Programmand Abstrcts
Programmand Abstrcts
XIII CLACSA
CLACSA XIII
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We have chosen with special care our invited speakers, so that their talks mo-
tivate us to establish new interdisciplinary projects and make of this meeting the
opportunity of sharing scientific results.
We wish that the conclusions of this 13 th version of CLACSA, the second time
in Colombia, bring to our countries a new opportunity of integration for the devel-
opment of the Latin American Technology.
Finally, let me say few words about the host institutions in Colombia: Two very
prestigious Colombian universities have joint efforts to support the CLACSA XIII.
They are Universidad Nacional de Colombia 140 years old, a public university with
the oldest scientific tradition and the largest number of research groups in Colombia
and Universidad de los Andes, a private university, which starts to celebrate its 60
anniversary. This institution is showing through the graduates enormous success in
all activities of the national life. Concerning science and technology it is the private
university with the highest percentage of research groups and publications. For the
organizers it is a pleasure that CLACSA XIII joints to these celebrations and warm
congratulate the Universidad de los Andes.
Other sponsors of this meeting are: Universidad del Magdalena at Santa Marta,
which is the host regional institution of CLACSA XIII and thus offers us the logistic
and evenings entertainment, Universidad del Valle at Cali, Academia Colombiana
de Ciencias Exactas, Fı́sicas y Naturales, Fundación para la Promoción de la Cien-
cia y la Tecnologı́a del Banco de la República, Kemtek de Colombia, Panalytical-
Neta Ingeniera, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolı́var at
Cartagena and internacional agencies like ICTP, CLAF, EPS-IGPD and Institute
of Physics Publishing (IOP) at Latinoamerica.
Organizing Committee
Chair
Angela Stella Camacho B.
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Local Committee
Chairwoman Angela S. Camacho B
Secretary Rafael R. Rey G.
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Every abstract has two codes: the first (on the left) indicates the room (0: El
Kiosko, 1: Gran Salón or 2: Salón Masinga) and the hour. The second one (to the
right) indicates the type of presentation: Plenary (Pl), Invited talk (In), Oral report
(OR) or a Poster (P) and next two letters identify the day: Monday (Mo), Tuesday
(Tu) Wednesday (We), Thursday (Th) and Friday (Fr).
Duration of talks
Plenary talks 50 minutes plus 10 minutes for questions/discussion
Invited talks 25 minutes plus 5 minutes for questions/discussion
Oral reports 15 minutes plus 5 minutes for questions/discussion
Audio-visual facilities
A video beam projector and a computer will be available for use in every room.
Speakers intending to use PowerPoint will have their presentation loaded before the
presentation. For this purpose they should bring a copy of their presentation on
CD (Transfer from the hard drive of a laptop is discourage). Please use Microsoft
Office 2003 to prepare your PowerPoint presentations. Also, Acrobat Reader 6 will
be available.
Poster presentations
The poster sessions will last 1 hour and 40 minutes. A board size 0.90 metres
wide by 1.20 metres high will be available for each poster. Materials for fixing the
poster to the board will be provided at the conference.
Each presenter is responsible for ensuring that their poster is displayed in the
correct session on the board allocated, as specified in the conference programme.
Poster can be displayed before poster session on the appropriate day of it, and must
be removed by 20:00 on the same day. Although the organizers will endeavor to save
your poster materials, no guarantee can be made for posters not removed at the
correct time.
Congress Proceedings
Accepted papers will be published in a special number of Microelectronics Jour-
nal. Plenary papers must be no longer than 4 pages and the other contributed paper
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Social programme
Sunday - December 2
Welcome drink at 7:00 p.m. - 8:00 p.m.
Monday - December 3
Folk music at 8:00 p.m.(La Gran Piscina)
Tuesday - December 4
Round Table at 8:30 p.m. - 10:00 p.m. Nanotechnology in Latin-America. (Salón
Masinga)
Popular music at 10:00 p.m.,-Grupo Vallenato- (Beach)
Wednesday - December 5
Free afternoon. There are some interesting excursions organized by Hotel tourist
agency.
Meeting of Latin-American Society of Surface Science at 8:30 p.m. - 10:00 p.m.
Thursday - December 6
Conference Dinner and Tropical music at the beach. The participants will be
informed about details during the Congress.
Friday - December 7
Clossing session at 12:30 p.m.
CLACSA XIII
Program
CLACSA XIII
16:00 / 17:00 E. Baggio Saitovitch R. H. Buitrago W. Macedo 16:00 / 17:00
Nanotechnology
Meeting SLCS Dinner
Round table
20:30 / 22:00 20:00 / 22:00
20:30 / 22:00
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CLACSA XIII
CONTENTS
Monday Dec - 03 1
Plenary
Decoherence in the Quantum Transport Regime: Dynamical and Steady
State aspects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Invited Talks
Tunneling spectroscopy: a probe for high tc superconductivity. . . . . 2
Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon-Nanoscale Materials. . . . 2
Non-Markovian damping of Rabi oscillations in semiconductor quan-
tum dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Impurities in quantum corrals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Oral reports
Synthesis and characterization of boron nitride nanoparticles and
nanofibers by chemical vapor deposition . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Temperature Dependence Of The Magnetic Behavior Of N i0.5 Zn0.5 F e2 O4
Thin Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Plenary
Nanoparticles, clusters and multilayers: from preparation to physical
characterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Oral reports
Growth and morphology of ultra-thin Ni films on Pd(100) . . . . . . 7
Influence of the surface diffusion on the growth of III-V free-standing
nanowires by molecular beam epitaxy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Molybdenum Trioxide Crystalline Nanostructures Grown by Conden-
sation in a Carrier Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Methane oxidation to formaldehyde with iron catalysts supported on
silica and titania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Surface changes induced by UV illumination on nanocrystalline TiO2
(anatase) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Spectroscopic evidence of CdS nanoparticle size reduction to a magic
number of atoms by surfactant adsorption . . . . . . . . . . . 11
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Tuesday Dec - 04 16
Plenary
Optical Properties of Free and Embedded Small Nanoparticles: When
Size Does Not Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Invited talks
Hydrothermal preparation of thin films and nanostructures of metal
oxides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Direct ARPES on In-Situ Grown (Strained) High-Tc Thin Films . . 17
Oral reports
Magnetic field effects on the dissipative dynamics in semiconductor
microcavity systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Optical properties of InN nanocolumns at different stages of their
growth by molecular . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Study of Optical Transition in Spherical GaSb-Ga1-x Inx Asy Sb1-y
Quantum Dots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
HOPG full atomic structure: a first-principles calculation and scan-
ning tunneling microscopy study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Evidence of Magnetoelectric Coupling in T bM nO3 compounds . . . . 22
Possible quantum interference effects in high quality SrRuO3 epitax-
ial thin films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SUPER CRYSTALS . . . . . . . . . . 23
Adsorption of ruthenium atoms on the (0001) GaN surface as prelim-
inary study of Schottky contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Transport through a quantum wire side coupled to a quantum ring
with Rashba spin-orbit interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Characterization by HRTEM, Raman Spectroscopy and XRD of monocrys-
talline sodium hexatitanate nanorods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Control of the position of self-assembled InAs quantum dots by anodic
oxidation nanolithography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
QUANTUM MONTE CARLO CALCULATIONS OF THE BIND-
ING ENERGY OF WANNIER EXCITONS BOUND TO DONOR
IMPURITIES IN GaAs/Alx Ga1-xAs QUANTUM WELLS . 26
Plenary
Electrical transport in hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin films 28
Invited talks
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CLACSA XIII
Monday 1
Plenary
1 09:40 Pl-Mo-1
Nanoelectronics does not only involves reducing the size of a device. It also en-
tails exploiting the non-classical behaviors of carriers to fully exploit its quantum
nature, mainly of effects based on quantum interference, much alike a Fabry-Perot
device. However, interaction with the environment tends to degrade these interfer-
ences [1]. One should be able to asses which of those many phenomena can survive
the interaction with an environment [2]. Even more, there are some cases one can
force the system to interact so strongly with the environment, e.g. phonons, that
novel phenomena arises. This is the case of the SASER, a coherent ultrasound emit-
ter [3]. In this tutorial lecture, I will discuss the basis ingredients used to represent
these phenomena, not only in the steady state transport regime but also in the
time domain but also with its usually unexploited and counterintuitive dynamical
properties [4, 5, 6].
1)- Classical and Quantum Transport from Generalized Landauer-Bttiker Equa-
tions II: Time dependent tunneling. H.M. Pastawski Phys. Rev. B 46 4053 (1992)
2)- Antirresonances as precursors of decoherence. L.E.F. Foa Torres, H. M. Pastaws-
ki and E. Medina, Europhys.Lett. 73 1 (2006)
3)-An ultrasound emitter based on assisted tunneling. L. E. F. Foa Torres, H. M.
Pastawski and S. S. Makler, S. St. Comm.124 363 (2002)
4)-Quantum dynamical phase transition in a system with many-body interactions.
E. P. Danieli, G. A. Álvarez, P. R. Levstein and H. M. Pastawski Sol. St. Comm.141,
422 (2007)
5)- Towards a time reversal mirror for quantum systems. H. M. Pastawski, E. P.
Danieli, H. L. Calvo and L. E. F. FoTorres, Europhys. Lett. 77, 400001 (2007)
6)- Non-Markovian decay beyond the Fermi Golden Rule: Survival Collapse of the
polarization in spin chains. E. Rufeil Fiori and H. M. Pastawski, Chem. Phys. Lett.,
420, 35 (2006)
CLACSA XIII
2 Monday
Invited Talks
1 11:10 In-Mo-1
After the pioneering work of Giaever and Shapiro in 1960’s tunnelling spec-
troscopy has become a succesful method for studying different properties of super-
conductors, like the superconducting gap and the density of states. There is a variety
of tunneling proceses taking place in a superconducting interface, depending on the
properties of the barrier and the type of materials in both sides of the junction
(normal metal, low Tc superconductor or high Tc superconductor). Among oth-
er phenomena we have single electron tunneling (Giaever tunneling), cooper pairs
tunneling (Josephson tunneling) and Andreev reflections (mixed tunneling). In high
Tc superconductors these phenomena is enriched by the anisotropy of the energy
gap, which adds new features like the so-called ”bounded Andreev states”. These
peculiarities add to this technique the capabilityof studying the symmetry of the
superconducting gap and the (normal state) pseudogap. In this talkI will present a
brief review of the tunneling spectroscopy technique inhigh Tc superconductors and
some results about the symmetry of the superconducting gap and indications of a
quantum phase transition.
2 11:10 In-Mo-2
CLACSA XIII
Monday 3
The actual spectral response show several subtle differences among the different
types of carbon nanostructures, particularly close to the Fermi level. This informa-
tion is indeed, relevant for the understanding of the optical response and chemical
behavior of physical nanotubes samples.
1 11:40 In-Mo-3
CLACSA XIII
4 Monday
2 11:40 In-Mo-4
Due to their focalizing properties, elliptic quantum corrals present very interest-
ing physical behaviours. In this work we analyze static and dynamical properties
of these systems. Results are presented for realistic values of the parameters which
might be useful for comparison with experiments. We study non-interacting cor-
rals and their response to several kinds of external perturbations, observing that,
for realistic values of the Fermi level, the dynamics involves only a few number of
excited states making the system quite robust with respect to possible sources of
decoherence. We also study the system in the presence of two S = 1/2 impurities
located at its foci which interact with the electrons of the ellipse via a superexchange
interaction J. This system is diagonalized numerically and properties such as the
spin gap and spin-spin static and dynamical correlations are studied. We find that,
for small J, both spins are locked in a singlet or triplet state, for even or odd filling
respectively, and its spin dynamics consists mainly of a single peak above the spin
gap. In this limit we can define an effective Heisenberg Hamiltonian to describe the
low-energy properties. For larger J, more states are involved and the localized spins
decorrelate, in a similar manner as the RKKY-Kondo transition for the two-impurity
problem.
CLACSA XIII
Monday 5
Oral reports
1 12:10 OR-Mo-01
2 12:10 OR-Mo-01
Thin films of N i0.5 Zn0.5 F e2 O4 were grown on (100) MgO substrates at different
deposition temperatures. The films were deposited by the RF sputtering technique at
2.1×10−1 mbar oxygen pressure. The structure of the sintered NiZn ferrite films was
evaluated using XRD, showing variations in the intensity of some peaks, probably
because the deposition temperature influences the evaporation of Zn. The magnetic
properties of the NiZn ferrite films were probed using a superconducting quantum
interference device (SQUID). It was used to measure magnetization hysteretic loops
and M(T) curve of the films. The influence of the deposition temperature on the
grain size of NiZn ferrite films was analyzed using atomic force microscopy. An
increment in the coercive field and a reduction in the saturation magnetization with
the deposition temperature were observed. Behavior can be correlated with magnetic
force microscope images.
Key words: Ferrimagnetics, ferrite thin films, atomic and magnetic force microscope.
Acknowledgments: This work is supported in part by COLCIENCIAS, the through
project of investigation 1106-05-17612, CT-239-2005, and the Excellence Center for
Novel Materials, ECNM. We thank Dr. Julio Guimpel of the Balseiro institute,
Nuclear Center of Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
Email address: [email protected]
CLACSA XIII
6 Monday
Plenary
1 16:00 Pl-Mo-2
We have been dealing, in the recent years, with the magnetic and structural
characterization of Fe nanoparticles formed by precipitation of small Fe fraction co-
deposited with Ag and Cd, using mainly Msbauer spectroscopy, squid magnetom-
etry and resistivity measurements. These samples have been prepared by thermal
evaporation using a special cryostat that allows in situ measurements. The magnetic
moment of the Fe particles indicates that we are dealing with small clusters.
