(D) allowed
238. The pale, smooth desert plain provides a
perfect backdrop for spotting meteorites, 242. Gallup' report of the experiment,
which are usually dark brown of black. The published in a 1970 article, was a milestone in
word "spotting" is closest in meaning to our understanding of animal minds, and
which of following? psychologists wondered how widespread self-
(A) removing recognition would prove to be. The word
(B) identifying "milestone" is closest in meaning to which of
(C) cooling following?
(D) falling (A) significant development
(B) initial step
239. A pioneering set of experiments has been (C) universal concept
important in the revolution in our (D) obstruction to progress
understanding of animal behavior-a revolution
that eroded the behaviorist dogma that only 243. Biological diversity has become widely
humans have minds. The word "dogma" is recognized as a critical conservation issue
closest in meaning to which of following? only in the past two decades. The word
(A) evaluation "critical" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) proof following?
(C) intention (A) negative
(D) belief (B) essential
(C) interesting
(D) complicated

34
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(B) simple
244. The high rate of species extinctions in (C) projecting
these environments is jolting, but it is (D) important
important to recognize the significance of
biological diversity in all ecosystems. The 248. Locks and escutcheon plates-the latter to
word "jolting" is closest in meaning to shield the wood from the metal key-would
which of following? often be imported.
(A) predicted The word "shield" in line 23 closest in meaning
(B) shocking to
(C) unknown (A) decorate
(D) illuminating (B) copy
(C) shape
245. However, nothing has ever equaled the (D) protect
magnitude and speed with which the human
species is altering the physical and chemical 249. The establishment of these posts opened
world and demolishing the environment. The new roads and provided for the protection of
word "magnitude" is closest in meaning to daring adventurers and expeditions as well as
which of following? established settlers. The word "daring" is
(A) concern closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) determination (A) lost
(C) carelessness (B) bold
(E) extent (C) lively
(D) foolish
246. The conservatism of the early English
colonists in North American, their strong 250. Throughout the wilderness, post bands
attachment to the English way of doing provided entertainment and boosted morale.
things, would play a major part in the furniture The word "boosted" is closest in meaning to
that was made in New England. The phrase which of following?
"attachment to" is closest in meaning to which (A) influenced
of following? (B) established
(A) control of (C) raised
(B) distance from (D) maintained
(C) curiosity about
(D) preference for 251. It slowed construction of forts and
247. The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut inhibited their military function. The word
into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the "inhibited" is closest in meaning to which of
tongue of protruding element shaped from following?
another piece of wood so that it fits into the (A) involved
mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (B) exploited
(with the auger) through the mortised end and (C) united
the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the (D) hindered
joint-thus the term "joiner… The word
"protruding" is closest in meaning to which of 252. Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone
following? knows that it is usually not exactly like its
(A) parallel

35
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

modern counterpart, the most obvious

difference being that it is often much heavier. 256. Those who could afford them were quite
The word "counterpart' is closest in meaning content to reunion in the more sumptuous,
to which of following? single-family homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to
(A) species young married couples and bachelors. The word
(B) version "sumptuous" is closest in meaning to which of
(C) change following?
(D) material (A) luxurious
(B) unique
253. But it is a wrong interpretation; fossils are (C) modern
frequently so dense because the pores and (D) distant
other spaces in the bone have become filled
with minerals taken up from the surrounding 257. The lot could also accommodate a
sediments. The word "pores" is closest in rectangular tenement, though it could not
meaning to which of following? yield the square, well-lighted, and logically
(A) joints arranged rooms that great apartment buildings
(B) tissues require. The word "yield" is closest in
(C) lines meaning to which of following?
(D) holes (A) harvest
(B) surrender
254. Although nothing remains of the original (C) amount
collagen, some of its component amino acids (D) provide
are usually still detectable, together with
amino acids of the noncollagen proteins of 258. A snowfall consists of myriads of minute
bone. The word "detectable" is closest in ice crystals that fall to the ground in the form of
meaning to which of following? frozen precipitation. The word "minute" is
(A) sizable closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) active (A) tiny
(C) moist (B) quick
(D) apparent (C) clear
(D) sharp
255. In spite of Hunt's inviting facade, the
living space was awkwardly arranged. Those 259. The process can be very rapid, quickly
who could afford them were quite content to creating sizable ice crystals, some of which
reunion in the more sumptuous, single-family adhere to each other to create a cluster of ice
homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to young crystals or a snowflake. The word "adhere" is
married couples and bachelors. The word closest in meaning to which of following?
"inviting" is closest in meaning to which of (A) belong
following? (B) relate
(A) open (C) stick
(B) encouraging (D) speed
(C) attractive
(D) asking

36
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

260. In addition, mountainous sections or

rising terrain can initiate snowfalls by the 264. Among the species of seabirds that use the
geographical lifting of a moist airstream. windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada
The word "initiate" is closest in meaning to in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their
which of following? young are common murres, Atlantic puffins,
(A) enhance black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets.
(B) alter The word "rear" is closest in meaning to which
(C) increase of following?
(D) begin (A) visit
(B) watch
261. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates (C) reverse
many chemical compounds and is constantly (D) raise
modifying the face of the Earth. Evaporated
from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, 265. The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the
some of which are transported by wind over the immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot
continents. The word "modifying" is closest in scale the sheer rocks, and from ravens and
meaning to which of following? other species of gulls, which have difficulty in
(A) changing landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs. The
(B) traveling word "scale" is closest in meaning to which
(C) describing of following?
(D) destroying (A) climb
(B) avoid
262. This last figure shows the importance of (C) approach
the ocean as the principal reservoir of the (D) measure
hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water
transport on the continents. The word 266. This immunity has been followed by a
"rapidity" is closest in meaning to which of relaxation of the defenses, and kittiwakes do
following? not react to predators nearly as fiercely as do
(A) significance ground-nesting gulls. The word "immunity" is
(B) method closest in meaning to which of following?
(C) swiftness (A) distance
(D) reliability (B) transition
(C) protection
263. The erosion of the continents thus results (D) reminder
from two closely linked and interdependent
processes, chemical erosion and mechanical 267. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the
erosion. Their respective interactions and nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as
efficiency depend on different factors. The well as their tendency to leave the nest littered
word "efficiency" is closest in meaning to with eggshells, makes its location very
which of following? conspicuous. The word "conspicuous" is
(A) relationship closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) growth (A) disordered
(C) influence (B) suspicious
(D) effectiveness

37
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(C) noticeable (D) modified

