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Fully Content-Based Movie Recommender System With Feature Extraction Using Neural Network

1. The document proposes a Fully Content-based Movie Recommender System (FCMRS) that uses a neural network model to extract feature vectors from movie content information like cast, crew, and genres. This allows the system to calculate similarity between movies and recommend movies based on similarity, even for new movies. 2. An experiment on a massive real-world dataset showed the intuition behind the proposed content-based method was effective. The system addresses the "cold-start" problem of other methods by relying only on movie content as input rather than user data. 3. The document contributes a method that more fully leverages movie content information like directors, actors, genres, and other factors to make recommendations, in
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
180 views6 pages

Fully Content-Based Movie Recommender System With Feature Extraction Using Neural Network

1. The document proposes a Fully Content-based Movie Recommender System (FCMRS) that uses a neural network model to extract feature vectors from movie content information like cast, crew, and genres. This allows the system to calculate similarity between movies and recommend movies based on similarity, even for new movies. 2. An experiment on a massive real-world dataset showed the intuition behind the proposed content-based method was effective. The system addresses the "cold-start" problem of other methods by relying only on movie content as input rather than user data. 3. The document contributes a method that more fully leverages movie content information like directors, actors, genres, and other factors to make recommendations, in
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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