More recently we use a cluster source for deposition at low temperature of 4-5
nm Co clusters embedded in gas or metallic matrix. This set-up allows in situ TMR,
GMR and IxV measurements. We are going to report the results of Co clusters em-
bedded in Pb films, at different concentrations, focusing in the variation of Tc with
Co clusters concentration and applied magnetic field. Moreover the IxV curves re-
vealed vortex phase transition for this special kind of ferromagnetic superconductor
nanostructure system.
We will describe the characterization of magnetic multilayers focusing in proper-
ties related with interfaces (GMR, exchange bias and spin valve effects). Investiga-
tions of these spin-dependent phenomena, for samples grown by sputtering evapora-
tion is based in GMR, magnetization and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XM-
CD) performed at the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (LNLS) of Brazil.
Finally films formed with the combination of oxides layers from different transition
metals will be addressed.
CLACSA XIII
Monday 7
Oral reports
1 17:00 OR-Mo-02
CLACSA XIII
8 Monday
2 17:00 OR-Mo-02
1 17:20 OR-Mo-03
The present work reports the morphology of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3 ) nanos-
tructures synthesized by means of the inert gas condensation (IGC) method.
MoO3 is a promissory material because of its wide spectrum of potential appli-
cations in electronic display systems, solid state micro batteries, gas sensors and
catalysis. The latter requires small particles, a large specific area or both. One way
to synthesize MoO3 nanostructures is through the IGC method. This method con-
sists of evaporating the material from a resistive source at a pressure around 100 Pa
in a non-reactive carrier gas. Under this pressure the mean free path in the gas is
in the submillimeter range, the collisions with molecules of the carrier gas dominate
CLACSA XIII
Monday 9
and the transport is not ballistic but diffusive or convective. Therefore the atoms
or molecules of the evaporated material collide with the molecules of the carrier
gas. Collisions among the material lead to homogeneous nucleation and growth of
nanoparticles, which can be collected onto a cold surface. The size of the nanopar-
ticles depends on the material and increases with the evaporation rate (determined
by the temperature of the source), the temperature of the collected surface and the
pressure of the carrier gas and its molecular mass; lighter gases produce smaller
particles.
In this research MoO3 was evaporated in a vacuum chamber from a tungsten
resistive source in the presence of helium or hydrogen as carrier gas at pressures
from 100 to 1200 Pa and source temperatures in the range from 550 to 1230 o C.
MoO3 crystalline samples were obtained when its vapour pressure during the
synthesis was low, which happened at source temperatures below 750 o C. At this
temperature the vapor pressure of MoO3 is well below the pressure of the carrier
gas. Nanoribbons, nanobelts, nanoneedles and nanoparticles of diverse morpholo-
gies with size between 10 and 200 nm were observed under TEM. They coexist
with nanofibers with thicknesses of the order of 5 nm. According to the Clausisus
Clappeyron equation the MoO3 equilibrium partial pressure at 750 o C temperature
is around 200 Pa, the same order of the pressure of the carrier gas. On the oth-
er hand, at high MoO3 vapour pressures, when the source temperature range was
from 750 to 1000 o C, then a mixture of nanoporous structures as well as crystalline
nanostructures was obtained.
2 17:20 OR-Mo-03
Iron materials supported on silica were prepared by the method sol-gel for to
evaluate the catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of methane to formalde-
hyde. We prepare four (4) catalysts, one of them corresponding to the silica support
(catalyst 1S), other one for the titania support (catalyst 1T) and two more with iron
loads of 0.5 % in weight, for the supported on silica (catalyst 2FS) and the other one
supported on titania (catalyst 2FT). The higher areas BET are of the order of 659
and 850 m2/g for the catalysts 1S and 2FS, respectively while the catalysts 1T and
2FT displayed areas of 65 and 54 m2/g respectively. The scanning and transmission
electronic microscopy displayed amorphous structure in the silica supported mate-
rials while the titania supported materials displayed dense materials with defined
structure. The rays X diffraction confirms the amorphous structure of the silica in
CLACSA XIII
10 Monday
the 1S and 2FS catalysts and displayed the anatase structure for the 1T and 2FT
catalysts. The programmed temperature reduction for the 1S and 2FS catalysts did-
nt display reducible species while for the 1T and 2FT catalysts displayed peaks of
hydrogen consumption related to the Fe3O4 reduction until a-Fe through FexO way.
The rays X photo electronic spectroscopy confirm the Fe(III) specie with binding
energy 710.6 e.V for the both 2FS and 2FT catalysts. The catalytic activity is car-
ried out to atmospheric pressure in quartz reactor, reaction mixture CH4/O2/N2
=7.5/1/4, interval of temperature 400-800C. The reaction products are analysed
by gases chromatography with Hayesep R and T columns and molecular tamis of
5 The best response for the methane selective oxidation to formaldehyde is dis-
played for 2FS catalyst with methane conversion percentage of 3.4 mol % at 650C,
formaldehyde selectivity of 11.9 %mol and yield of 0.0211 g HCHO/Kg catalyst.
Keywords: Catalysts Fe/SiO2; catalysts Fe/TiO2; formaldehyde; selective oxida-
tion; sol-gel.
1 18:10 OR-Mo-04
It is well known that the isoelectric point (IEP) of a catalyst plays an important
role in heterogeneous catalysis. It is related to the strength of the electrostatic inter-
action between the solid surface and the substrate (i.e. adsorption of at least one of
the reactants). In heterogeneous photocatalysis, it is also important to keep in mind
that when a semiconductor photocatalysts is illuminated with photons whose energy
is equal to or greater than their band-gap energy additional charges are generated
(i.e. creation of electron-hole pairs: free electrons in the conduction band and pho-
toholes in the valence band). In this work, different samples of TiO2 were prepared
by a sol-gel method using titanium n-butoxide as alkoxide precursor in aqueous
acid medium (pH = 2, HNO3) and n-butanol as solvent. Molar ratio water/alkoxide
was varied from 4 to 16 to obtain particles with different surface properties. X-ray
powder diffraction patterns showed that only the anatase phase is present in all
samples. The particle size of the samples obtained by dynamic light scattering was
at the nanometer scale. The IEP of materials was estimated by electrophoretic mea-
surements of zeta potential at different pH values, in the absence and presence of
UV light. The results show that in the absence of UV light, IEP depends on the
CLACSA XIII
Monday 11
molar ratio water/alkoxide. However, in the presence of UV-light, IEP was the same
for all materials. This result shows clearly that TiO2 surface speciation is strongly
affected by the generation of electron-hole pairs.
We acknowledge the partial financial supports of UIS (DIEF Ciencias, Project
5125), COLCIENCIAS, UAM-I and CONACYT, as well as the doctoral scholarship
given by COLCIENCIAS to J.A. Pedraza-Avella in 2003.
2 18:10 OR-Mo-04
CLACSA XIII
12 Monday
1 18:30 OR-Mo-05
In last decades, the production of advanced ceramics of perovskite type has incre-
mented dramatically, due to the enormous possibilities of crystallographic structures,
which yield diverse electrical, magnetic, optical, mechanical and thermoelectric prop-
erties. On the other hand, the specific advantages of nanocrystalline materials such
as superior phase homogeneity, sinterability, and microstructure that lead to unique
physical and catalytic properties demand the development of new methods of per-
ovskite compounds preparation. In this work we report the production of barium
iron zirconate (Ba2 FeZrO6−δ ), a complex perovskite oxide by two different methods:
solid state reaction, which leads to bulk samples, and a novel production method
of nanosized powders, involving combustion synthesis from mixture of nitrates and
fuel. The morphological properties of the nanopowders were studied by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) and BET surface area determination, which confirm
a crystallite typical size of 150 nm. The sintered samples were characterized by
X-ray powder diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Resistivity measure-
ments were carried out on the bulk samples, besides of structural and morphological
characterization. The crystal structure of compound at room temperature was de-
termined as cubic, with lattice parameter a= 8, 310Å. The results of both types of
samples were complemented, showing that the formation process of the perovskite
requires the material to undergo transformations passing through different stages
before reaching a unique phase character. Magnetic AC susceptibility and DC mag-
netization measurements reveal a paramagnetic behavior. Magnetic parameters were
obtained from the charateristic Curie-Weiss fitting of the experimental data. Impli-
cations of these results are widely discussed, the advantages of each type of sample
are pointed, and possible applications of the new perovskite are proposed.
Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the colombian agency Colcien-
cias, on the project No. 1101-333-18707, and brazilian CNPq.
CLACSA XIII
Monday 13
2 18:30 OR-Mo-05
In this work we present a study of the optical, electrical, electronic and struc-
tural properties of Boron doped hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon thin films
[µc-Si:H (B)]. The films were deposited in a RF plasma reactor using as reactive
gas a mixture of silane and diborane highly diluted both in hydrogen. The Boron
concentration in the reactive gas was modified from 0 to 100 ppm. The addition
of Boron to the silicon films not only move the Fermi energy level to the center
of the gap, but induce changes in all the physical properties as well. The Boron
effect on structural and morphological properties was study by X-ray diffraction
and Applied Force Microscopy (AFM), the rugosity and grain size increased with
the Boron concentration. The absorption coefficient measured by the Constant Pho-
tocurrent Method (CPM) at low photon energies also showed an increased which
can be explained and correlated with an increase in the Density of State (DOS) in
the gap, due to the Borons bondings. At high temperatures (T > 300K) the control-
ling transport mechanism is thermal activated, the curves conductivity log versus
the inverse of temperature give strait lines. The activation energy, measured from
de valence band, decrease with Boron concentration as expected passing through a
maximum, corresponding this point to the position of Fermi energy of an intrinsic
film. At low temperatures (T < 300K) the predominant transport mechanism was
variable range hopping (VRH). The behavior of the charge hopping under different
electrical fields was followed, results showed that the conductivity remain constant
in a VRH regime only for a narrow range of electrical field.
CLACSA XIII
14 Monday
1 18:50 OR-Mo-06
CLACSA XIII
Monday 15
2 18:50 OR-Mo-06
This work shows the results of the characterization and biomedical evaluation
of niobium oxides (NbOx) thin films deposited using an unbalanced magnetron
sputtering. Thin films of NbOx were grown under different deposition conditions
(O2 flow rate and pressure) and were characterized to obtain growth rates, micro-
structure, surface morphology, optical properties and hardness. The results indicated
that the films were amorphous under any of the conditions used. The corrosion
resistance of the coatings was improved compared to the stainless steel substrate
as demonstrated by the greater polarization resistance and minor corrosion current
density. The corrosion resistance was used as a parameter to determine and select
the optimum deposition conditions to produce films for the biomedical evaluation. A
large number of these NbOx films, with minor corrosion density, were deposited and
the response of human cells to these surfaces were evaluated in comparison to NbN
films, AISI 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V. Cellular adhesion and proliferation
assays showed that the NbOx films were biocompatible to human cells. Moreover,
the biomineralization was evaluated studying the formation of CaP minerals on the
surfaces.
CLACSA XIII
16 Tuesday
Plenary
1 08:30 Pl-Tu-3
The optical response of small particles as a function of their size, shape and
surrounding environment has a long story, dating back to Maxwell. Since those
early days, it has been well known that materials under conditions of reduced di-
mensionality tend to conserve their bulk dielectric properties, modulated by their
shape and size. However, the regime where the intrinsic quantum properties of the
nanoparticles become manifest is still not well understood. In this talk, I will report
first-principles calculations within time-(in)dependent density functional theory on
the optical properties of Ag, Si and Ge nanoparticles ( tens of atoms) embedded
in a g-Al2O3 matrix and in vacuum. We find that these small nanoparticles, whose
atoms positions are not bulk-like, show a bulk dielectric response when embedded in
the g-Al2O3 matrix, while only the Si nanoparticles show a bulk dielectric response
in vacuum. This dielectric response of the embedded nanoparticles is similar to the
one obtained by the classical effective medium theory with a renormalization of the
volume fraction between the nanoparticles and the host material. Our calculations
support the notion that bulk-like dielectric properties will be present on semiconduc-
tors and metallic materials independent of their size as long as they are surrounded
with the correct electronic environment.
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 17
Invited talks
1 09:30 In-Tu-5
Hydrothermal preparation of thin films and nanostructures
of metal oxides
V. Fuenzalida1
1
Universidad de Chile.
2 09:30 In-Tu-6
Since 1997 we perform systematic direct ARPES studies on in-situ grown (strained)
thin high-Tc cuprate films. Following a brief review on the structural character-
ization and on growing parameters optimization, we present our main results on
compressive and tensile strained films. Brand new ARPES results on ultrathin La-
214 films under in-plane tensile strain showing 3D band dispersion and wavevector
quantization will be discussed.
Some related references:
1. ”Structural properties of strained YBa2Cu3O6+x superconducting films grown by
pulsed laser deposition”; D. Ariosa, M. Abrecht, D. Pavuna and M. Onellion ; in Proc. of
SPIE (Bellingham) Vol. 4058, 129-140, (2000).
2. ”Structural Phase Transition in Early Growth of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x Films on SrTiO3
Substrates”; Abrecht M, Ariosa D, Onellion M, Margaritondo G, Pavuna D; Journal of
Applied Physics 91 (3): 1187-1190 (2002).
3. ”Strain and high temperature superconductivity: Unexpected results from direct elec-
tronic structure measurements in thin films; Abrecht M, Ariosa D, Cloetta D, Mitrovic S,
Onellion M, Xi XX, Margaritondo G, Pavuna D; Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (5), 057002 AUG 1
CLACSA XIII
18 Tuesday
(2003).