(D) appealing
272. Proponents of these reforms argued that
268. hand other the On, nesting on a narrow public ownership and regulation would insure
ledge has its own peculiar problems, and widespread access to these utilities and
kittiwake behavior has become adapted to guarantee a fair price. The word
overcome them. The phrase "On the other "Proponents" is closest in meaning to which
hand" is closest in meaning to which of of following?
following? (A) Experts (B)
(A) therefore Pioneers (C)
(B) however Reviewers (D)
(C) for example Supporters
(D) by no means
273. By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had
269. Throughout the nineteenth century and developed in western Europe up to this time
into the twentieth, citizens of the United States had been introduced into the American
maintained a bias against big cities. The word colonies through books and prints, European
"bias" is closest in meaning to which of visitors and immigrants, and traveling colonists
following? who brought back copies of old master
(A) diagonal paintings and acquaintance with European art
(B) slope institutions. By the outbreak of the
(C) distortion Revolution against British rule in 1776, the
(D) prejudice status of the artist had already undergone
change. The word "outbreak" is closest in
270. These new urbanites, already convinced meaning to which of following?
that cities were overwhelmed with great (A) cause
problems, eagerly embraced the progressive (B) beginning
reforms that promised to bring order out of the (C) position
chaos of the city. The word "embraced" is (D) explanation
closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) suggested The word "undergone" is closest in meaning to
(B) overestimated which of following?
(C) demanded (A) led to
(D) welcomed (B) transformed
(C) preferred
271. Reformers feared that the privately owned (D) experienced
utility companies would charge exorbitant
rates for these essential services and deliver 274. Some colonial urban portraitist, such as
them only to people who could afford them. John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and
The word "exorbitant" is closest in meaning to Charles Willson Peale, consorted with
which of following? affluent patrons. The word "consorted" is
(A) additional closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) expensive (A) made decisions
(C) various

38
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(B) studied mammoth physical plant of tracks signals,

(C) agreed crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus
(D) associated telegraph and telephone lines the railroad
nurtured factory complexes, coat piles,
275. Although subject to fluctuations in their warehouses, and generating stations, forming
economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient along its right-of-way what has aptly been
patronage to allow them to maintain an image called "the metropolitan corridor" of the
of themselves as professional artists, an image American landscape. The word "Moreover" is
indicated by their custom of signing their closest in meaning to which of following?
paintings. The word "sufficient" is closest in (A) consequently
meaning to which of following? (B) furthermore
(A) adequate (C) although
(B) temporary (D) because
(C) friendly
(D) expensive The word "aptly" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
276. The railroad simultaneously stripped the (A) appropriately
landscape of the natural resources, made (B) virtually
velocity of transport and economy of scale (C) consistently
necessary parts of industrial production, and (D) incessantly
carried consumer goods to households; it
dispatched immigrants to unsettled places, 279. The Native Americans of northern
drew emigrants away from farms and villages California were highly skilled at basketry, using
to cities, and sent men and guns to battle. The the reeds, grasses, barks, and roots they found
word "drew" is closest in meaning to which around them to fashion articles of all sorts
of following? and sizes-not only trays, containers, and
(A) obliged cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby
(B) designed carriers, and ceremonial objects. The word
(C) helped "fashion" is closest in meaning to which of
(D ) attracted following?
(A) maintain
277. It standardized time and travel, seeking to (B) organize
annihilate distance and space by allowing (C) trade
movement at any time and in any season or (D) create
type of weather. The word "annihilate" is
closest in meaning to which of following? 280. In addition, they made used of four
(A) conquer distinct variations on the basic twining process,
(B) utilize often employing more than one of them in a
(C) separate single article. The word "article" is closest in
(D) mechanize meaning to which of following?
(A) decoration
278. Moreover, in addition to its being a (B) shape
transportation pathway equipped with a (C) design

39
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(D) object 285. The most finely grained igneous rock is

volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no
281. Though other materials were sometimes crystals. The word "finely" is closest in
used, these four were the staples in their finest meaning to which of following?
basketry. The word "staples" is closest in (A) minutely
meaning to which of following? (B) loosely
(A) combinations (C) sensitively
(B) limitations (D) purely
(C) accessories
(D) basic elements 286. It was in the cities that the elements that
can be associated with modern capitalism first
282. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to appeared-the use of money and commercial
produce from fifteen to twenty distinct paper in place of barter, open competition in
patterns that could be combined in a number of place of social deference and hierarchy, with an
different ways. The word "distinct" is closest in attendant rise in social disorder, and the
meaning to which of following? appearance of factories using coal or water
(A) systematic power in place of independent craftspeople
(B) beautiful working with hand tools. The phrase "in place
(C) different of" is closest in meaning to which of
(D) compatible following?
(A) connected to
283. Periodically, molten material wells out of (B) in addition to
the Earth's interior to invade the surface (C) because of
layers or to flow onto the surface itself. The (D) instead of
word "invade" is closest in meaning to which
of following? The word "attendant" is closest in meaning to
(A) move into which of following?
(B) neutralize (A) avoidable
(C) cover (B) accompanying
(D) deposit (C) unwelcome
(D) unexpected
284. Granite may be found on the surface of
the contemporary landscape, but from its 287. Except for Boston, whose population
coarse texture we know that it must have stabilized at about 16, 000 in 1760, cities grew
formed through slow cooling at a great depth by exponential leaps through the eighteenth
and later been laid bare by erosion. The word century. The phrase "exponential leaps" is
"contemporary" is closest in meaning to closest in meaning to which of following?
which of following? (A) long wars
(A) vast (B) new laws
(B) natural (C) rapid increases
(C) existing (D) exciting changes
(D) uneven
288. The quality of the hinterland dictated the

40
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

pace of growth of the cities. The word clear about the distinction between long-range
"dictated" is closest in meaning to which of and immediate goals because long-range goals
following? often involve a different decision than short-
(A) spoiled range ones. The word "succinct" is closest in
(B) reduced meaning to which of following?
(C) determined (A) creative
(D) divided (B) satisfactory
(C) personal
289. The land surrounding Boston had always (D) concise
been poor farm country, and by the mid-
eighteenth century it was virtually stripped of 293. Focusing on long-range goals, a
its timber. The available farmland was graduating student might revise the question
occupied; there was little in the region beyond above to "What will I do after graduation that
the city to attract immigrants. The word will lead to a successful career?" The word
"virtually" is closest in meaning to which of "revise" is closest in meaning to which of
following? following?
(A) usually (A) ask
(B) hardly (B) explain
(C) very quickly (C) change
(D) almost completely (D) predict

290. Although there are several variations on 294. The ecosystems of the Earth provide an
the exact format that worksheet can take, they array of free public services that are essential
are all similar in their essential aspects. The for the support of civilizations. The word
word "essential" is closest in meaning to "array" is closest in meaning to which of
which of following? following?
(A) introductory (A) large number
(B) changeable (B) excess
(C) beneficial (C) requirement
(D) fundamental (D) model

291. Next, the pertinent considerations that 295. They do know, however, that the theory
will be affected by each decision are listed, and once advanced in the nineteenth century ---
the relative importance of each consideration that the productivity of the land can be
or consequence is determined. The word infinitely increased by the application of capital,
"pertinent" is closest in meaning to which of labor, and science --- is wrong. The word
following? "advanced" is closest in meaning to which of
(A) relevant following?
(B) preceding (A) debated
(C) insightful (B) ignored
(D) responsive (C) proved
(D) proposed
292. A decision-making worksheet begins with
a succinct statement of the problem that will 296. Two reasons are usually advanced to
also help to narrow it. It is important to be

