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Grammer vs. Grammar

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Reshma Seebaruth
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10/18/2018 dangling modifier

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  Ed Good (/user/25349)  —  Grammar Tips

A dangling (https://www.definitions.net/definition/dangling) modifier is a phrase


(https://www.definitions.net/definition/phrase) or clause (https://www.definitions.net/definition/clause)
that does not hook up to any other (https://www.definitions.net/definition/other) word or phrase
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/phrase) in the sentence. The dangling
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/dangling) modifier is a gross
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/gross) grammatical error, one you want to avoid.

The error (https://www.definitions.net/definition/error) typically arises


(https://www.definitions.net/definition/arises) with adjectival phrases (/adjectival-phrase), especially
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/especially) those that begin
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/begin) sentences. Here's the rule: When you begin
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/begin) a sentence
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/sentence) with an adjective (/adjective), that adjective
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/adjective) must modify
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/modify) the grammatical
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/grammatical) subject (/subject) of the sentence (/sentence). If it
doesn't, it dangles.
https://www.grammar.com/dangling-modifier 1/5
10/18/2018 dangling modifier

When you start (https://www.definitions.net/definition/start) a sentence


(https://www.definitions.net/definition/sentence) with a present-participial phrase (/present-participial-
phrase), that is, an ‑ing verb, the grammatical (https://www.definitions.net/definition/grammatical)
subject must be the agent of that verbal (https://www.definitions.net/definition/verbal) activity. Thus:

Hoping to gain favorable (https://www.definitions.net/definition/favorable) relations with the media, the candidate called
(https://www.definitions.net/definition/called) a press (https://www.definitions.net/definition/press) conference.

When you start (https://www.definitions.net/definition/start) a sentence


(https://www.definitions.net/definition/sentence) with a past-participial phrase (/past-participial-phrase),
that is, an ‑ed verb, the grammatical (https://www.definitions.net/definition/grammatical) subject must
be the recipient of that verbal (https://www.definitions.net/definition/verbal) activity. Thus:

Decided in 1954, the Supreme (https://www.definitions.net/definition/Supreme) Court case desegregated


(https://www.definitions.net/definition/desegregated) public schools.

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