4. ”Three-dimensional dispersion induced by extreme tensile strain in La2-xSrxCuO4
films”; D. Cloetta, D. Ariosa, C. Cancellieri, M. Abrecht, S. Mitrovic and D. Pavuna;
Phys. Rev. B 74, 014519 (2006).
5. ”Self-ordering of random intercalates in thin films of cuprate superconductors”; D. Ar-
iosa, C. Cancellieri, P. H. Lin, D. Pavuna; Phys. Rev B 75, 184505 (2007)
6. ”Dopant rearrangement and superconductivity in Bi Sr La Cu O thin films Under an-
nealing”; C. Cancellieri, P. H. Lin, D. Ariosa,. D. Pavuna, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19
(2007) 246214 (8pp).
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 19
Oral reports
1 10:00 OR-Tu-07
In the last years there is a strong interest in the exciton polariton condensate in
semiconductor microcavity systems. In a previous work (PRL 97, 167405(2007)), we
have shown that photon emission can be a source of coherence of polaritons. In this
work we extend the model and study the effects of a homogeneous magnetic field,
parallel to micropillar axis, on the dissipative dynamics of a multilevel quantum dot
interacting with a single confined photon mode. An exact diagonalization scheme
in an exciton-photon coupled basis is used to numerically solve the master equation
with incoherent exciton pumping, coherent and incoherent photon losses terms.
2 10:00 OR-Tu-07
InN is attracting much attention due to its recently reestablished ∼0.67 eV band
gap energy at low temperatures. Furthermore, the possibility of obtaining vertically
aligned high quality columnar nanostructures by MBE under nitrogen-rich condi-
tions adds to this material the advantages of bottom-up developments. The density
and morphology of the InN nanocolumns have a strong dependence on the substrate
temperature, changing dramatically with a variation as small as 25◦ C.
Two sets of samples of InN nanocolumns, grown on Si(111) by molecular beam epi-
taxy under the same In-BEP and nitrogen flux conditions but different substrate
temperatures of 475◦ C and 500◦ C, have been optically characterized in this work.
Each set consists of 5 samples with different growth times varying from 15 to 300
minutes. At the longest growth time, the lengths and diameters of the nanocolumns
are typically around 500 nm and 90 nm respectively.
Raman spectra show well defined narrow peaks indicating that in general, all sam-
ples have a very good crystalline quality. Their frequency position reveals that
nanocolumns are strain-free even in the earlier stages of the growth. On the other
hand, photoluminescence (PL) spectra of all samples consist of a broad single peak
centred at energies ranging from 0.69 eV to 0.74 eV. The fact that all these peaks
CLACSA XIII
20 Tuesday
appear above the band gap energy reported for InN has been attributed to the pres-
ence of a high density of defect-induced free electrons.
The PL spectra for the 475◦ C set of samples show a red-shift of the central energy
and a narrowing of the peak with increasing growth time. Both effects can be in-
terpreted as an improvement of the material quality that reduces the defect density
and thus the conduction band filling. On the contrary, the evolution of the samples
grown at 500◦ C shows a blue-shift of the emission for longer growth times.
The present results reveal that there are different mechanisms competing in the for-
mation and the optical response of InN nanocolumns. In the earlier stages of the
nanocolumn growth, the existence of misfit defects decreases the emission efficiency
of the nanocolumns. Higher substrate temperatures can reduce the density of such
defects. However, in later stages, a higher thermal energy favours the appearance of
defects induced by disorder.
1 10:20 OR-Tu-08
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 21
2 10:20 OR-Tu-08
Despite that for several years the HOPG (highly oriented pyrolitic graphite)
(0001) surface has been theoretical and experimentally studied using scanning tun-
neling microscopy, there exists some important issues those are not yet well un-
derstood as (1) what conditions are needed in order to imaged the whole hexagonal
structure? And (2) which model should be used in order to interpret such structural-
electronic effect features? The widely accepted model for HOPG STM image for-
mation predicts that only atom on β-type sites are visible due to a higher local
density of states as a consequence of asymmetry in the interlayer interaction. Here
we show using first-principles calculations and STM experiments (at constant-height
mode), that the HOPG (0001) surface charge density differ substantially from this
accepted model depending on the tip-surface distance. The full hexagonal and (the
often called) triangular structures are predicted (theoretically) and obtained (ex-
perimentally). The image formation mechanism and features are discussed based on
the present calculations.
CLACSA XIII
22 Tuesday
1 11:10 OR-Tu-09
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 23
2 11:10 OR-Tu-09
1 11:30 OR-Tu-10
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24 Tuesday
tight binding matrix elements with the momentum matrix elements taking the k-
space gradient of the Hamiltonian for calculating the electric dipole moments and
the oscillator strengths of super crystals made of spherical, cylindrical and conical
quantum dots. We deal with the role played by the geometry of the single dots as
well as on the crystal structure.
2 11:30 OR-Tu-10
In this work, we studied the adsorption of Ru atoms on the surface (0001) of the
GaN, in hexagonal geometry 2X2. The calculations were carried-out with the Density
Functional Theory and Molecular Dynamics such as implemented in the Quantum-
ESPRESSO package. One slab with five layers of hexagonal GaN were considered
and about 15 of vacuum space separates the slabs. In the calculation a pseudopoten-
tial which includes Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation potential
was used. First the clean surface was relaxed. After that, one atom of Ru was placed
at the special points T4, H3 and T1. We compare the total energy of relaxation in
such three special places. We have found the most stable configuration and addi-
tionally, we have calculated the height of the barrier of potential for lateral diffusion
of Ru atoms. This work is motivated because Ruthenium (Ru) and ruthenium/gold
(Ru/Au) Schottky contacts on n-type GaN were investigated recently.
Keywords: DFT, adatoms Ru, surface GaN.
1 11:50 OR-Tu-11
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 25
2 11:50 OR-Tu-11
1 12:10 OR-Tu-12
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26 Tuesday
between photons and matter. They are also promising structures for the fabrication
of low threshold lasers, efficient light emitting diodes and other new devices, in spe-
cial for quantum information applications. Self-assembled quantum dots are nearly
ideal light emitters for this kind of structure due to their delta function-like emis-
sion spectra, high radiative efficiency and ease of fabrication and integration with
standard optoelectronic devices. However, the serious drawbacks of self-assembled
quantum dots are that there is no control over their positioning and it is not possible
to determine a priori their exact emission wavelength. Therefore, the tuning of a
quantum dot emission with the nanocavity in which it is embedded relies basically
on luck. This is specially critical for photonic crystals, due to the very low photonic
mode volumes achieved in these nanocavities. Some solutions have been proposed
for this problem. For example, Hennessy et al. (Nature vol. 445, p. 896, 2007) use
atomic force microscopy to locate each quantum dot in a low density sample and
then micro-photoluminescence to determine the energy of its excitonic emission,
prior to fabrication of the photonic crystal nanocavity. This and other proposals
have the disadvantage that it is not possible to determine previously the operation
wavelength and position of the desired device, instead both are determined after
dot growth. In this work, we propose a method to precisely locate self-assembled
quantum dots before growth and, in addition, to better control the emission wave-
lengths of self-assembled quantum dots. We use the technique of anodic oxidation
nanolithography to pattern layers of InP and GaAs. The tip of an atomic force mi-
croscope is used to generate InP (GaAs) oxide nanodots at the sample surface. After
removal of the oxide nanodots the holes left in the surface act as nucleation centers
for self-assembled dot growth. The size, and consequently emission energy, of each
quantum dot can be controlled to some extent by the size of the nano-holes, which
depend on the oxidation parameters, and also by adjusting the growth parameters
of the quantum dots. We report the characterization of several samples produced in
this way, with dots of different sizes and morphologies. We also report on the optical
characterization of the self-assembled quantum dots thus fabricated.
2 12:10 OR-Tu-12
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 27
In this work we calculate the binding energy of the Wannier excitons bound to
donor impurities in GaAs/Alx Ga1-x As quantum-wells, using the effective-mass
approximation within a variational Monte Carlo method. In our calculations we
have considered the effects of the barrier height and the concentration of impurities
on the exciton binding energy. In the simulation we have used the trial wave func-
tion of the Slater-Jastrow type, considering space and spin coordinates of electrons.
Also we compare our results with experimental reports in the literature. Besides the
simulation method which was built using Fortran 90/95 under Linux platform, we
have used Casino Program from Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, England [3-4].
References:
1. Jai Singh, D. Birkedal, V. G. Lyssenko, and J. M. Hvam, Phys. Rev. B 53, 15 909
(1996)
2. A. C. Ferreira, P. O Holtz, and Monemar, Phys. Rev. B 54, 16994 (1996).
3. A. R. Porter, M. D. Towler, R. J. Needs, Phys. Rev. B 64, 035320 (2001).
4. M. D. Towler, Phys. Stat. Sol (b), 243, No 11, 2573 (2006).
CLACSA XIII
28 Tuesday
Plenary
1 16:00 Pl-Tu-4
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 29
Invited Talks
1 17:00 In-Tu-7
There has been a great effort dedicated to the study of nanoscopic systems with
different topologies due to its potential applications as memories, hardware for quan-
tum computing and in the case of quantum dots (QDs) due to its similarities with
a real atom, which provides an additional motivation for this effort. Most of the
properties of highly correlated electrons, highly confined by the atomic potential,
have been predicted to be present and experimentally measured in QDs. The great
advantage of studying the electronic properties of QDs, compared to real atoms,
results from the possibility of driving the system through different regimes by sim-
ply changing, in a continuous way, the external potentials that define the dots. The
Kondo effect, measured in the last years in these systems, is the clearest example
of the equivalence between a real atom and a QD. We present a new method (1) to
solve the many-body phenomenology associated to these spatially confined systems
that has shown to be extremely accurate, reliable and relatively simple to be numer-
ically implemented. The algorithm was in particular derived to study effects coming
from the strong correlations that exists among the quase-particles as a result of the
electron-electron, electron-phonon an electron-photon interactions. The formalism
is developed proposing a Feynman diagrammatic expansion for the Green functions
involved, adopting a scheme of summation of different families of diagrams compati-
ble with the localized nature of the many body interaction. Using this formalism we
study a system constituted by three connected quantum dots adopting a topology
such that two of them interact by the mediation of the central one that acts as a
finite reservoir of charge (2). We analyze the Kondo effect of the external dots under
the presence of a RKKY interaction, mediated by the central dot. We study as well
the transport properties of adsorbed molecules on metallic surfaces. The influence
of the interplay between many-body interaction and interferences due to phase con-
servation resulted to be crucial to obtain a theoretical description compatible with
the experimental results.
1) Busser, C. Anda E.V.,Chiappe G., Dagotto E. Phys. Rep. (2007)
2) Martins G., Busser C., Anda E.V., Dagotto D., Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 066802
(2006).
CLACSA XIII
30 Tuesday
2 17:00 In-Tu-8
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 31
Oral reports
1 17:30 OR-Tu-13
2 17:30 OR-Tu-13
CLACSA XIII
32 Tuesday
controversy. For example, the number of components of the Msbauer spectra (MS)
in both the paramagnetic and the magnetic states and their physical origin are still
controversial. Most interpretations are based upon the earlier reported tetragonal
structure, and very few upon the recent monoclinic one [3,4]. On the other hand, the
magnetic structure has been proposed to be collinear antiferromagnet, sperimagnet-
ic or asperimagnet. Our Msbauer investigations suggest that in the paramagnetic
region the MS can be properly fitted with two doublets whose origin is related to
the chlorine content, i.e. one Fe site assigned to Fe3+ ions located close to chloride
ions and the other Fe site to those located close to chloride vacancy sites. On the
other hand, MS in the magnetic region can be adequately fitted with four sextets,
whose hyperfine parameters must be subjected to some constraints. The origin of
these components is related to the two different monoclinic sites and to the chlo-
rine content. In-field Msbauer spectrometry at low temperature suggests that the
magnetic structure behaves as a system which consists of two asperimagnetic-like
structures antiferromagnetically coupled.
References
[1] C.A. Barrero, K.E. Garc, A.L. Morales and J.M. Greneche, Physica B 389 (2007)
88.
[2] K.E. Garc, A.L. Morales, C.A. Barrero and J.M. Greneche, Corros. Sci. 48 (2006)
2813.
[3] C.A. Barrero, K.E. Garc, A.L. Morales and J.M. Greneche, J M. J. Phys.: Con-
dens. Matter 18 (2006) 6827.
[4] K.E. Garc, A.L. Morales, C.A. Barrero, C.E. Arroyave and J.M. Greneche, Phys-
ica B 354 (2004) 187.
Keywords: nanoparticles, magnetic structure, Msbauer spectrometry, akaganeite.
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 33
Poster session
0 17:30 P-Tu-001
The Marmato mining district (Caldas, Colombia) is known for the extraction
of gold and silver; also in relative abundance are minerals such as esfalerita (var.
marmatita) which is rich in zinc. The mining that takes place in Marmato relies on
physicochemical processes, such as microbial technology (bioleaching) as an alterna-
tive method for obtaining valuable metals. Bioleaching tests with sphalerite mineral
have been conducted using native extremophile microorganisms (type acidophilus).
In addition, the changes observed in the surface of the sphalerite were examined,
using ESEM and AFM techniques, to obtain images of the changes produced by
oxidation and of the biofilms formed by the microorganisms which are necessary for
the study of the direct mechanism of bioleaching. FTIR and DRX techniques also
have been used to study phenomena of surfaces such as mineral oxidation due to
the bacterium activity, the superficial gas diffusion between the mineral surface and
environment, transformations at the nanometric level, phase formation, and absorp-
tion of chemical species; this analysis is complemented by the study of depth profiles
obtained with the XPS.