41
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

account for this tardy development, namely, filmy light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its
the mental difficulties and the physical beautiful rays are a sensational sight during
difficulties encountered in such work. The an eclipse. The corona's rays flash out in a
word "tardy" is closest in meaning to which brilliant fan that has wispy spike like rays near
of following? the Sun's north and south poles. The word
(A) historical "sensational" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) basic following?
(C) unusual (A) spectacular
(D) late (B) predictable
(C) bizarre
297. The first of these, the mental difficulties, (D) constant
must be somewhat discounted. The
impression that the ancient numeral systems 301. She also photographs away from her studio
are not amenable to even the simplest at various architectural sites, bringing camera,
calculations is largely based on lack of lights, mirrors, and a crew of assistants to
familiarity with these systems. transform the site into her own abstract
The word "discounted" is closest in meaning to image. The word "transform" is closest in
which of following? meaning to which of following?
(A) reduced (A) move (B)
(B) contradicted extend (C)
(C) disregarded change (D)
(D) interpreted interpret

298. Without a plentiful and convenient supply 302. At first she works only with objects,
of some suitable writing medium, any very concentrating on their composition ; then
extended development of the arithmetic she lights them and adds color from lights
process was bound to be hampered. covered with colored filters. The word
The word "hampered" is closest in meaning to "composition" is closest in meaning to which
which of following? of following?
(A) impeded (A) arrangement
(B) concluded (B) brightness
(C) unnoticed (C) quality
(D) rejected (D) size

299. In the core of the Sun, the pressures are so 303. She visits each location several times to
great against the gases that, despite the high make sketches and test shots. Until she brings
temperature, there may be a small solid core. in the lights, however, she cannot predict
The word "great" is closest in meaning to exactly what they will do to the image, so there
which of following? is some improvising on the spot. The word
(A) dangerous "shots" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) unknown following?
(C) variable (A) injections
(D) strong (B) photographs
(C) loud noises
300. The corona is a brilliant, pearly white,

42
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(D) effective remarks 308. Soon afterward, however, work began on

the more modest Deep Sea Drilling Project,
304. With its radiant color and plantlike shape, which is not aimed at reaching the mantle but
the sea anemone looks more like a flower than at exploring the crust itself. The expression
an animal. "more modest" is closest in meaning to
The word "shape" is closest in meaning to which of following?
which of following? (A) more sophisticated
(A) length (B) more timid
(B) grace (C) less ambitious
(C) form (D) less controversial
(D) nature
309. This venture uses a special ship, the
305. The upper end of the sea anemone has a Glomar Challenger, which can be held
mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal precisely in position in the sea --- without any
uses to capture its food. The word "capture" anchor --- by sound-wave guiding systems and
is closest in meaning to which of following? computer-controlled propellers. The word
(A) catch "precisely" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) control following?
(C) cover (A) exactly
(D) clean (B) clearly
(C) economically
306. When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts (D) practically
its tentacles and shortens its body so that it
resembles a lump on a rock. The word 310. Throughout the colonial period there was
"retracts" is closest in meaning to which of a marked shortage of women, which varied
following? with the regions and was always greatest in the
(A) pulls back frontier areas. The word "marked" is closest in
(B) relaxes meaning to which of following?
(C) reproduces (A) underlined
(D) lifts up (B) graded
(C) prolonged
307. The first such attempt, the ambitious (D) distinct
Project Mohole, got under way during the
1960's and proved the value of deep-sea drilling 311. Puritan town councils expected widows
by making several test holes in the mantle and unattached women to be self-
beneath the crust before spiraling costs led to supporting and for a long time provided needy
its cancellation. The word "spiraling" is closest spinsters with parcels of land. The phrase
in meaning to which of following? "unattached women" is closest in meaning to
(A) rising which of following?
(B) necessary (A) women without high social status
(C) unpredictable (B) women without property
(D) circular (C) unmarried women
(D) unemployed women

43
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

312. The artisan who makes pottery in North radiation. The word "eerily" is closest in
America today utilizes his or her skill and meaning to which of following?
imagination to create items that are beautiful (A) strangely
as well as functional, transforming something (B) increasingly
ordinary into something special and unique. (C) slightly
The word "functional" is closest in meaning to (D) superficially
which of following?
(A) useful 317. They are, in fact, remarkably discerning in
(B) strong color gradation. The color sensitivity of normal
(C) inexpensive human vision is rarely surpassed even by
(D) original sophisticated technical devices. The word
"surpassed" is closest in meaning to which of
313. The potter uses one of the Earth's most following?
basic materials: clay. Clay can be found almost (A) recorded
anywhere. The word "basic" is closest in (B) exceeded
meaning to which of following? (C) found
(A) familiar (D) provided
(B) fundamental
318. Once, just before he died, when he was
(D) dirty sick with the flu, I took him a sack full of
oranges. The joy I felt in giving that simple gift
314. They then pour on the liquid glaze and let is undiminished by time. He said he liked
it run over the clay surface, making any kind of oranges, too. "
decorative pattern that they want. The word The word "undiminished" is closest in meaning
"pattern" is closest in meaning to which of to which of following?
following? (A) not exaggerated
(A) model (B) not lessened
(B) color
(C) puzzle (D) unequaled
(D) design
319. And he was kind to me; I will always be
315. Horses live in a monochrome world. grateful that in his absolute warmth and
Light visible to human eyes, however, occupies generosity he fulfilled my deepest dream (and
only a very narrow band in the whole need) of what a poet should be. " The word
electromagnetic spectrum. The word "dream" is closest in meaning to which of
"monochrome" is closest in meaning to which following?
of following? (A) nightmare
(A) monotonous (B) expectation
(B) ultraviolet (C) sleep
(C) one-dimension (D) misconception
(D) one-color
320. "After my first meeting with Langston
316. The world would look eerily different if Hughes I vowed I would write a book about
human eyes were sensitive to infra-red him for children someday.

