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Fire Protection and Suppression System

The document discusses the specifications and requirements for a nitrogen injection fire protection system for oil-filled transformers. The key points are: 1) The system works by draining oil from the tank to reduce pressure while injecting nitrogen gas to stir the oil and lower its temperature to extinguish fires. 2) The main components include a fire extinguishing cubicle containing nitrogen cylinders, a control box, fire detectors, and associated piping and cabling. 3) The system is designed to operate automatically upon detection of a fire via detectors and other signals, but can also be operated manually via push buttons.

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amrit90320
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187 views

Fire Protection and Suppression System

The document discusses the specifications and requirements for a nitrogen injection fire protection system for oil-filled transformers. The key points are: 1) The system works by draining oil from the tank to reduce pressure while injecting nitrogen gas to stir the oil and lower its temperature to extinguish fires. 2) The main components include a fire extinguishing cubicle containing nitrogen cylinders, a control box, fire detectors, and associated piping and cabling. 3) The system is designed to operate automatically upon detection of a fire via detectors and other signals, but can also be operated manually via push buttons.

Uploaded by

amrit90320
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRE PROTECTION AND SUPPRESSION SYSTEM:-

In terms of CEA (safety regulations), 2010 “transformers of 10 MVA and above


rating or in case of oil filled transformers with oil-capacity of more than 2000
litters are provided with fire fighting system as per IS - 3034: 1993 or with
Nitrogen Injection Fire Protection system”;

In view of above, transformer shall be provided with “Nitrogen Injection Fire


Protection System”. The specifications of “Nitrogen Fire Protection System” are
detailed as below:-

Nitrogen injection fire protection system designed for oil filled transformers
shall prevent tank explosion and the fire during internal faults resulting in an
arc, where tank explosion will normally take few seconds after arc generation
and also extinguish the external oil, fires on transformer top cover due to tank
explosion and/or external failures like, bushing fires, OLTC fires and fire from
surrounding equipments.

The system shall work on the principle of DRAIN AND STIR and on activation: it
shall drain a pre- determined quantity of oil from the tank top through outlet
valve to reduce the tank pressure and inject nitrogen gas at high pressure from
the lower side of the tank through inlet valves to create stirring action and
reduce the temperature of top oil surface below flash point to extinguish the fire.
Conservator tank oil shall be isolated during bushing bursting, tank explosion
and oil fire to prevent aggravation of fire.

Transformer isolation shall be an essential pre-condition for activating the


system. The system shall be designed to operate automatically. However it shall
be designed for manual operation, in case of failure of power supply.

The system shall consist of following equipments:


1. Fire extinguishing cubicle placed on a plinth at about 5-10 meter away from
the transformer.
2. Control box placed in the control room.
3. Pre- stressed non return valve in the conservator pipe .
4. Required number of fire detectors on the tank top cover.
5. Signal box fitted on the tank top or tank side wall

OPERATIONAL CONTROLS
The system shall be provided with automatic control for fire prevention and fire
extinction. Besides automatic control remote electrical push button control on
control box and local manual control in the fire extinguishing cubicle shall be
provided. Spare interlocks are to be provided for ensuring that it should not be
possible to close HV or LV circuit breakers to energize the transformer after the
activation of the fire prevention and, fire extinction system.
SYSTEM ACTIVATING SIGNALS
Transformer isolation shall be an essential pre-condition for activating the
system. Transformer isolation through Master trip relay or circuit breaker (HV
and LV side in series) has to be incorporated. Besides, two electrical signals to be
provided in series, for activating the system as under:
For Prevention:
: Differential relay,
: Buchholz relay paralleled with pressure relief valve
For Extinction:
: Fire detector.
: Buchholz relay paralleled with pressure relief valve

SYSTEM EQUIPMENTS
A. Fire Extinguishing Cubicles (FEC), placed on plinth at about minimum 5 meter
away from the transformer shall consist of:
1 Nitrogen Gas cylinder with regulator and failing pressure electrical contact
manometer.

2 Oil drain pipe with mechanical quick drain valve.

3 Electro mechanical control equipments for oil drain and pre


determined regulated nitrogen release.

4 Pressure monitoring switch for backup protection for nitrogen


release.

5 Limit switches for monitoring of the system.

6 Flanges on top panel for connecting oil drain and nitrogen


injection pipes for transformer.

7 Panel lighting

8 Oil drain pipe extension of suitable sizes for connecting pipes to


oil pit.

B. Control box with activating, monitoring devices and line faults indicators. (To
be placed in control room). It should have audio visual alarm indication and push
button switches.

C. Pre-stressed non return valve (PNRV) to be fitted in the conservator pipe line,
between conservator and buccholz relay operating mechanically on transformer
oil flow rate with electrical signals for monitoring.

D. Fire detectors to be fixed on transformer tank up cover and On Load tap


Changer for sensing fire.

E. Signal box to be fixed on transformer side wall for terminating cable


connections from fire detectors and PNRV
F. All other consumables necessary for complete system.

OTHER REQUIREMENTS FOR SYSTEM INSTALLATIONS


A Oil drain and Nitrogen openings with gate valves on transformer tank at
suitable locations.
B. Flanges with dummy pipes in conservator pipe between Buccholz relay
and conservator tank for fixing PNRV.
C. Fire detector brackets on transformer top cover.
D. Spare potential free contacts for system activating signals i.e
differential relay, buccholz relay, pressure relief valve, transformer
isolation (master trip relay).
E. Pipe connections between transformer to fire extinguishing cubicles
and fire extinguishing cubicle to oil pit.
F. Cabling on transformer top cover all fire detector to be connected in
parallel and inter cabling between signal box to control box and control
box to fire extinguishing cubicle.
G. Plinth for fire extinguishing cubicle. Oil pit with suitable capacity.

CABLING

Fire survival cables, able to withstand 750 deg celcius, 4 core * 1.5 mm sq for
connection of fire detector in parallel shall be used. The test certificates for the
cables shall be submitted.

Fire retardant low smoke (FRLS) cable 12 core * 1.5 mm sq. for connection
between transformer signal box/marshalling kiosks box to control box and
control box to fire extinguishing cubicle shall be used.

Fire retardant low smoke (FRLS) cable 4 core * 1.5 mm sq. for connection
between control box to DC supply source and fire extinguishing cubicle to
AC supply source, signal box/marshalling box to pre-stressed non return valve
connection on transformer shall be used.

TESTS

TYPE TEST
Type Test reports including that for detectors along with declared response time
shall be submitted within the tender.
The system shall be tested by reputed international testing body or a national
testing body (BIS) recognized laboratory). TAC approval, if any, shall be
submitted with the tender.

FACTORY TEST
Tests will be carried out on individual equipment of the system and the total
system in the supplier’s workshop in presence of purchaser’s representatives.
PERFORMANCE TEST
Performance test of the complete system shall be carried out after complete
erection at site by the supplier’s representatives. These tests shall include
simulation and verification of the response of the complete system without
actual draining of the oil and injection of the nitrogen gas.
In addition to above, additional tests as required necessary shall be conducted.

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