0 17:30 P-Tu-002
CLACSA XIII
34 Tuesday
0 17:30 P-Tu-003
0 17:30 P-Tu-004
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 35
0 17:30 P-Tu-005
0 17:30 P-Tu-006
CLACSA XIII
36 Tuesday
0 17:30 P-Tu-007
0 17:30 P-Tu-008
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 37
doped sample (Bi2212). We find a stron-gevidence that the main interaction mech-
anism is to caused by phonons and theoretically demonstrated that is not possible
associate the peak resonances in the spectral densities I2 χ(ω) and W(ω) extracted
from the spins magnetic susceptibility and optical conductivity measurements to the
superconductor transition.
0 17:30 P-Tu-009
CLACSA XIII
38 Tuesday
0 17:30 P-Tu-010
0 17:30 P-Tu-011
In the present work, we study the deterministic spin dynamics of four inter-
acting magnetic nanoparticles, with both dipolar and exchange interactions in the
presence of an applied magnetic field, by means of the LandauLifshitz equation
without the dissipation term. In particular, we analyze the chain geometrical con-
figuration with free boundary conditions for the exchange coupling. In addition, we
explore the parameter space calculating numerically some bifurcation diagrams. Due
to the strength ratio of interactions, two time scales appear. Finally, we find that the
total magnetization is not conserved and it has a strong dependence of the control
parameters.
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 39
0 17:30 P-Tu-012
In this work we study the behaviour of the energy level of the electron , light, and
heavy hole ground state in GaAs- Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells, quantum-well wires
and quantum dots, immersed in a host of Ga1-yAlyAs as a function of the geometry
of the systems and the x and y concentrations. We compare the behaviour of the
electron- light and electron-heavy hole transition energies between these structures
in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Also, we study the behaviour of the
electron energy when the interaction of the electron spin with the applied magnet-
ic field is taken into account. Our results for quantum wells present an excellent
agreement with experimental [1,2] and previous theoretical reports [3].
References:
1. P. Le June et al., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 12, 380 (1997).
2. A. Malinowsky and R. T. Harley, Phys. Rev. B 62, 2051 (200).
3. M. de Dios-Leyva et al., J. Appl. Phys 99, 104303 (2006).
Key Words: Pillbox, magnetic field, spin
0 17:30 P-Tu-013
Results for small-world networks (SWN) are shown using a highly symmetric
topology. Such arrangement consists of a central node coupled with neighbouring
nodes equally spaced along a circle. Connectivity of the central node with periph-
eral nodes is controlled by means of a probabilistic law. The aim for these types
of networks is to fully understand the probability distribution resulting for shortest
path lengths which may be referred to as geometric correlations. Similar results are
expected for other types of topologies, mainly for Apollonian-type networks which
also present SWN features. In the same manner, results for spin systems with simi-
lar topology are presented. Such systems represent the quantum counterpart of the
classical model and may be referred to as quantum networks (QN). The spin model
CLACSA XIII
40 Tuesday
is analysed under the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg star frame for which the mag-
netic couplings constants are J1 for the central spin-ring spin coupling and J2 for
ring-ring nearest-neighbour couplings. The relationship between classical quantities,
such as shortest path length distributions, and quantum properties, such as mag-
netic correlations and presence of magnetic frustration is discussed. Furthermore,
the dependence of such quantities/properties on the dilution of bonds/connections
among spin/ring sites, on the number of spins on the network and on the ratio of
magnetic constants J1 /J2 is analysed.
0 17:30 P-Tu-014
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 41
0 17:30 P-Tu-015
In this work we calculated the dielectric constant of two dimension electr gas in
the presence of the electric field. In order to avoid a numerical calculation a vari-
ational approach is used to calculated the electron wave function in the quantum
well. The screening of the charge density causes a blue shift in the electronic energy
level in the quantum well. This effect influences the optical properties of the elec-
tron hole pair recombination in the quantum well. Our the results are fitted with
photoluminescence experiments in GaN quantum wells.
0 17:30 P-Tu-016
CLACSA XIII
42 Tuesday
cations at different iron sites. The Curie temperature was calculated from the tem-
perature dependence of ac magnetic susceptibility data. It was observed that the
Curie temperature decrease with the increase in doping concentration. The increase
in saturation magnetization and decrease in coercivity suggest that the synthesized
materials can be used for the application of magnetic recording media.
0 17:30 P-Tu-017
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on glass substrates and single crystal
silicon substrate by chemical bath deposition technique (CBD), varying the zinc ni-
trate (Zn(NO3 )2 ) content in the bath solution. The deposition temperature is 80o C
and were keeping constant the values of pH, volume, deposition time and mechanical
stirring.
Samples were characterized by means X- ray diffraction (XRD) and transmittance
in the case of deposition on glass. By XRD is found that the material is polycrys-
talline with wurtzite structure and preferential crystallographic orientation (100)
when it has low Zn(NO3 )2 content, whereas for larger Zn(NO3 )2 content the mate-
rial shows different crystallographic orientations. Meanwhile, by transmittance the
results shown that at higher Zn(NO3 )2 content the material shows a tendency to
increase in its band gap. The depositions on silicon help to conclude the substrate
effect on the deposited material orientation.
Acknowledgements to VIEP by their support.
0 17:30 P-Tu-018
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 43
heterostructures, the effective g factor determines the spin splitting of carrier bands
and, therefore, influences the spin dynamics and spin resonance in such materials.
Also, manipulation of the electron spin may be used in the so-called spin-based
electronics, where preservation of the electron-spin coherence is required.
However, investigations on the properties of the effective g-factor in semicon-
ductor quantum well-wires have received much less attention. Quantum well-wires
have proven to be of great value in the active development of electronic and opto-
electronic devices, such as nanowire field-effect transistors, crossed, axial, and radial
nanowire heterostructures, and so on. Most relevant for the present work is the the-
oretical study reported by Kiselev it et al, who developed a theory of the Zeeman
effect for electrons in one- and zero-dimensional semiconductor systems by using a
Kane model, and investigated the properties of the electron g factor associated to
the lowest-confined electron in quantum well-wires and quantum dots.
In the present work we have studied the properties of the effective g factor in
semiconductor quantum well-wires under magnetic fields applied along the wire axis.
Calculations were carried out by taking into account the effects of nonparabolicity
and anisotropy of the conduction band on the electron states via the Ogg-McCombe
Hamiltonian. Our study was performed for both cylindrical and rectangular wire sec-
tions, and obtained as functions of the wire dimensions and magnetic field. Present
theoretical results were compared and found in good agreement with previous the-
oretical calculations
0 17:30 P-Tu-019
In this work, we study theoretically the effects of compressive stress on the pola-
ronic corrections to the energy an electron effective-mass in GaAs/Alx Ga1−x As quan-
tum well using degenerated second-order perturbation theory within the effective-
mass approximation. Also, we study the electron-hole transition energy. In our cal-
culations we have taken into account confined slab LO-phonon modes and the stress
was applied in the growth direction of the structure. Results are for different well
widths as a function of the compressive stress. We have found that the energy of the
electron and hole ground state diminishes with the well width and with the applied
hydrostatic pressure and that the effects of the stress on both polaronic corrections
to the energy and electron effective-mass are very small. However, we found that
the electron-hole transition energy decreases with the well width and augments with
the applied hydrostatic pressure.
CLACSA XIII
44 Tuesday
0 17:30 P-Tu-020
0 17:30 P-Tu-021
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 45
0 17:30 P-Tu-022
The CoCu alloys processed by melt spinning are examples of nanostructures built
up of magnetic nanoparticles (Co) dispersed in a non magnetic metallic (Cu) matrix.
Co10 Cu90 alloys were prepared by melt spinning in a twin roller device between 5m/s
and 40m/s tangential wheel velocities. The low temperature (5K-300K) magnetic
and electron transport properties were investigated in as cast alloys and in samples
annealed for 1 h at 923 K. Magnetoresistance (MR) measurements were performed
between 35 and 295K, with applied field up to 1 T. For each condition, M-H loops
and M(T) curves were measured and analyzed to estimate the mean Co particle size
and the blocking temperature distribution, respectively. In the as cast condition,
particle sizes between 2 nm and 6 nm are found and broad distributions of blocking
temperatures between 20 K and 250 K; these alloys, cooled at these relatively low
rates, show apreciable room temperature MR values (0.5 % to 1.5 % for 0.85 T).
A minimum in resistance is found at about 30 K in alloys with compositions up
to 15at %Co. The characteristics of this minimum depend on the cooling rate and
it dissappears after a heat treatment of 60 min at 930 K, which promotes larger
magneto-resistence values up to about 6 %.
0 17:30 P-Tu-023
CLACSA XIII
46 Tuesday
as functions of the quantum dots radii, heights of quantum dots, the thickness of
the wetting layer, donor position and the separation between quantum dots. The
effect of the variation of the quantum dot profile on the donor energy spectrum
and the electron tunneling between two layers is analyzed and it is shown that the
confinement and the lowering of the donor energy levels is stronger in the spike-
shaped quantum dots.
References
[1] J. Palacios and P. Hawrylak, Phys. Rev. B 51, 1769 (1995); G. S. Solomon, J. A.
Trezza, A. F. Marshall, and J. S. Jr. Harris, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 952 (1996); B. Par-
toens , A. Matulis, and F. M. Peeters, Phys. Rev. B 59 1617(1999); M. Korkusinski
and P. Hawrylak, Phys. Rev. B 63 195311 (2001); I. D. Mikhailov, J. H. Mar, and
F. Garc, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 242 1636 (2005).
[2] F. J. Betancurt,I. D. Mikhailov,and L. E. Olivera, J. Appl. Phys. D, 31, 3391
(1998).
0 17:30 P-Tu-024
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 47
0 17:30 P-Tu-025
CLACSA XIII
48 Tuesday
the impurity binding energy. In this paper, we describe an analytical study of the
effects of the hydrostatic pressure in two laterally coupled quantum dots, each one
with an electron, constituted by electrical gating of two-dimensional electron gas
(2DEG), under the action of a z-axis parallel magnetic field B, and an electric field
E in the x direction, considering the Heitler-London approach. Specifically, we show
the ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition through the exchange parameter J of
Heisenberg model for this system. We consider that this theoretical study contributes
to the understanding of particular solid state model which has great technological
importance in the developed of quantum gates for quantum computers, because of
the expression for J in this system is a function of various parameters that allow
its experimental control such as the electric and magnetic fields, separation distance
between the quantum dots, and the hydrostatic pressure.
0 17:30 P-Tu-026
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 49
0 17:30 P-Tu-027
0 17:30 P-Tu-028
CLACSA XIII
50 Tuesday
0 17:30 P-Tu-029
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 51
0 17:30 P-Tu-030
We report a calculation of the electron effective Landé gk factor and cyclotron ef-
fective mass in cylindrical semiconductor GaAs-Ga1−x Alx As quantum pillbox under
an axis-parallel applied magnetic field. The quantum pillbox is assumed to consist of
a finite length cylinder of GaAs material surrounded by Ga1−x Alx As material. The
calculations within the effective-mass approximation, have been performed including
nonparabolicity and anisotropy effects via an Ogg-McCombe effective Hamiltonian
[Proc. Phys. Soc. London 89, 431 (1969); Phys. Rev. 181, 1206 (1969)] for the elec-
tron in the conduction band of the GaAs-Ga1−x Alx As heterostructure. Calculations
are performed for different radius and lengths of the cylindrical GaAs-Ga1−x Alx As
quantum pillbox and as function of the applied magnetic field. Our results are in
good agreement with previous theoretical results [1] in the limit geometry of a quan-
tum well.
[1] M. de Dios-Leyva, N. Porras-Montenegro, H. S. Brandi, L. E. Oliveira, J. Appl.
Phys. 99, 104303 (2006).
0 17:30 P-Tu-032
In this work, we use the nonlinear Time Dependent Ginzburg -Landau equations
(TDGL) to study theoretically magnetization curve and vortex number of a square
loop (square ring geometry) in the presence of an external magnetic field applied
perpendicularly to the ring plane. We calculate the phase of the superconducting
order parameter using the numerical method based on the popular technique of
gauge invariant variables. We obtain isothermal magnetization curves for different
values of the Ginzburg - Landau parameter (κ) and temperature. We compare the
magnetization and vortex number for rings of several sizes and shown the different
vortex transition as a function of (κ).
CLACSA XIII
52 Tuesday
0 17:30 P-Tu-033
0 17:30 P-Tu-034
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 53
0 17:30 P-Tu-035
0 17:30 P-Tu-036
A new phase of layered structure of hydrate titanium oxide has been synthesized
from rutile phase by a single hydrothermal process at 130o C in a NaOH concentra-
tion of 5M and 10M. Observations performed by FEG-SEM and HRTEM indicated
that the transformation from spherical particles into nanotubes was not complete,
although the synthesis process was performed in a high NaOH concentration. We
think the reason is that the rutile is the most stable crystalline phase of all the
phases of the polymorphic titanium dioxide and the exfoliation in sheets depends on
CLACSA XIII
54 Tuesday
the crystalline planes. The nanotubes present good cristallinity, indicated by XRD
and Raman spectroscopy; however, the best of our knowledge, this new phase syn-
thesized had been not indexed yet. The crystallization water was detected by TG
analysis and was concluded that this new phase has half molecule of occluded wa-
ter. This result is supported by microscopy Raman and corroborates the existence
of crystallization water in the product synthesized. In summary, the occluded water
produce structural changes in the rutile, which is evidenced by Raman deep profile
scan, XRD, HRTEM and SAED of hydrate titanium oxide. Further studies are nec-
essaries to know the properties of this hydrate phase of titanium oxide for possible
technological applications, as in solar cells and in lithium ion intercalation.