44
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The word "vowed" is closest in meaning to (C) enjoy

which of following? (D) improve
(A) confided
(B) believed 325. There were two widely divergent
(C) denied influences on the early development of
(D) promised statistical methods The word "divergent" is
closest in meaning to which of following?
321. A third process by which salinity may be (A) different
altered is associated with the formation and (B) distributed
melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the (C) recorded
dissolved materials are left behind. The word (D) prominent
"altered" is closest in meaning to which of
following? 326. Descriptive statistics is a tool for
(A) determined describing or summarizing or reducing to
(B) changed comprehensible form the properties of an
(C) accumulated otherwise unwieldy mass of data. The word
(D) needed "unwieldy" is closest in meaning to which of
following?
322. With encouragement from the park, local (A) unmanageable
landowners initiated a land-use planning (B) unpredictable
effort to guide the future of the North Fork. (C) understandable
The word "initiated" is closest in meaning to (D) unreliable
which of following?
(A) started 327. From then on, humans would increasingly
(B) requested take their living from the controlled
(C) purchased production of a few plants, rather than getting
(D) considered a little here and a little there from many
varieties that grew wild-and the accumulated
323. The willingness of local landowners to knowledge of lens of thousands of years of
participate in this protection effort may have experience and intimacy with plants in the wild
been stimulated by concerns that Congress would begin to fade away. The word
would impose a legislative solution. The word "controlled" is closest in meaning to which of
"stimulated" is closest in meaning to which of following?
following? (A) abundant
(A) motivated (B) managed
(B) anticipated (C) required
(C) substituted (D) advanced
(D) undermined
328. This century, the work of cognitive
324. Nevertheless, many local residents want to psychologists has illuminated the subtle
retain the existing the character of the area. forms of daily learning on which intellectual
The word "retain" is closest in meaning to progress depends. The word "illuminated" is
which of following? closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) preserve
(B) possess

45
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(A) illustrated The word "random" is closest in meaning to

(B) accepted which of following?
(C) clarified (A) unpredictable
(D) lighted (B) perplexing
(C) independent
329. They have also suggested that the very (D) abnormal
concept of abstract numbers-the idea of a
oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to 333. During the 1920's she was editor of The
any class of objects and is a prerequisite for Dial, an important literary magazine of the
doing anything more mathematically period. The word "period" is closest in
demanding than setting a table-is itself far meaning to which of following?
from innate. The word "prerequisite" is (A) movement
closest in meaning to which of following? (B) school
(A) reason (C) region
(B) theory (D) time
(C) requirement
(D) technique succeeding generations of poets and readers.
The word "succeeding" is closest in meaning to
330. The droplets or ice crystals in clouds are which of following?
exceedingly small. The effect of gravity on them (A) inheriting
is minute. Air currents move and lift droplets (B) prospering
so that the net downward displacement is zero, (C) diverse
even though the droplets are in constant (D) later
motion. The word "minute" is closest in
meaning to which of following? 334. The Southwest has always been a dry
(A) second country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and
(B) tiny Zuni brought water from streams to their fields
(C) slow and gardens through irrigation ditches. The
(D) steady word "scarce" is closest in meaning to which
of following?
331. Air currents move and lift droplets so that (A) limited
the net downward displacement is zero, even (B) hidden
though the droplets are in constant motion. (C) pure
The word "motion" is closest in meaning to (D) necessary
which of following?
(A) wind 335. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the
(B) change growing crystals exert pressure on the rock
(C) movement and eventually pry the rock apart along planes
(D) humidity of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic
rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or
332. To the casual observer, dust seems to act preexisting or incipient fractions, and along
in a totally random fashion, moving about boundaries between individual mineral crystals
chaotically without fixed direction. or grains.
The word "exert" is closest in meaning to

46
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

which of following? (C) inexpensive

(A) put (D) undeveloped
(B) reduce
(C) replace 339. Nearly all interstate commerce was carried
(D) control out by sailing ships that served the bays and
harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation
336. A rock durable enough to have withstood was on the threshold of a new era of road
natural conditions for a very long time in other development.
areas could probably be shattered into small The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and
pieces by salt weathering within a few 5 is closest in meaning to which of following?
generations. The word "durable" is closest in (A) in need of
meaning to which of following? (B) in place of
(A) large (C) at the start of
(B) strong (C) (D) with the purpose of
flexible (D)
pressured 340. The company built a gravel road within
two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike
The word "shattered" is closest in meaning to encouraged imitation. Northern states
which of following? generally relied on private companies to build
(A) arranged their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a
(B) dissolved network at public expense. The word
(C) broken apart "imitation" is closest in meaning to which of
(D) gathered together following?
(A) investment
337. The dominant salt in Death Valley is (B) suggestion
halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, (C) increasing
mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause (D) copying
prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice. The
word "dominant" is closest in meaning to 341. Its peoples became great traders,
which of following? bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts,
(A) most recent tools, and other goods along extensive trading
(B) most common networks that stretched up and down eastern
(C) least available North America and as far west as the Rocky
(D) least damaging Mountains. The word "bartering" is closest in
meaning to which of following?
338. Overland transport in the United States (A) producing
was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads (B) exchanging
were few and short, usually extending from (C) transporting
inland communities to the nearest river town (D) loading
or seaport. The word "primitive" is closest in
meaning to which of following? 342. Over the next centuries, it was
(A) unsafe supplanted by another culture, the
(B) unknown Mississippian, named after the river along
which many of its earliest villages were located.

47
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The word "supplanted" is closest in meaning to itself to subtle modeling and shading through
which of following? the use of fine lines. The word "distinctive" is
(A) conquered closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) preceded (A) unique
(C) replaced (B) accurate
(D) imitated (C) irregular
(D) similar
343. Most of these towns boasted at least one
major flat-topped mound on which stood a 347. Both methods can yield several hundred
temple that contained a sacred flame. Only good-quality prints before the original block or
priests and those charged with guarding the plate begins to show signs of wear. The word
flame could enter the temples. The phrase "yield" is closest in meaning to which of
"charged with" is closest in meaning to following?
which of following? (A) imitate
(A) passed on (B) produce
(B) experienced at (C) revise
(C) interested in (D) contrast
(D) assigned to
348. But not all animal parents, even those that
344. Printmaking is the generic term for a tend their offspring to the point of hatching or
number of processes, of which woodcut and birth, feed their young. The word "tend" is
engraving are two prime examples. The closest in meaning to which of following?
word "prime" is closest in meaning to (A) sit on
which of following? (B) move
(A) principal (C) notice
(B) complex (D) care for
(C) general
(D) recent 349. Few insects feed their young after
hatching, but some make other arrangement,
345. Engraving, which grew out of the provisioning their cells and nests with
goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and caterpillars and spiders that they have
northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth paralyzed with their venom and stored in a
century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian state of suspended animation so that their
intagliare, "to carve") . The image is incised larvae might have a supply of fresh food when
into a highly polished metal plate, usually they hatch. The word "provisioning" is closest
copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. in meaning to which of following?
The word "incised" is closest in meaning to (A) supplying
which of following? (B) preparing
(A) burned (C) building
(B) cut (D) expanding
(C) framed
(D) baked 350. For animals other than mammals, then,

346. Both woodcut and engraving have

distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends

48
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

feeding is not intrinsic to parental care.

Animals add it to their reproductive strategies 354. At any rate, plant growth greatly
to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for enriched our atmosphere with oxygen. The
descendants. reason for this enrichment is that plants, in the
The word "edge" is closest in meaning to which presence of sunlight, process carbon dioxide
of following? and water to produce oxygen. The word "At
(A) opportunity any rate" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) advantage following?
(C) purpose (A) regardless
(D) rest (B) in addition
(C) although unlikely
351. Young that are fed by their parents become (D) fortunately
nutritionally independent at a much greater
fraction of their full adult size. And in the 355. Over 25,000 islands are scattered across
meantime those young are shielded against the surface of the Pacific, more than in all the
the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find other oceans combined, but their land area
supplies. The word "shielded" is closest in adds up to little more than 125,000 square
meaning to which of following? kilometers, about the size of New York State,
(A) raised and their inhabitants total less than two million
(B) protected people, about a quarter of the number that live
(C) hatched in New York City. The word "scattered" is
(D) valued closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) widely known
352. A second, more dense atmosphere, (B) usually estimated
however, gradually enveloped Earth as gasses (C) rarely inhabited
from molten rocks within its hot interior (D) irregularly distributed
escaped through volcanoes and steam vents.
The word "enveloped" is closest in meaning to 356. Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of
which of following? their small size and particular characteristics,
(A) surrounded but even the most favored are very isolated
(B) changed fragments of land, strictly circumscribed by
(C) escaped the ocean, strictly limited in terms of the
(D) characterized numbers of people they can support. The
phrase "by virtue of" is closest in meaning to
353. With much of the water vapor already which of following?
condensed into water and the concentration of (A) regarding
carbon dioxide dwindling, the atmosphere (B) because of
gradually became rich nitrogen. The word (C) taking advantage of
"gradually" is closest in meaning to which of (D) in place of
following?
(A) accidentally The word "circumscribed" is closest in
(B) quickly meaning to which of following?
(C) in the end (A) located
(D) by degrees (B) flooded

49
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(C) restricted (A) structure

(D) pushed (<B
(C) condition
357. Simply surviving those ocean crossings of (D) environment
indeterminate length, in open canoes, to
arrive on the shores of uninhabited and 361. When water is scarce (as is often the case
hitherto unknown islands, was a formidable on a mountain) , lichens may become dormant
achievement. The word "indeterminate" is and remain in that condition for prolonged
closest in meaning to which of following? periods of time. The word "prolonged" is
(A) undecided closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) uncertain (A) precise
(C) unacceptable (B) extended
(D) increasing (C) approximate
(D) regular
358. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars'
efforts for several decades until the early 362. For decades, scientists wondered how the
nineteenth century when several key offspring of an alga and a fungus got together
hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the to form a new lichen; it seemed unlikely that
Greek inscriptions. The word "thwarted" is they would just happen to encounter one
closest in meaning to which of following? another.
(A) continued The word "encounter" is closest in meaning to
(B) influenced which of following?
(C) encouraged (A) lose
(D) frustrated (B) support
(C) meet
359. Lichens, probably the hardiest of all (D) create
plants, live where virtually nothing else can---
not just on rugged mountain peaks but also on 363. Newbery notwithstanding, Americans
sunbaked desert rocks. The word "hardest" is still looked on children's books as vehicles for
closest in meaning to which of following? instruction, not amusement, though they would
(A) most unusual accept a moderate amount of fictional
(B) most basic entertainment for the sake of more successful
(C) most abundant instruction. The word "notwithstanding" is
(D) most vigorous closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) in spite of
360. Unlike other members of the plant (B) in addition to
kingdom, lichens are actually a partnership (C) as a result of
between two plants. The framework of a (D) as a part of
lichen is usually a network of minute hairlike
fungus that anchors the plant. The word 364. As the children's book market expanded,
"framework" is closest in meaning to which then, what both public and publishers wanted
of following? was the kind of fiction Maria Edgeworth wrote:
stories interesting enough to attract children

50
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

and morally instructive enough to allay adult which of following?

distrust of fiction. The word "allay" is closest (A) mix
in meaning to which of following? (B) change
(A) clarify (C) adapt
(B) attack (D) reduce
(C) reduce
(D) confirm 369. In the atmosphere, a large portion of the
Sun's incoming energy is used to evaporate
365. The characters of children in this fiction water, primarily in the tropical oceans.
were serious, conscientious, self-reflective, and The word "primarily" in the line 19 is closest
independent --- strong testimony to the in meaning to which of following?
continuing influence of the earlier American (A) chiefly
moralistic tradition in children's books. The (B) originally
word "testimony to" is closest in meaning to (C) basically
which of following? (D) clearly
(A) inspiration for
(B) evidence of 370. Other species may become better adapted
(C) requirement for to an environment, resulting in competition
(D) development of and, ultimately, in the death of a species. The
word "ultimately" is closest in meaning to
366. The Moon, which has undergone a which of following?
distinct and complex geological history (A) exceptionally
presents a striking appearance. (B) dramatically
The word "undergone" is closest in meaning to (C) eventually
which of following? (D) unfortunately
(A) altered
(B) substituted 371. One of the best-known examples of mass
(C) experienced extinction occurred 65 million years ago with
(D) preserved the demise of dinosaurs and many other
forms of life. The word "demise" is closest in
367. It is now known that the vast majority of meaning to which of following?
the Moon's craters were formed by the impact (A) change
of solid bodies with the lunar surface. (B) recovery
The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which (C) help
of following? (D) death
(A) special
(B) Known 372. One interesting, and controversial,
(C) varied finding is that extinctions during the past 250
(D) great million years have tended to be more intense
every 26 million years. The word "finding" is
368. The term "latent heat" refers to the energy closest in meaning to which of following?
that has to be used to convert liquid water to (A) published information
water vapor. The word "convert" is closest in (B) research method
meaning to

51
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(C) ongoing experiment (A) adapt

(D) scientific discovery (B) train
(C) restrict
373. Even the name is an epithet, a synonym (D) organize
for the stunted, the scruffy, the insignificant,
what is beautiful about such a place? The word 377. Some sixth-and fifth-century B. C.
"insignificant" is closest in meaning to which Athenian pottery establishments are known to
of following? have concentrated on a limited range of fine
(A) unimportant ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the
(B) undisturbed island of Thasos produced many types of
(C) immature pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to
(D) inappropriate meet local demand. The word "presumably" is
closest in meaning to which of following?
374. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to (A) frequently
locate their workshops near their source of clay, (B) practically
regardless of its relation to the center of (C) preferably
settlement. The phrase "regardless of" is closest (D) probably
in meaning to which of following?
(A) as a result of 378. The expense of moving a family to the
(B) no matter what ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of
(C) proud of many, and the cost of tools draft animals, a
(D) according to wagon, a well, fencing, and of building the
simplest house, might come to$1,000---a
375. The techniques of pottery manufacture formidable barrier. The word "formidable" is
had evolved well before the Greek period, but closest in meaning to which of following?
marked stylistic developments occurred in (A) obvious
shape and in decoration, for example, in the (B) predictable
interplay of black and other glazes with the red (C) difficult
surface of the fired pot. The word "marked" is (D) manageable
closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) original 379. Homesteaders usually came from districts
(B) attractive not far removed from frontier conditions. And
(C) noticeable despite the intent of the law, speculators often
(D) patterned managed to obtain large tracts. The word
"intent" is closest in meaning to which of
376. The broad utility of terra-cotta was such following?
that workers in clay could generally afford to (A) purpose
confine themselves to either decorated ware (B) power
and house wares like cooking pots and storage (C) effect
jars or building materials like roof tiles and (D) invention
drainpipes. The word "confine" is closest in
meaning to which of following? 380. The smooth operation of an ant colony
depends on ten to twenty different signals,