0 17:30 P-Tu-037
CdS, CdSe and PbS films were deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath de-
position (CBD), with deposition temperature intervals (Td ); 0, 10,. . . 80 o C, keeping
constant the concentration, reactants volume, pH and stirring. Crystalline structure,
grain size (GS), composition and morphology, were investigated by x-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS)
and optic microscopy (OM). By XRD, in the CdS it observes the CdS→CdCO3
transition and the (GS) is between 24-30 nm, in the CdSe it identifies a gradual
transition of phase: hexagonal→cubic/hexagonal traces and the GS from 9 to 27
nm, and in the PbS the structure is cubic and the GS is from 19 to 30 nm. By EDS,
the CdS with Td = 80 o C, it atomic concentration is Cd = 49.1, S = 51.9, for CdSe
the atomic concentration still almost constant with cadmium 6 % in excess respect
to selenium, and the PbS has a sulfur excess of 5 % respect to lead. We present
a discussion about the conditions for obtain the better material for optoelectronic
applications.
CLACSA XIII
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[1]. Similarly to the case of a double quantum dot, the low lying 1s and 2px,y sub-
bands of the free electron in nanotube become almost degenerated as the size of the
center potential barrier increases and the mixing of these subbands in the presence
of the off-axis donor no longer may be depreciated. Therefore the effect of the mixing
of the low lying 1s and 2px,y subbands on the ground state binding energy of the
off-axis donors in cylindrical nanotube has been included in consideration in our cal-
culation. We express the wave function as a product of combination of 1s and 2px,y
subband wave functions with an unknown envelope function that depends only on
electron-ion separation. By using variational principle and the functional derivative
procedure we derive a one-dimensional differential equation for the envelope func-
tion, which we solve numerically by means of the trigonometric sweep method [2].
By using this procedure we calculate the donor binding energies in nanotubes with
different radii of the repulsive core and potential profile as a function of the distance
from the donor location to the axis. It is shown that the including of the subband
mixing in variational calculation provides an increase of the binding energies reaches
about 10 %.
0 17:30 P-Tu-040
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Tuesday 59
experimental works have come showing excellent and novel changes in several physi-
cal properties when these semiconductor devices are put under hydrostatic pressure
showing that this property plays important role in the optoelectronic properties of
semiconductor devices.
In the present paper we have study the behavior of one impurity in a double barrier
system that we have shaped the potential barriers with the hylleras model seeking
to make a better approximation for a real model of the bands behavior in semicon-
ductors materials. In this work we have calculated the transmission coefficient and
current intensity as functions of the energy, impurity position, magnetic field and
hydrostatic pressure. In this study we have considered the transference matrix and
the hypergeometric confluent function form that outline the behavior of carriers in
this system.
In the first instance we have studied the transmission and reflections coefficients
behavior as a function of the hydrostatic pressure for constant magnetic fields and a
fixed impurity position. Here we have observed that such coefficients acquire smaller
values as the hydrostatic pressure increases from 0 to 30 kbar, this allow us to affirm
that the carriers need less energy to transport throughout the system. In the second
instance we have analyzed the behavior of the above mentioned coefficients taking
into account the displacement of the impurity towards the edge of the potential well.
This have shown a substantial change in the quantum tunneling given that the im-
purity position causes a modification in the intensity of the peaks, showing a better
tunneling throughout the system. Likewise, when the impurity is located exactly in
potential well center, the energy necessary to tunnel is bigger. The same behavior is
observed when the hydrostatic pressure is increased in our model, showing that the
quantum tunneling is diminished requiring a greater energy to show effects similar
to those aforementioned
0 17:30 P-Tu-044
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60 Tuesday
applicable for all kind of liquid samples, including the semitransparent ones. The
comparisons with literature values show a remarkable agreement.
0 17:30 P-Tu-045
It is well known that Maya blue has peculiar features. Some of them are been
studied using classical molecular dynamics. However, because of the nature of the
interactions, and the differences between components (palygorskite and indigo) and
the system (Mayan blue), we consider that, in order to have a complete scheme
about the system, a simulation with real interactions has to be made. The best way
to have this goal done is using ab-initio molecular dynamics.
In this work, we are interested only in how indigo goes into palygorskite to
form the Maya blue. This is our first approach in order to known how Maya blue
can be produced and, later on, trying to understand the origin of its features. The
palygorskite is a clay, so it has some water molecules in its channels. So, we expect
that water plays a important role in the process of adsorption. For that reason, we
present some molecular dynamics results about indigo in water. Because of strong
correlations due to hydrogen bridges, Car-Parinello molecular dynamics was made
to capture this interaction. The system studied consisted of a single molecule of
indigo surrounded by 684 water molecules.
We also know that only some orientation give us a stable system. Actually, this
are the only studied using classical dynamics. So, we try to look for those orientations
that allow to indigo goes into palygorskite channel, to compare with those obtained
using classical simulation. An explanation of how those orientations are special is
presented, having care with the interaction between water and indigo. We are also
later look for any other stable states of the Maya blue.
Keywords: Maya blue, palygorskite, indigo, molecular dynamics
Acknowledgments: Work supported by research project 2227/2006U UAEMex
0 17:30 P-Tu-046
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 61
[2]. Many efforts have been devoted to the elaboration of nano-composites based PS.
The objective could be to improve the electro luminescence efficiency, or also the
realization of particular sensing properties [3]. In this work, the Photoluminescence
(PL) behavior of thermal oxidized porous silicon/blue methylene (Ox-PS/BM) nano-
composite, submitted to different organic ambient, was studied. Porous silicon (PS)
layers were prepared by the electrochemical anodization method after that PS film
was submitted to thermal oxidation process in O2 ambient at 900 OC during 5
minutes. The Ox-PS surface was wetted with MB solution in ethanol; the solvent
evaporation was obtained by spinning the wet sample (spin coating). The final Ox-
PS/BM structure was analyzed by infrared, optical absorption and PL spectra, the
results of spectra pointed out that MB molecules were adsorbed in all the Ox-PS
surface conserving their monomer features, i.e., all the optical properties of BM
molecules in low concentration organic solution were preserved. The Ox-PS/BM
structure was setup into the chamber vacuum (10-5 bar) initially, followed by the
injection of organic gas vapor (benzene, Methanol, Ethanol Hexane). In the initial
state (Vacuum), the PL emission of Ox-PS/BM showed a low intensity emission
and the increasing of their intensity when injected gas concentration increases. These
results showed that the Ox-PS/BM structure was an excellent material for gas sensor
fabrication.
References:
[1] V. Parkhutik, sol. stat. Electron. 43, 1121 (1999).
[2] W. J. Salcedo, F. J. R. Fernadez, J. C. Rubim, Spectrochem. Act. A 60, 1077
(2004).
[3] L. T. Canham, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 337 (1993).
0 17:30 P-Tu-047
A LabVIEW elaborated virtual instrument was built to predict the SiO2 mod-
ified TiO2 thin films composition. The films were synthesized by Chemical vapor
Deposition (CVD). The mathemmatical model developed was quite simple and it
incorporates the main evaporation process parameters ocurring in the bubbler. The
CVD has ample technology applications in renewable energy field and photocalysis.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-048
Gas-solid interactions are the fundamental physical entities for the understand-
ing of adsorption, which is the first step in a variety of processes in surface science
and its applications, such as gas separation, catalysis, and thin films growth [1]. For
the great majority of real systems the adsorptive energy surface is not a flat, or even
a periodic, surface but a quite irregular one. Surface heterogeneity is usually sepa-
rated in energetic and geometric heterogeneity, even when most real solids surfaces
present a combination of the two types [1,2]. However, studying them separately
is useful to understand their efects on adsorption of interacting particles. Energet-
ic heterogeneity is manifested through the variation of adsorption energy from one
site to another, while geometric heterogeneity is associated with variable distance
among neighboring sites or variable connectivity, whose efects on adsorption are
manifested through adsorbateadsorbate interactions [3]. A simple model consisting
of a triangular lattice where a fraction of bonds (adsorbateadsorbate interactions)
is weakened at random is used here to find out, by using grand canonical Monte
Carlo simulations, how the adsorption thermodynamics of repulsively interacting
particles is modified with respect to the same process in the homogeneous lattice
[4]. Adsorption isotherm, diferential heat of adsorption and adsorbed phase entropy
calculations are carried out showing and interpreting the efects of the variable con-
nectivity.
[1] M.J. Jaroniec, R. Madey, “Physical Adsorption on Heterogeneous Surfaces, El-
sevier, Amsterdam, 1988.
[2] Rudzinski, W., Steele, W. A., Zgrablich, G., Eds. “Equilibria and Dynamics of
Gas Adsorption on Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces ; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1997.
[3] M. Quintana, M. Pasinetti, A. J. Ramirez-Pastor, G. Zgrablich, Surf. Sci. 600
(2006) 33.
[4] F. Romá, A. J. Ramirez-Pastor, Physica A 328 (2003) 513; Phys. Rev. E 69
(2004) 036124.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-049
Electronic transport measurements were carried out on epitaxially grown Y Ba2 Cu3 O7 -
d /La1/3 Ca2/3 MnO3 /La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3 trilayered structures. The I-V characteristics
were recorded both by cooling the sample in zero field (ZFC) and in a field (FC)
of 50 mT, applied parallel to the structure surface (in-plane geometry). Although
the I-V characteristics, recorded in the temperature range 15-150 K, featured a
non-linear behavior, they showed no energy gap-like structure associated with the
superconducting layer. Such non linear behavior might be ascribed to a combination
of tunnelling and thermal activation mechanisms. By applying the polynomial ap-
proximation, given by the linear Simmonsś model, to the integral conductance G =
I/V vs V dependence at 15 K, an equilibrium barrier height φ0 ≈ 2.6eV and a barrier
wide t≈ 2.2nm were obtained. In turn, the small polarons hopping model, applied
to the I-V curves, allowed to calculate the hopping distance a and the activation en-
ergy Ea . In the measuring temperature range (15-150 K), the parameter a displayed
a behaviour that was well fitted with the expression a≈ bt exp[-γ(2T /ΘD )], being
ΘD the Debyeś temperature and bt the electronic bandwidth. The ratio 2γ/ΘD took
values of 36 and 95 K −1 for the ZFC and FC procedure, respectively. This finding
pointed out to a dependence of the factor γ on the magnetization history.
Keywords: Heterostructures, electronic properties
0 17:30 P-Tu-050
We studied the effect produced by different growth times in the optical response
of Gax In1−x Asy Sb1−y films grown by liquid phase epitaxy technique. Ten samples of
the quaternary alloy GaInAsSb were fabricated on Te-doped GaSb substrates with
different growth times (20-270 seconds) in order to obtain different thicknesses. With
the purpose of identifying the radiative transitions, the samples were characterized
by means of Photoluminescence technique making variations in temperature (11-
300K) and laser power (2-200mW). Two main bands were observed in the spectra
CLACSA XIII
64 Tuesday
for almost all the samples. The band located around 0.72 eV is attributed to bound
exciton transitions and has been reported in the literature for the Gax In1−x Asy Sb1−y
in concentrations of 0.14 and 0.13 for x and y respectively. The low energy band,
located around 0.64 eV, is due to transitions involving defects. When the spectra of
the samples grown with different times were compared, remarkable changes in the
position of the peaks and in the spectra line shape were evidenced. We considered
that the two main contributions to these changes are variations in the stoichiometry
and in the defect density. In order to obtain an estimative of the atomic fractions of
the elements, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used as a complemen-
tary technique. On this work, we present the correlation between the growth time,
the optical response and the atomic fractions of the elements forming the quaternary
alloy.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This work was partially supported by the Universi-
dad del Quind and by the Excellence Center for Novel Materials (ECNM), under
Contract No. 043-2005 subscribed with Colciencias.
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CLACSA XIII
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Au thin films were grown in nitrogen enviroment by Pulsed Arc Plasma Assisted
Physical Vapor Deposition (PA-PAPVD), with a Gold target 99.99 % purity and
deposited on 304 stainless steel substrate. The broadening Au peak orientation ob-
tained by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns is studied. The lattice parameter is
obtained from the XRD pattern. Lattice stability studies are performed by Mul-
liken population analysis, molecular orbital and electron total density using Density
Functional Theory (DFT).
Keywords: Gold, Pulsed Arc, Density Functional Theory.
0 17:30 P-Tu-053
This work shows the results of the characterization and biomedical evaluation
of niobium oxides (NbOx) thin films deposited using an unbalanced magnetron
sputtering. Thin films of NbOx were grown under different deposition conditions
(O2 flow rate and pressure) and were characterized to obtain growth rates, micro-
structure, surface morphology, optical properties and hardness. The results indicated
that the films were amorphous under any of the conditions used. The corrosion
resistance of the coatings was improved compared to the stainless steel substrate
as demonstrated by the greater polarization resistance and minor corrosion current
density. The corrosion resistance was used as a parameter to determine and select
the optimum deposition conditions to produce films for the biomedical evaluation. A
large number of these NbOx films, with minor corrosion density, were deposited and
CLACSA XIII
66 Tuesday
the response of human cells to these surfaces were evaluated in comparison to NbN
films, AISI 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V. Cellular adhesion and proliferation
assays showed that the NbOx films were biocompatible to human cells. Moreover,
the biomineralization was evaluated studying the formation of CaP minerals on the
surfaces.