52
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

most of which are pheromones(chemical and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily
signals triggering behavioral responses) . accessible. The word "accessible" is closest
The phrase "smooth operation" is closest in in meaning to which of following?
meaning to which of following? (A) buried
(A) daily activity (B) improved
(B) effective functioning (C) available
(C) delicate balance (D) workable
(D) permanent location
385. Variations of clay composition and the
381. The simple of these is the carbon dioxide temperatures at which they are fired account
from the respiration of an ant cluster, a for the differences in texture and appearance
chemical that acts pheromone to promote between a china teacup and an earthenware
aggregation. The word "cluster" is closest in flowerpot. The phrase "account for" is closest
meaning to which of following? in meaning to which of following?
(A) organ (A) reduce
(B) activity (B) explain
(C) group (C) combine with
(D) cycle (D) list all of

382. Fire ants also make use of an alarm 386. One researcher observed babies and their
pheromone to alert workers to an emergency, mothers in six diverse cultures and found that,
and their scouts lay down a trail pheromone as in all six languages, the mothers used
a guide during mass migrations. The word simplified syntax, short utterances and
"alert" is closest in meaning to which of nonsense sounds, and transformed certain
following? sounds into baby talk. The word "diverse" is
(A) allow closest in meaning to which of following?
(B) transport (A) surrounding
(C) warn (B) divided
(D) provide (C) different
(D) stimulating
383. A fire ant queen emits a chemical signal
that identifies her to the colony's workers. They 387. Other investigators have noted that when
respond by scurrying to gather around her. mothers talk to babies who are only a few
The decomposing corpse of a dead ant also months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness,
generates a signal, to which workers respond and intensity of their words.
by eliminating the corpse from the nest. The The word "noted" is closest in meaning to
word "scurrying" is closest in meaning to which of following?
which of following? (A) theorized
(A) agreeing (B) requested
(B) appearing (C) disagreed
(C) competing (D) observed
(D) rushing

384. Rivers also reveal clay along their banks,

53
Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

388. They also exaggerate their facial (C) described

expressions, hold vowels longer, and (D) evaluated
emphasize certain words. The word
"emphasize" is closest in meaning to which of 392. John Olmsted did the investigation and
following? subsequent report on Seattle's parks. The
(A) stress word "subsequent" is closest in meaning to
(B) repeat which of following?
(C) explain (A) complicated
(D) leave out (B) alternate
(C) later
389. When songs have been subjected to (D) detailed
these processes, their origin is usually
impossible to trace. The word "subjected" is 393. With such unparalleled sums at their
closest in meaning to which of following? disposal, with the Olmsted guidelines to follow,
(A) reduced and with the added incentive of wanting to
(B) modified have the city at its best for the Alaska-Yukon-
(C) exposed Pacific Exposition of 1909, the Parks Board
(D) imitated bought aggressively. The word "sums" is
closest in meaning to which of following?
390. This constant reshaping and re-creation is (A) problems
the essence of folk music. Consequently, (B) amounts
modern popular songs and other published (C) services
music, even though widely sung by people who (D) debts
are not professional musicians, are not
considered folk music. The word "essence" is 394. Many prehistoric people subsisted as
closest in meaning to which of following? hunters and gatherers. Undoubtedly, game
(A) basic nature animals, including some very large species,
(B) growing importance provided major components of human diets.
(C) full extent The word "Undoubtedly" is closest in meaning
(D) first phase to which of following?
(A) occasionally
391. In 1903 the members of the governing (B) unexpectedly
board of the University of Washington, in (C) previously
Seattle, engaged a firm of landscape architects, (D) certainly
specialists in the design of outdoor The word "components" is closest in meaning
environments --- Olmsted Brothers of to which of following?
Brookline, Massachusetts --- to advise them on (A) parts
an appropriate layout for the university (B) problems
grounds. The word "engaged" is closest in (C) changes
meaning to which of following? (D) varieties
(A) trained
(B) hired 395. Hunter-gatherers may have contributed to
Pleistocene extinctions in more indirect ways.
Besides overhunting, at least three other

54
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

kinds of effects have been suggested: direct 399. Thomas Hancock, an English settler, wrote
competition, imbalances between competing thanking his plant supplier for a gift of some
species of game animals, and early agricultural tulip bulbs from England, but his letter of the
practices. The word "Besides" is closest in following year grumbled that they were all
meaning to which of following? dead. The word "grumbled" is closest in
(A) caused by meaning to which of following?
(B) whereas (A) denied
(C) in addition to (B) warned
(D) in favor of (C) complained
(D) explained
396. If such hunters first competed with the
larger predators and then replaced them, they 400. No two comets ever look identical, but
may have allowed more young to survive each they have basic features in common, one of the
year, gradually increasing the populations of most obvious of which is a coma. The word
favored species. The word "favored" is "identical" is closest in meaning to which of
closest in meaning to which of following? following?
(A) large (A) equally fast
(B) escaping (B) exactly alike
(C) preferred (C) near each other
(D) local (D) invisible

397. They became an integral part of the 401. At the heart of a comer's coma lies a
gardens of the Ottoman Empire from the nucleus of solid material, typically no more
sixteenth century onward, and, soon after, part than 10 kilometers across. The word
of European life as well. The word "integral" is "heart" is closest in meaning to which of
closest in meaning to which of following? following?
(A) interesting (A) center
(B) fundamental (B) edge
(C) ornamental (C) tail
(D) overlooked (D) beginning

398. They flourished in Pennsylvania too, 402. The most graphic proof that the grand
where in 1698 William Penn received a report spectacle of a comet develops from a relatively
of John Tateham's "Great and Stately Palace," small and inconspicuous chunk of ice and dust
its garden full of tulips. The word "flourished" was the close-up image obtained in 1986 by the
is closest in meaning to which of following? European Giotto probe of the nucleus of
(A) were discovered Halley's Comet. The word "graphic" is closest
(B) were marketed in meaning to which of following?
(C) combined (A) mathematical
(D) thrived (B) popular
(C) unusual
(D) vivid

55
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

403. As a comet's orbit brings it closer to the

Sun, first the coma grows, then two distinct 407. Aphids, which are particularly vulnerable
tails usually form. The word "distinct" is to predators because of their gregarious habits
closest in meaning to which of following? and sedentary nature, secrete an alarm
(A) visible pheromone when attacked that causes nearby
(B) gaseous aphids to respond by moving away. The word
(C) separate "sedentary" is closest in meaning to which of
(D) new following?
(A) inactive
404. Pheromones are substances that serve as (B) inefficient
chemical signals between members of the same (C) unchangeable
species. The word "serve" is closest in meaning (D) unbalanced
to which of following?
(A) improve 408. These innovations in manufacturing
(B) function boosted output and living standards to an
(C) begin unprecedented extent; the average per capita
(D) rely wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year-
30 percent over the course of a generation.
405. Pheromones are the predominant medium The word "boosted" is closest in meaning to
of communication among insects (but rarely which of following?
the sole method) . Some species have simple (A) ensured
pheromone systems and produce only a few (B) raised
pheromones, but others produce many with (C) arranged
various functions. The word "sole" is closest in (D) discouraged
meaning to which of following?
(A) obvious 409. Since the 1790's, North American
(B) best entrepreneurs --- even without technological
(C) only improvements --- had broadened the scope of
(D) final the outwork system that made manufacturing
more efficient by distributing materials to a
406. Some species, such as ants, seem to be succession of workers who each performed a
very articulate creatures, but their medium of single step of the production process. The
communication is difficult for humans to study word "scope" is closest in meaning to which
and appreciate because of our own olfactory of following?
insensitivity and the technological difficulties (A) value
in detecting and analyzing there pheromones. (B) popularity
The word "detecting" is closest in meaning to (C) extent
which of following? (D) diversity
(A) controlling
(B) storing 410. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware
(C) questioning inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly
(D) finding automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by
water power. The word "prolific" is closest
in meaning to which of following?

56
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

(A) efficient provided the perfect steady seller because their

(B) productive information pertained to the locale in which
(C) self-employed they would be used. The word "locale" is
(D) progressive closest in meaning to which of following?
(A) topic
411. This new technology enabled them to build (B) season
factories in the Nation's largest cities, taking (C) interest
advantage of urban concentrations of (D) place
inexpensive labor, Good transportation
networks, and eager customers. The word 415. What unusual or unique biological train
"eager" is closest in meaning to which of led to the remarkable diversification and
following? unchallenged success of the ants for over 50
(A) wealthy million years? The word "unique" is closest in
(B) knowledgeable meaning to which of following?
(C) regular (A) inherited
(D) enthusiastic (B) habitual
(C) singular
412. Small, both in format and number of pages, (D) natural
they were generally bound simply, in board(a
form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper 416. The answer appears to be that they were
wrappers (a sewn antecedent of modern-day the first group of predatory ensocial insects
paperbacks) . The word "antecedent" is closest that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil
in meaning to which of following? and in rotting vegetation on the ground.
(A) predecessor The word "rotting" is closest in meaning to
(B) format which of following?
(C) imitation (A) decaying
(D) compontent (B) collected
(C) expanding
413. By far, the most appealing publishing (D) cultivated
investments were to be found in small books
that had proven to be steady sellers, providing 417. Richly organized colonies of the kind made
a reasonably reliable source of income for the possible by eusociality enjoy several key
publisher. advantages over solitary individuals. The word
The word "appealing" is closest in meaning to "key" is closest in meaning to which of
which of following? following?
(A) dependable (A) uncommon
(B) respectable (B) important
(C) enduring (C) incidental
(D) attractive (D) temporary

414. Almanacs, annual publications that 418. Composers today use a wider variety of
contained information on astronomy and sounds than ever before, including many that
weather patterns arranged according to the were once considered undesirable noises.
days, week, and months of a given year,

57
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

The word "wider" is closest in meaning to had prevailed immediately following the Civil
which of following? War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to realism.
(A) more impressive
(B) more distinctive The word "prevailed" is closest in meaning to
(C) more controversial which of following?
(D) more extensive (A) dominated
(B) transformed
419. Non-Western music typically divides and (C) entered
interval between two pitches more finely than (D) generalized
Western music does, thereby producing a
greater number of distinct tones, or microtones, 423. Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and
within the same interval. The word "thereby" is Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the South;
closest in meaning to which of following? Hamlin garland described life on the Great
(A) in return for Plains; and Sarah Orne Jewett wrote about
(B) in spite of everyday life in rural New England.
(C) by the way The word "depicted" in line11 is closest in
(D) by that means meaning to which of following?
(A) emphasized
420. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in (B) described
1900) rose spectacularly in the early decades of (C) criticized
the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic (D) classified
1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of
circumstances contributed to the meteoric 424. Theodore Dreiser, the foremost
rise of Los Angeles. The word "meteoric" is naturalist writer, in novels such as Sister Carrie,
closest in meaning to which of following? grimly portrayed a dark world in which human
(A) rapid beings were tossed about by forces beyond
(B) famous their understanding or control.
(C) controversial The word "foremost" is closest in meaning to
(D) methodical which of following?
(A) most difficult
421. The downtown business district did not (B) interesting
grow apace with the city as a whole, and the (C) most focused
rapid transit system designed to link the center (D) leading
with outlying areas withered away from disuse.
The phrase "apace with" is closest in meaning 425. Even in this current era of large scale,
to which of following? intensive research and development, the
(A) anew with interrelationships involved in this process are
(B) apart from frequently misunderstood. The word
(C) as fast as "intensive" is closest in meaning to which of
(D) at the middle of following?.
(A) decreased
422. After the 1870's, a number of important (B) concentrated
authors began to reject the romanticism that (C) creative
(D) advanced

58
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

426. The widespread and usually uncritical (A) covering

acceptance of this thesis led in turn to the (B) selecting
assumption that application of science to (C) developing
industrial purposes was a linear process, (D) explaining
starting with fundamental science, then
proceeding to applied science or technology, 430. Few predators fail to pursue such
and through them to industrial use. The word obviously vulnerable prey. Needless to say,
"assumption" is closest in meaning to which each short run between "flight attempts" is
of following? directed away from the nest. The word
(A) understanding "pursue" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) public awareness following?
(C) scientific knowledge (A) catch
(D) expansion (B) notice
(C) defend
427. The most thoroughly studied cases of (D) chase
deception strategies employed by ground-
nesting birds involve plovers, small birds that 431. Glass fibers were little more than a novelty
typically nest on beaches or in open fields, their until the 1930's, when their thermal and
nests merely scrapes in the earth. The word electrical insulating properties were
"merely" is closest in meaning to which of appreciated and methods for producing
following? continuous filaments were developed. The
(A) often word "appreciated" is closest in meaning to
(B) only which of following?
(C) usually (A) experienced
(D) at first (B) recognized
(C) explored
428. One technique involves first moving (D) increased
quietly toward an approaching animal and then
setting off noisily through the grass or brush in 432. The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic,
a low, crouching run away from the nest, while mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little
emitting rodentlike squeaks. The word evidence in this regard. However, the rocks
"emitting" is closest in meaning to which of themselves do include the earliest evidence for
following? glaciation, probably a global ice age. The word
(A) bringing "scarce" is closest in meaning to which of
(B) attracting following?
(C) producing (A) ancient
(D) minimizing (B) tiny
(C) available
429. The plover's most famous stratagem is the (D) rare
broken --- wing display, actually a continuum
of injury --- mimicking behaviors spanning 433. In 2.3-billion-year-old rocks in Canada
the range from slight disability to near - near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of
complete helplessness. The word "spanning" the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae of
is closest in meaning to which of following? fine-grained sediments that resemble varves,
the annual layers of sediment deposited in