0 17:30 P-Tu-054
Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a low cost technique for CdS films prepara-
tion. Traditional method to deposit uses magnetic agitation applied to the bath in
order to homogenize the chemical components. However, different techniques to ag-
itate the bath and/or the substrate, such as ultrasound, oscillation, and microwaves
have been reported. In a preliminary work [1] we demonstrated that oscillating
the substrate into the bath, clean and transparent CdS films can be achieved and
no-precipitations during deposition was observed into the bath. In this work, we
proposed to rotate the substrate during CdS deposition and to study its effect on
their morphological, optical, and structural properties. A group of five CdS films was
deposited at different deposition time onto Corning glass substrates for each selected
rotation velocity (150, 300, 450 and 600 RPM) for chemical deposition. Chemical
bath heated at 75 C typically composed by CdCl2, KOH, NH4NO3 and CS(NH2)2
as chemical reagents was used. A rotator substrate-holder was designed such that a
pair of deposited films can be taken out vertically for each deposition time. Results
show a decrement of the gap energy when the velocity of rotation increases. Better
quality films were achieved at minor velocities as EDS analysis and thickness mea-
surement on films demonstrate. Stoichiometry is affected strongly by the rotation,
giving excess of Cd at higher speed. Thus, we show that the relative motion between
substrate and chemical bath plays an important role on the CdS films properties
obtained. Rotation effects can be of interest for industrial production of CdTe/CdS
solar cells.
[1] Y.A. Salazar, R. Pati, J.L. Pe, W. Cauich, A.I. Oliva. Braz. J. Phys., 36 (3B)
1058-1061 (2006). *Bachelor student at FI-UADY, Mico.
Work supported by Conacyt-Mico through project F1-54173.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-055
Since 2 decades ago the resarches had already identifield the problems encountered
on growing a polar on a nonpolr material for example the polar semiconductor GaAs
on a nonpolar substrate of similar structure like Si or Ge, these are: the problem of
antiphase disorder on the compound side of the interface, b) the problem of lack of
electrical neutrality the interface, and c) the problem of cross doping.
The research in this area has been continued since the semiconductor heterostruc-
tures promised new properties not only for electronic applications, such as hetero-
junction bipolar transistors (HBTs) and solar cells but also for fabricating nonlinear
optical devices and their possible monolithic integration with semiconductor lasers
and the advanced Si electronic technology the research as been continued.
The object of this work was to study the surface morphology, periodicity and the
elemental compositions of a set of 14 (GaAs-Ge)n /GaAs heterostructures grown by
the magnetron sputtering technique where n=15 periods. The set of samples was
characterized by the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)and Auger electron spec-
troscopy (AES) techniques. To observe the periodicity of the constituent layers of
the heterostructures by SEM, the etching solution NH2 OH:H2 O2 :H2 O (1:5:25) was
used. The etching rate of this solution is preferential to GaAs than to Ge, therefore
grooves patterns were produced in the perpendicular sides of the samples. Depth
Auger profiles were recorded with the same measurement parameters for compari-
son purposes.
This project was partially supported by VIEP-BUAP. Project IIG5301.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-056
The simple tetrahedral oxo-anions and oxides of the transition metals with d0
configuration (AO4y− ) are of considerable interest for the understanding of the nature
of transition metal-oxygen bonds. The scheelite-structured ABO4 compounds can
be formed with several valence combinations of the A and B. It has been observed
that there is an increase in the degree of covalency and decrease in the ionicity when
the A, B valencies change. The polycrystalline samples of KReO4 were synthesized
by solid-state reaction and sol-gel method via acrylamide polymerization. The X-
ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the Re − 4f , Re − 4d, O − 1s
and K − 2p core levels identify the chemical states of KReO4 , ReO2 and ReO3
coexistence in low concentration; the deconvolution fit spectra of Re − 4f7/2 and
Re − 4f5/2 , O − 1s and K − 2p after 45 min etching determine oxidation state of
Re, O and K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows a single phase of KReO4 , the
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the difference in morphology on the
surface of the pellet according to the preparation method. The samples synthesized
by solid-state reaction shows grains with sizes between 1 and 10 µ m at the surface,
while that prepared by sol-gel shows particles with sizes less than 1 µm.
CLACSA XIII
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Tungsten nitride is considered a very important material used in various fields in-
cluding engineering, microelectronics and aeronautics. WN thin films were produced
in a pulsed arc system at various N2 partial pressures in an Ar − N2 gas mixture.
The coatings produced are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique in
order to identify the present phases in the films, and the variation of the lattice pa-
rameter, Chemical states of the WN films were determined by X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) techniques.
It was found that a structure of W2 N was formed with the preferencial orientation in
the plane (111). The lattice parameter was between 4.1917 and 4.1927 Å. Through
XPS analysis the binding energy were determinatated at 33.4 eV for W4f 7/2 and
35.7 eV for W4f5/2 corresponding to W-N bond.
0 17:30 P-Tu-059
Thin film of tungsten oxide (WO3) has been studied extensively as an elec-
trochromic material and has numerous applications in electrochromic devices, smart
windows, gas sensors and optical windows. In order to explore the possibility of us-
ing this in electrochromic devices, a preliminary and thorough study of the kinetic
growth and of the optical properties of the WO3 is an important step. The effect of
the annealing temperature on the crystalline structure, surface morphological and
optical properties of WO3 layers has been studied in this work. The WO3 layers
have been grown by the physical vapor deposition method of the sublimation of
electric light filament technique under atmospheric pressure and an oxygen atmo-
sphere. The single phase nature, monoclinic structure and textured nature of layers
has been verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystalline defects have been
observed from surface morphological studies by AFM. The shift in absorption edge
towards the lower energies region observed from optical studies could be due to the
coloration effect on the layers.
CLACSA XIII
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We had been produced (Ti-Zr)N thin films and in this work chemical, mor-
phological and electronics analysis are presented. Thin films were produced by the
PAPVD (Plasma assisted Physics Vapor Deposition) technique, of pulsed arc, in a
mono-vaporizer system using a titanium-zirconium target with 4N purity. Argon-
nitrogen mixture for the discharge was used. For the analyses X-Ray Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) techniques were used.
XPS results showed the chemical composition. Films were morphologically and tri-
bologically characterized using (SPM), obtaining grain size and friction coefficient.
The electronic properties were determined using a programmable curve tracer.
CLACSA XIII
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ZnO thin films were deposited on amorphous glass substrates using successive
ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR). The employed baths were ammonium
zincate, with NH3 and NH4 OH as complex agents and ZnSO4 and Zn(NO3 )2 as
precursor source. The first Silar process consists in an ammonium zincate bath
(using NH3 and ZnSO4 ) alternating dipping in the bath and in hot water during 15
y 7 s respectively. In the second Silar process the alternating dipping in the bath
(using NH4 OH and ZnSO4 ) at the hot water is during 2s in each solution. The third
Silar process is the same as the second but the bath contains Zn(NO3 )2 and NH3 .
The films were heat treated (HT) at different temperatures for 15 minutes in air. The
comparison between films deposited by those three processes was studied by means of
X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption, and - Raman. Results showed that the
deposited films exhibit hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure with highorientation
along c-direction (002). The crystallinity is better from the films deposited by third
and second SILAR. The crystalline sizes are similar to all processes and are between
24 to 31 nm. The band gap is between 3.19 to 3.38 eV and presents no strong
changes with the HT temperature. By -Raman spectroscopy, the principal vibration
modes around 435 and 579 cm−1 were determined in all the films. The evolution
of those peaks with HT temperature is different for each SILAR, in the first there
are not noticeable changes with Temperature but in the other two processes the
vibration modes became more intensive and others three peaks appear around 272,
329 and 381 cm−1 , which are attributed to multi-phonon process and indicate better
crystalline quality. The intensity of those peaks increases more in the third Silar.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-065
Since natural gas is essentially odorless, natural gas distribution companies odor-
ize the gas prior to distribution to residential, commercial and industrial facilities.
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 75
In most cases, odorizing is performed using substances which contain sulfur (mer-
captans, sulfides or thiophane). Without these critical components, the safety could
not be assumed. The use of scents in the natural gas is not exempt of problems. One
specific problem is the fade of the odor. Odor-fading can occur by catalytic effects.
Therefore, the odorant adsorption study on solid surfaces can afford important dates
to elucidate this problem. The electronic structure of H2S molecular adsorption on
FeOOH(110) (goethite is a common iron oxide associated with corroded surfaces)
has been studied by ASED-MO cluster calculations. We have analyzed the horizon-
tal and the perpendicular H2S molecular adsorption. The rotation in the plane was
also considered. The calculations show that the selected surface zone offers a place
for several possible geometrical H2S adsorption configurations. The most stable con-
figuration results to be the flat non rotated molecule on goethite surface. For this
configuration, the S-H(goethite) is the major interaction with OP values of 0.199 at
the distance of 1.90 There is also a H(H2S)-Fe small interaction. The interaction
mainly involves Fe 3dx2-y2 atomic orbitals with lesser participation of the rest Fe
atomic orbitals. There is an electron transfer of 0.31 e- to the Fe atom from the
H(H2S) atom. On the other hand, there is an electron transfer of 0.02 e- from the S
atom to H(goetithe) atom. No others important OP values have been obtained for
the studied configuration.
0 17:30 P-Tu-066
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CdS thin films were deposited by three dips in an oscillating chemical bath [1],
using a Teflon stirrer connected to an electrical dental brush that oscillates at 37Hz
when it is submerged. Commercial glass substrates were placed on the inner-walls
of a 500mL glass-beaker and the following aqueous solutions were added: CdCl2 ,
KOH, N H4 N O3 and CS(N H2 )2 . The bath temperature was 75o C and the depo-
sition times were of 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min. The CdS thin films were uniform
and have excellent adhesion. In order to increase the film thickness, the samples
were dipped up to two more times, following the same experimental procedure. The
deposited films by two and three dips also were with excellent adhesion and unifor-
mity. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the initial deposits have a preferential
hexagonal structure (alpha-Greenockite), highly oriented in (002) direction, charac-
teristic that also presented the samples deposited by two and three dip.
The AFM images confirm the results obtained by X-ray diffraction, since the super-
ficial grains show a preferential direction; the morphology of the superficial grains
depends of the deposition times and this dependency stays for CdS thin films de-
posited by two and three dips. The stoichiometry results, obtained from EDAX
analysis, are satisfactory, such that, the ion concentration of S and Cd, differs from
the ideal (50 % − 50 %) value in 3.3 % for single dip films; with the subsequent de-
posits, Cd ion concentration was reduced in 2 %.
Band gap energy was measured by first derivative of transmittance data. In the
transmittance curves it is observed that when the deposition time increases, the
number of oscillations increases at low energy; this is attributed to the increase of
the film thickness. For deposits made by two and three dips, the thickness of the sam-
ples is greater and therefore, their spectra present a greater number of oscillations
and absorption. The band gap energy value is reduced slightly with the deposition
times. The mean values of band gap energy were 2.48 eV for single dip samples,
2.47 eV for two dips samples and 2.36 eV for three dips samples.
[1] Y.A. Salazar, R. Pati, J.L. Pe, W. Cauich, A.I. Oliva, Brazilian Journal of Physics,
Vol. 36, No. 3 (1) 2006.
CLACSA XIII
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This work presents the results obtained from growing NbNx thin films on com-
mon glass substrates through the rf magnetron sputtering technique. The structure,
morphology and surface composition of the resulting films have been characterized
with X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) techniques, respectively. The results from XRD
show that the films deposited at room temperature, varying the power between 100
and 300 W, grew in amorphous manner. The films deposited at 300 W and 120oC
grew along the (111) and, with smaller intensity, (200) planes of the Nb4N3.92.
phase. The films morphological study indicates that the surface evolves from low to
high coalescence depending on temperature and power. On the other hand, the Nb
3d XPS spectra recorded from all the samples showed always three components. A
major one located at 207.3 eV (BE of the Nb 3d5/2 core level) which corresponds
to Nb2O5; a second one at 203.5-204.3 eV which we associate with the presence of
NbNx, (we observed small binding energy differences for this component depending
on the samples which are probably due to small differences in stoichiometry of the
NbNx phase) and, finally, we observed a third component at 204.8-205.5 eV which
corresponds to a niobium oxynitride phase probably located in the interface be-
tween the NbNx layer and the outer Nb2O5 oxide layer. The relative concentrations
of these three phases are different in the different samples. The N 1s spectra showed
always a main component at 396.7-397.5 eV which is due to Nb-N bonds. Some
other contributions appearing at higher binding energies were also observed and we
associate them with the presence of N-O bonds.
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0 17:30 P-Tu-069
0 17:30 P-Tu-070
In this work the production of WC coatings used a repetitive pulsed arc Plasma
Assisted Physical Vapour Deposition (PAPVD) system is employed. During the
grown process, a W target was used as cathode. The work atmosphere is methane
and as it is knew, the use of this gas as precursor for WC production, causes the
apparition of different phases such as WC and W2 C. The power supply allows varying
the active and passive time of the pulses. The coatings produced are characterized by
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-071
The beta phase carbon nitride (β − C3 N4 ) has a volumetric coefficient (B) com-
parable or even higher than diamond, which has a 443 GPa value and possesses high
thermal conductivity. Other carbon nitride phases such as CN2 presents a 405 GPa
volumetric coefficient value which is higher than the cubic-boron nitride (c-BN), that
results in high hardness. Fullerene-like phase combines high hardness (40-60 GPa)
and extreme elastic recovery (60 − 90 %). β − C3 N4 thin films were deposited by
pulsed arc Plasma Assisted Physical Vapour Deposition (PA-PAPVD) on 316L sur-
gical stainless steel. Analysed by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
to determinate the films composition and the crystalline structure was observed by
X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD). A structural analysis is also performed using Density
Functional Theory (DFT) to observe phase stability of the different proposed struc-
tures of this compound.