59
 Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

glacial lakes. The word "resemble" is closest in psychological structures that lead to a deep
in meaning to which of following? affectional tie between parent and baby.
(A) result from The phrase "affectional tie" is closest in
(B) penetrate meaning to which of following?
(C) look like (A) cognitive development
(D) replace (B) emotional attachment
(C) psychological need
434. Watching the behaviors diverse animal (D) behavioral change
species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and
Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that 438. Locke strongly suggested that individuals,
promote survival. The word "diverse" is while accepting their Americanism, take pride
closest in meaning to which of following? in their African ancestral arts and urged
(A) small artists to look to Africa for substance and
(B) varied inspiration. The word "urged" is closest in
(C) wild meaning to which of following?
(D) particular (A) prepared
(B) defined
435. The most well-known of these is (C) permitted
imprinting, the early following behavior of (D) encouraged
certain baby birds that ensures that the young
will stay close to their mother and be fed and 439. From this unity created by the
protected from danger. The word "ensures" is convergence of artists from various social
closest in meaning to which of following? and geographical backgrounds came a new
(A) guarantees spirit, which, particularly in densely populated
(B) proves Harlem, was to result in greater group
(C) teaches awareness and self-determination.
(D) assumes The word "convergence" is closest in meaning
to which of following?
436. It refers to a limited time span during (A) gathering
which the child is biologically prepared to (B) promotion
acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs (C) expression
the support of suitably stimulating (D) influence
environment. The word "suitably" is closest
in meaning to which of following? 440. African American graphic artists took
(A) willingly (B) their place beside the poets and writers of the
moderately (C) Harlem Renaissance and carried on efforts to
appropriately (D) increase and promote the visual arts. The
emotionally phrase "carried on" is closest in meaning to
which of following?
437. The development of attachment in human (A) continued
infants is a lengthy process involving changes (B) praised
(C) transformed
(D) connected

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Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

http://tpooo.taobao.com

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Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

Answer Key

155 A 133 D 111 C 089 B 067 A 045 B 023 B 001 A

156 D 134 D 112 A 090 C 068 D 046 D 024 D 002 A

157 C 135 C 113 C 091 A 069 B 047 A 025 B 003 A

158 D 136 B 114 D 092 C 070 A 048 C 026 B 004 D

159 D 137 B 115 B 093 D 071 A 049 A 027 A 005 B

160 D 138 D 116 C 094 D 072 A 050 C 028 A 006 A

161 B 139 B 117 C 095 C 073 A 051 A 029 A 007 C

162 A 140 A 118 B 096 C 074 C 052 A 030 D 008 D

163 C 141 C 119 A 097 C 075 B 053 A 031 D 009 D

164 D 142 C 120 A D 098 D 076 C 054 D 032 B 010 B

165 C 143 B 121 A 099 A 077 A 055 A 033 D 011 B

166 C 144 B 122 A 100 B 078 D 056 D 034 C 012 B

167 B 145 C 123 B 101 A 079 A 057 B 035 B 013 C

168 C 146 D B 124 B 102 D 080 B 058 D 036 B 014 A

169 D 147 A 125 A 103 D 081 B 059 D A 037 C 015 C

170 C 148 D 126 C 104 A 082 C 060 A 038 D 016 A

171 A 149 D 127 D 105 C 083 B 061 D 039 B 017 D

172 D 150 C 128 A 106 D A 084 D 062 A 040 D C 018 D

173 B 151 B 129 B 107 A 085 D 063 B 041 C 019 A

174 A 152 D 130 C 108 A 086 B 064 A 042 D 020 D

175 B 153 A 131 A 109 D 087 C 065 B 043 A 021 C

176 A 154 D 132 D 110 B 088 A 066 A 044 D 022 B

http://tpooo.taobao.com

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Telegram.me/TOEFL_Tricks Tpo Vocabulary

345 B 321 B 297 C 273 B D 249 B 225 C 201 C 177 B

346 A 322 A 298 A 274 D 250 C 226 C 202 C 178 A B

347 B 323 A 299 D 275 A 251 D 227 D 203 A 179 D

348 D 324 A 300 A 276 D 252 B 228 C 204 B 180 A

349 B 325 A 301 C 277 A 253 D 229 C 205 A 181 C

350 B 326 A 302 A 278 B A 254 D 230 A 206 D 182 A

351 B 327 B 303 B 279 D 255 C 231 B 207 C 183 B

352 A 328 C 304 C 280 D 256 A 232 C 208 A 184 B

353 D 329 C 305 A 281 D 257 D 233 C 209 C 185 A

354 A 330 B 306 A 282 C 258 A 234 A 210 A 186 D

355 D 331 C 307 A 283 A 259 C 235 B 211 D 187 B

356 C C 332 A 308 C 284 C 260 D 236 A 212 B 188 D

357 B 333 D D 309 A 285 A 261 A 237 B 213 C 189 A

358 D 334 A 310 D 286 D B 262 C 238 B 214 B 190 D

359 D 335 A 311 C 287 C 263 D 239 D 215 C 191 B

360 A 336 B C 312 A 288 C 264 D 240 C 216 B 192 A

361 B 337 B 313 B 289 D 265 A 241 B 217 C 193 D

362 C 338 C 314 D 290 D 266 C 242 A 218 C 194 A

363 A 339 C 315 D 291 A 267 C 243 B 219 D 195 C

364 C 340 D 316 A 292 D 268 B 244 B 220 D 196 B

365 B 341 B 317 B 293 C 269 D 245 E 221 D 197 B

366 C 342 C 318 B 294 A 270 D 246 D 222 C 198 A

367 D 343 D 319 B 295 D 271 B 247 C 223 D 199 A

368 B 344 A 320 D 296 D 272 D 248 D 224 A 200 C

http://tpooo.taobao.com

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 Tpo Vocabulary

D 432 B 423 D 414 C 405 C 396 D 387 C 378 A 369

C 433 D 424 C 415 D 406 B 397 A 388 A 379 C 370

B 434 B 425 A 416 A 407 D 398 C 389 B 380 D 371

A 435 A 426 B 417 B 408 C 399 A 390 C 381 D 372

C 436 B 427 D 418 C 409 B 400 B 391 C 382 A 373

B 437 C 428 D 419 B 410 A 401 C 392 D 383 B 374

D 438 A 429 A 420 D 411 D 402 B 393 C 384 C 375

A 439 D 430 C 421 A 412 C 403 D 394 B 385 C 376

A 440 B 431 A 422 D 413 B 404 C 395 C 386 D 377

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