Key words: Carbon nitride, superhard materials, Volumetric coefficient, Density
Functional Theory
0 17:30 P-Tu-072
Langmuir monolayers have been the subject of research for many years. They
are formed by amphiphilic molecules which have hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends
such that part of the molecule repels water while the other one is attracted to
it. Those systems are important as models to understand transport processes in
biological membranes and also as the basis for bio-electronic sensors. The basic
experimental technique applied to study those systems is to measure the surface
tension in function of the compression of the surface. The resulting isotherms show
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that the monolayer undergoes several phase transitions that depend on the nature of
the molecule and on the temperature. Studies showed that during the compression
the following events are observed: at the beginning the molecules are disperse and do
not interact behaving as isolated molecules in a gaseous phase. The next stage when
the molecules begin to feel the presence of their neighbors is designated expanded-
liquid, since there is no definitive structural arrangement. With further compression
the hydrophobic tails of the molecules lift above the interface with inclinations that
depend on the nature of the molecule. In the last stage the tails are ordered in
a solid like phase. The theoretical study of the phase transitions allow a better
understanding of the nature of the interaction forces that act between the molecules.
There are many approaches which explain the transitions. Due to the complexity
of the system numerical simulations that consider all molecular interactions are
unfeasible. Therefore more general treatments based on thermodynamic concepts
are advisable. We developed a lattice model able to describe the behavior of the
monolayers during isothermal compression. The interface is taken as a bi-dimensional
lattice where the number of sites changes under compression. These molecules are
described by a model analogous to the Flory-Huggins theory for polymer solutions
where only interactions between nearest neighbors are considered. The description of
the hydrophobic tails lifted above the interface due to compression is done by three
different mean-field methods: the first one considers the lifted tails as rigid rods
without any flexibility, the second one considers that the segments are distributed
in a random way and the third one which considers connection among the segments
and having flexibility. The results show that, for given values of the interaction
energy among nearest-neighbor segments, there are two phase transitions for two of
these models.
0 17:30 P-Tu-073
In this work the thermal lens spectrometer is introduced as a tool to measure the
fluorescence quantum efficiency (#951;) of luminescent R6G dye solution with gold
nanoparticle. This methodology exhibits the conventional methods, like for instance
need to use a reference sample. Our results indicate a high #951; for Rhodamine
compared with the R6G dye solution with gold nanoparticle. The Rhodamine was
firstly chosen for our study because its properties are very well known. Our results
suggest that the method can be used for measurements of semitransparent liquid
with nanoparticles.
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0 17:30 P-Tu-074
0 17:30 P-Tu-075
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applied electric field E. The resulting ferroelectric hysteresis yield a saturation po-
larization Ps, a remnant polarization Pr and a coercive field, in range of, 2.09-14.02
#956;C/cm2, 1.00-6,01 #956;C/cm2, 1.94-3.77 KV/cm respectively.
0 17:30 P-Tu-076
Mean Field kinetic equations were used to study CO oxidation on the Pt surfaces.
It is well known that reaction occurs via the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.
Two rate equations describe the variations of CO and O surface coverages, both
chemisorbed on the surface. These equations are coupled by the term kr θCO θO which
takes into account the reaction between adsorbed CO and O. When the reaction
significantly affects the surface coverages, the equations have three solutions for the
reaction rate R, over a limited range of CO partial pressure. One solution is unstable
and two are stable. This system exhibits bistability at fixed CO and O2 pressures.
A plot of R as a function of the normalized CO impingement rate presents two
critical points ζ1 and ζ2 that define a bistability window. The first stable solution
corresponds to a state with a surface which is covered predominantly with CO. The
high θCO effectively blocks the adsorption of oxygen, leading to a low value of θO
and resulting in a low value of R. The other stable solution corresponds to a state
with a surface which has a relatively high θO . In this case CO adsorption is not
inhibited by the high oxygen coverage, which results in a higher value of R than for
the CO dominated surface. The bistability of the reaction rates derives primarily
from the difference in the adsorption kinetics of CO and O2 . A feedback mechanism
is required to spontaneously switch between the two stable states. In this work
the effect of periodic forcing of reaction kinetics via small temporal perturbation
of reactant pressures on the bistability region was studied. To center the analysis
on bistability, the mean CO and O2 pressures were chosen so that the unperturbed
system is inside the bistability window. The response of the system was in this case
strongly depend on the forcing frequency, amplitudes and phase of perturbations.
If the amplitudes are sufficiently small, the perturbation is not able to shift the
system outside the bistability window, and accordingly the reactant concentrations
oscillate near the point corresponding to one of the unperturbed stable steady-states
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 83
irrespective of frequency. For the in-phase perturbation, the system also is inside the
bistability window even if the amplitudes of perturbations are appreciable. For the
other cases, with increasing amplitudes the system move along the hysteresis loop,
there is a single oscillatory state, provided that the frequency is not too high. With
increasing frequency, the system has no time to jump from one state to other on the
hysteresis loop, and accordingly it again is trapped close to one of the steady-state
points.
0 17:30 P-Tu-077
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0 17:30 P-Tu-078
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0 17:30 P-Tu-079
Modern commercial devices used for controlling toxic gases are based upon the
deposition of noble metal nanoparticles on porous substrates. Among them the most
utilized for its high efficiency are the reduced dimension platinum crystals. The ef-
fect of the catalyst size on the reaction rate in the CO oxidation was studied in
this work. The technique employed was numeric simulation using the Monte Car-
lo method. The catalyst is cubic with its edge varying between 5 to 100 nm. The
crystallographic structure of each face corresponds to the Pt(100)0 s. The Pt(100)
surface presents two stable phases with structures 1x1 and hex. The Pt(100) crys-
tallizes in the 1x1 phase under 500K. The CO adsorption over the 1x1 phase induces
a structural transformation of the substrate to the hex phase. This transformation
paired with diffusion-reaction mechanisms, generates temporal oscillations of the
reaction velocity as well as on the surface coverage. The morphology of this type of
fluctuations strongly depends on the gaseous CO partial pressure. The oscillations
are irregular at low pressure; when it increases the oscillations become stable up to
a limiting value in which they disappear and the reaction velocity is nil. The system
undergoes a phase transition at this point; this points position decreases propor-
tionally to the catalyst size. It was also established quantitatively the effect of the
catalyst surface size variation on the kinetic oscillations. The correlation dimension
and frequency spectrum were calculated from the analysis of the system phase space,
which allowed measuring the irregularity of these oscillations. It was found that the
increase of the substrate catalytic efficiency is accompanied by the irregularity of
the temporal fluctuations and the reduction of the particle size.
CLACSA XIII
86 Tuesday
0 17:30 P-Tu-080
0 17:30 P-Tu-081
The effect Hall is known from 1879. This it consists of that when it settles down
a electrical current flow, to the application of a perpendicular magnetic field to the
flow, pronounces the Lorentz force, producing a potential difference or Hall voltage.
Nevertheless, only in the last decades it has gotten to be relevant by his application
to devices, which are included in many products (computers, automobiles, airships,
medical equipment, etc.). The present work we will show a methodology for the
elaboration of Hall devices from semiconductor samples for its application in the
detection of small magnetic fields, like the generated ones by the human body. In
this work present the results for intensities of magnetic field used normally in the
characterization of semiconductors materials.
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 87
0 17:30 P-Tu-082
the morphologic and structural properties of indium doped tin oxide thin films
modified electrochemically were studied. Atomic Force Microscopy shows that the
treatment strongly modifies the material morphological properties. The XRD study
presents no structural change. The surface modified electrochemically make this
materials more appropiated for their use as counter electrode in dye sensitized solar
cells.
0 17:30 P-Tu-083
Vanadium Nitride (VN) thin films were grown by reactive d.c. magnetron sput-
tering process, from a vanadium target (99.999 %) in a Ar/N2 gas mixture at dif-
ferent bias voltages. Films were deposited onto silicon [100] and RUS-3 steel sub-
strates at 400C. Structural, electrochemical and mechanical characterizations were
performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
(EIS), Tafel polarization curves and nanoindentation, respectively. X-ray diffraction
patterns show the presence of [111], [200] y [220] crystallographic orientations as-
sociated to the VN cubic phase. EIS and Tafel curves showed that the corrosion
velocity of steel, covered with a VN thin film deposited without bias voltage, dimin-
ishes 90 % compared to the steel without coating. On the other hand, when the VN
film was deposited at the highest bias voltage (-150 V), the corrosion velocity was
greater than in the steel without VN coating. This last result could be attributed
to the formation of porosities produced by the ion bombardment during the depo-
sition process. Nanoindentation measurements revealed that when the bias voltage
increases from 0 to -150V the hardness and elastic modulus diminish from 20 to 11
GPa and from 220 to 190 GPa, respectively.
CLACSA XIII
88 Tuesday
0 17:30 P-Tu-084
Stainless steels with high content of Ni and Cr, have a limited use in aerospace in-
dustries, since over 650C are susceptible to corrosion. In order to improve this issue,
a Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) of ZrO2-8 % mol Y2O3 (8YSZ) were deposited
onto AISI 304 stainless steel substrates by r.f (13.56 MHz) multi-target magnetron
sputtering. A buffer layer of Al2O3 was incorporated to improve adhesion of YSZ
monolayer to the substrate. The influence of the Al2O3/YSZ coating on the elec-
trochemical conductance and the corrosion evolution when the steels are exposed
at temperatures of 700 and 500C for 2, 4 and 6h, was examined. Electrochemical
Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements indicated that electrochemical con-
ductance diminished from 3.7x10-3 to 1.2x10-6 Siemens and the corrosion velocity
was reduced from 53.4 to 6.8 mpy, when the AISI 304 stainless steel was covered
with the Al2O3/YSZ coatings. An opposite behavior was observed after annealing
at 500 and 7000C for 2, 4 and 6 hours. The electrochemical conductance at 7000 C
after 6 hours of exposure was one order of magnitude lower (4.8 x 10-4 Simens) than
for the AISI 304 stainless steel without Al2O3/YSZ thermal barrier coatings. This
behavior of can be correlated with the thermal conductivity of these nanostructured
TBC, deposited in our conditions and determinates by other techniques.
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0 17:30 P-Tu-085
0 17:30 P-Tu-086
The optical properties in polycrystalline Al2 O3 pellets doubly doped with Ce3+
and Mn2+ ions have been analyzed. In this pellets, broad-band blue and red emis-
sions are observed under ultraviolet light excitation. The spectroscopy data obtained
clearly indicate that the energy transfer takes place from Ce3+ to Mn2+ ions. The
blue emission is due to the de-excitation of Ce3+ ions from their excited state 5d
to the split ground state 2 F. The usually weak red emission attributed to 3d →3d
de-excitation of Mn2+ is enhanced through an efficient energy transfer from Ce3+ to
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90 Tuesday
Mn2+ ions. From spectroscopic data it can also be inferred that the energy transfer
is nonradiative in nature and it takes place between Ce3+ -Mn2+ clusters formed in
the pellets through a short-range interaction mechanism. This ion clustering could
be useful for the design of efficient conversion phosphors of ultraviolet to blue and
green light. The structural, morphology and chemical composition characteristics of
the Al2 O3 :Ce3+ :Mn2+ pellets are also presented.
0 17:30 P-Tu-087
With the aim of improving the industrials applications of the TiN were designed
Ti/TiN multilayer hard coatings with thickness between 2.5 and 3.0 um were de-
posited by the r.f. magnetron sputtering multitarget set up of the Tecnological and
Development Center ASTIN. In order to determine the influence of the bilayers num-
ber and type of substrate on mechanical properties of deposited multilayer system,
Ti/TiN coatings with 5, 10 15 and 20 bilayers were grown on to steel AISI 4140,
AISI 5160, S600 and silicon (100) substrates. The Ti/TiN multilayers were deposited
by alternated variation of nitrogen gas flow in to the chamber. Chemical composi-
tion and phase analysis were investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
(EDX) and X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), respectively. The microstructure
and topography were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atom-
ic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scratch test and microindentation measurements were
used to evaluate the thickness, adherence and hardness of the coatings. An adher-
ence and hardness improvement were observed by increasing the bilayers number
of the coatings, obtained the highest performance by the hard coating multilayer
grown on to steel AISI 5160 substrates, which represents an improvement of 73 %
in hardness.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-088
The progress in the field of spin-based electronics critically depends on the devel-
opment of new semiconductors exhibiting room temperature ferromagnetism. Oxide
diluted magnetic semiconductors belongs to this class of materials and within this
family, the transition metal doped SnO2 is a promising candidate. Different methods
for producing this material either as thin films or powders have been explored up to
date. However, very few works have used the mechanical alloying [1]. In this work,
iron-doped SnO2 powders were prepared by mechanical alloying in a planetary ball
mill Fristch Pulverisette 5 and using SnO2 and metallic iron ( ;-Fe) as precursors.
The influence of different milling conditions on the structural and magnetic proper-
ties of the products were investigated. Powder to ball weight ratio (1:20, and 1:40);
milling time (6, 12, 18 and 24 hours); rotation speed of the supporting disc (250
and 390 rpm) and concentration of the dopant (1, 4 and 8 at %) were considered
as variables. All the milling processes were performed at room temperature and at-
mospheric pressure. Additionally an analysis was made of the structural evolution
of the pure SnO2 submitted to milling. The Msbauer spectra of all the samples
consisted of one doublet and a sextet. The parameters of the doublet were assigned
to the presence of Fe3+ in octahedral sites, which suggest substitution of the Fe
by the Sn in the SnO2 structure. In the sample with a nominal Fe concentration
of 4 at. %, and milled during 12 hours, an additional doublet was observed, whose
parameters suggested the presence of Fe2+. Rodriguez Torres and coauthors [1]
suggested the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+ oxidation states for the milled samples of
SnO2 with #945;-Fe, which would correspond to substituted iron ions with different
environments. On the other hand, the parameters of the sextet, detect the presence
of #945;-Fe, corresponding to that part of the powder that was not incorporated
into the SnO2 structure.
[1] C. E. Rodruez Torres, A. F. Cabrera and F. H. Sánchez. Physica B 389 (2007)
176-179
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-089
Fe-doped TiO2 powders were obtained by mechanical alloying using the plane-
tary ball mill Fritsch Pulverisette 5. The starting materials were anatase TiO2 and
metallic iron (α-Fe). The influence of different milling conditions such as: ball to
powder weight ratio (20:1, 40:1); milling time (6, 12, 18 and 24 hours); rotation
velocity of supporting disc (250 and 390 rpm) and dopant concentration ( 1, 4 and
8 at %) on the structural and magnetic properties were investigated. The structural
evolution of mechanically alloyed pure TiO2 was also analysed. All experiments were
performed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The milled powders were
characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) using Rietveld refinement and room tem-
perature Mössbauer spectrometry. The XRD patterns of all samples show broad
lines due to the diminution of the grain size and to the increment of the lattice
strain and evidence the coexistence of both anatase and rutile phases and also the
high-pressure srilankite phase. Msbauer spectra reveal the presence of Fe2+ and Fe3+
states as well as α-Fe in samples obtained from metallic iron. The Fe3+ contribution
could be attributed to Fe incorporated in the TiO2 structure and the Fe2+ can be
assigned to surface ferrous ions in the TiO2 .
0 17:30 P-Tu-090
Ferroelectric Properties of
CoFe2O4/Ba0.90La0.067Tio.91Zr0.09O3 Composite Thin
Films
E. Delgado1 , C. Ostos2 , M. L. Martı́nez-Sarrión3 , L. Mestres3 , D. Lederman4 , P.
Prieto5
1
Grupo de Peliculas Delgadas, Departamento de Fı́sica, Universidad del Valle,
Cali, Colombia.
2
Grupo de Fisica de Nuevos Materiales, Universidad Nacional Bogota, Colombia.
Universitat de Barcelona, España..
3
Grupo de Quimica del Estado Solido, Universidad Nacional Bogota, Colombia.
Universitat de Barcelona, España..
4
Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
5
Excellence Center for Novel Materials.
Multifunctional materials in which two or all three ferroic order parameters coex-
ist in the same phase, are currently gaining more and more attention. In particular,
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 93
those wherein magnetic and ferroelectric order occur simultaneously. In the present
work we report the ferroelectric behavior in CoF e2 O4 /Ba0 .90La0 .067T i0 .91Zr0 .09O3
(CFO/BLZT) composite thin films. Such system was deposited on single-crystal
SrTiO3 (100) substrates by RF-magnetron sputtering under high oxygen pressure
atmosphere at substrates temperatures around 870 K. The films have been character-
ized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling of the constituent elements
The surface roughness and morphology were studied by atomic force microscopy
(AFM). Electrical characterization was carried out by P-E hysteresis loops and
leakage current density as function of applied voltage across Au/CFO/BLZT/STO
capacitors structures. We found that the CFO is intermixed with the BLZT, and
CFO is phase separated into BLZT matrix to form a composite film The coupling be-
tween the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic order parameters has been demonstrated
through the reduction of ferroelectric polarization when measured under an applied
magnetic field.
0 17:30 P-Tu-091
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0 17:30 P-Tu-092
0 17:30 P-Tu-093
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0 17:30 P-Tu-094
The dynamic of vortexes inside type II superconductor thin films in the mixed
state, that is, under their critical temperature and immersed in a DC magnetic field
below its critical value, can be studied by means of the measurement of flux-flow
noise, generated by jumps of fluxons inside and outside a pick-up coil located on
the thin film. The change in the magnetic flux in the coil can be measured like a
very small voltage, and the frequency spectrum of the signal can be analyzed. We
measure the response of the system for different frequency excitations generated by
a lock-in amplifier and different magnetic field magnitudes, for thin films of YBCO
.
0 17:30 P-Tu-095
We have developed a tandem solar cell by wafer bonding a p-n GaAs/AlGaAs sub
cell with p-n InGaAsSb sub cell, in order to take advantage of the visible and infrared
parts of the solar spectrum. Fusions at different temperatures were studied. Cross-
sectional scanning electron microscopy reveals that the interface is composed of a
regular array of two sets of edge dislocations. If a twist is created due to misalignment
of the two substrates, the dislocations are not edge dislocations but also have a screw
component. Analysis of the thermal diffusivity of these interfaces demonstrates the
role that the union plays in heat transport in these systems as a function of the
temperature used in the bonding process. The thermal diffusivity measurements
were carried out by means of the photoacoustic technique in a heat transmission
configuration. The thermal diffusivity degrades significantly below 500C, although
mechanically stable junctions were obtained at temperature of 400C
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-096
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Tu-097
Tin oxide and indium films grown onto a soda lime substrate by reactive ca-
thodic pulverization, with a thickness of 100 to 150 nm, were characterized by their
optical properties from the transmittance an brewster angle measurements in the
region of VIS and near IR. The refraction index and dielectric constants were cal-
culated in terms of the wave length and the thickness. The measurements obtained
were studied and compared with those obtained by the methods of transmission
spectrum, Brewster angle measurement and differential reflectance. For films with
thickness lower than 100 nm the measurement of the refraction index by means of
this angle showed to be a method that enhances remarkably the error in the thick-
ness calculation. The differential reflectance analytical method, suggested to ideally
characterize the film growth is based on the Rp reflectivity changes very near the
Brewster angle of the substrate. It is proposed that these changes are enough to
determine the refraction index and the film thickness. To the signal, reflectance and
transmittance data analysis, the calculations are processed by the transform based
on Legendre polynomial expansions. The study covers the multiple reflections and
the momenta methods to determine the error measurement.
0 17:30 P-Tu-098
Laser ablation of a high purity (99.7 %) iron target was used to deposit iron
nanoparticles on the (0001) face of single crystal sapphire wafers. The deposit was
CLACSA XIII
98 Tuesday
carried out in steps; in each step a certain amount of iron was deposited and imme-
diately after, the deposition is characterized in-situ by X-ray Photoelectron Spec-
troscopy (XPS). At the end of each step, the fresh deposit is used as the substrate for
the next step. The total number of pulses used in this deposition was 600. Some sam-
ples were duplicated on dimpled substrate, in order to allow for the nanoparticles to
be observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The growth mechanism
was determined by applying the QUASES-Tougaard methodology to the extended
part of the background intensity of the Fe KMM peak in XPS spectra. An island
growth mechanism is proposed for the initial growth of Fe on sapphire. After 600
laser pulses the islands coalesce to form a continuous film. The heights of nanoparti-
cles obtained are between 3.5 and 6.5 nm. In the first 150 laser pulses, the heights of
nanoparticles remain constant. After 150 pulses the heights increase with the num-
ber of laser pulses. The amount of iron deposited (AID), defined as the product of
the height of nanoparticles with its respective coverage, increases with the number
of pulses up to 150 pulses and after that amount the AID was observed to remain
constant. At 150 laser pulses the coverage is estimated to be 81.5 % of the sapphire
surface. The heights of nanoparticles determined by XPS are similar to the diameter
of nanoparticles obtained by TEM measurements, indicating that the nanoparticles
are likely to show spherical symmetry.
0 17:30 P-Tu-099
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Tuesday 99
on top of them were almost unaffected when deposition parameters were varied.
Chemical composition was near, but not equal, to chemical composition of target
material (Ti6Al4V). On the other hand, thin films hardness was around 10.0 GPa.
That hardness values were obtained using a maximum load of 5.0 mN in a instru-
mented nanoindentation equipment, this implemented with a Berkovitch diamond
tip. Qualitative adherence of thin films on the steel substrate as well as thin film
fracture toughness were analyzed by SEM examination on top of samples submitted
to Rockwell C indentations test (macro-hardness tests where the indenter is conical
and the maximum load is 150 kgf). A rather high toughness of the films as well
as a rather good adherence were observed. That both qualitative toughness and
adherence where significantly modified when deposition parameters were varied.
The results observed regarding porous distribution on top of the thin films, hard-
ness and qualitative adherence are explained based on the main physical phenomena
controlling the deposition process, this as a function of deposition pressure and plas-
ma power. In addition, the technological role of observed hardness and structure of
the thin films is discussed aiming biomedical applications, primarily the processing
of bio-implant materials.
0 17:30 P-Tu-100
Research on the so called complex systems has increased significantly in the last
decades. The dynamic of these systems is characterized among other aspects, by
presenting oscillations, kinetic phase transitions and the formation of dissipative
structures. The chemical reactions catalyzed by surfaces, metallic in general, often
present this type of behavior. Among these reactions the oxidation of CO is one of
those arising great interest from the scientific community because of environmen-
tal concerns and, in particular, because of the need to eliminate polluting chemical
products such as CO, nitrous oxides and some light hydrocarbons, among others.
The production of these types of pollutants is mainly associated to the internal com-
bustion of engines used in the automotive industry. In this work, the kinetic reaction
2CO+O2 → 2CO2 on Pt nanoparticles was studied using the Monte Carlo simula-
tion method. The particles have a rectangular truncated pyramid geometrical shape
and show surfaces with structures (1x2) and (1x1) with phases α and β, respective-
ly. The reaction is considered to follow a Langmuir-Hinshelwood type mechanism.
The CO2 production rate depends on the CO partial pressure Pco, and it presents
two critical points ξ1 and ξ2 that define a reactive zone. The production of CO2 is
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zero outside this interval. The surface of the catalyst, in steady state and within the
interval [ξ1 , ξ2 ], is partially coated with particles of CO and O. The adsorbates are
arranged on the surface forming fractal structures. This work determines using the
box counting method the Haussdorff dimension D of the adsorbate distribution in
the reactive zone. As a function of Pco; D varies in the range [1.0, 2.0]. This function
is greatly affected when the CO diffusion and desorption processes are considered.
0 17:30 P-Tu-101
In this work, we present theoretical calculation for the exciton binding energy in
GaAs/Ga1−x Alx As quantum wells. Results are obtained in the effective mass approx-
imation and using a variational procedure. The intraexcitonic transition energies,
and the corresponding oscillator strength, are discussed for the 1s, 2s, 2px , 2pz , 3s,
3px , and 3pz -like states. The expectation value for the electron-hole distance in the
growth direction of the well and the expectation value of the electron-hole distance
in its transverse direction are calculated. Moreover, we study the effects of hydro-
static pressure on the excitonic system. Our results are compared with previous
experimental and theoretical findings.
0 17:30 P-Tu-102
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0 17:30 P-Tu-103
0 17:30 P-Tu-104
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epilayers with incident light. The activation energy was obtained from the correlation
between the light frecuency and the threshold current, and the dependence of the
line shape with the current intensity was analyzed.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This work was partially supported by the Universi-
dad del Quind and by the Excellence Center for Novel Materials (CENM), under
Contract No. 043-2005 subscribed with Colciencias.
0 17:30 P-Tu-105
Since the decade of the 80s, considerable interest had been devoted to the growth
of heterostructures based on lattice mismatch epitaxial layers in order to improved
device performance and obtain new properties. Among strained semiconductors
structures Inx Ga1−x As/GaAs (lattice mismatch 0 % to 7.2 %) has been one of the
most studied systems for its potential applications in both microwave and optoelec-
tronic technologies.
The aim of this work is to study ex situ the surface morphology, the periodicity and
elemental composition of a set of 3 InGaAs-GaAs heterostructures grown on GaAS
(100) substrate by a molecular beam epitaxy system (MBE). The heterostructures
are formed by 10 periods of InGaAs-GaAs epitaxially grown on GaAs substrate with
nominal thickness of 500 and 1000 respectively. The techniques used for this pur-
pose are the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy
(AES) in combination with and Ar ion beam sputtering system. We present results
from three growth rums A, B, and C. SEM micrographs show different surface mor-
phologies of the samples. To observe by SEM the periodicity of the constituent thin
films of the heterostructures, the etching solution NH2 OH:H2 O2 :H2 O (1:5:25) was
used. The etching rate of this solution is greater for the GaAs than for the InGaAs
alloy therefore, grooves patterns were produced on the perpendicular sides of each
heteroestructures. By means of Auger depth profiles recorded from the
CLACSA XIII
Tuesday 103
0 17:30 P-Tu-106
Infrared spectroscopy technique with attenuated total reflectance has been used
to study the decolourization of remazol blue dye by laccase. This enzyme is a cop-
per containing polyphenol oxidase which has been tested as a potential alternative
in detoxification of environmental pollutants such as dyes present in wastewaters
generated for the textile industry. In order to ensure degradation or avoid formation
of toxic compounds it is important to establish the mechanism by which laccase
oxidazes dyes. In this work we have analyzed the FTIR spectra of degradation prod-
ucts of remazol blue dye, obtained as a result of the oxidative activity of enzyme
laccase. Individual spectra have been recorded for several reaction times at room
temperature during four weeks, obtaining a diminishing in intensity of the most
intense bands from remazol blue dye. Some of these bands are associated mainly
to anthraquinone and sulphonic functional groups. Such decreasing of the intensity
of IR bands is consistent with a similar behaviour observed in spectrophotometric
UV visible measurements, whose main absorption band is located at 600 nm. Dur-
ing the reaction several parameters as enzyme concentration, pH and temperature
play an important role for the formation of products as the reaction time increas-
es. This decolourization process of remazol blue dye by laccase enzyme might in a
future replace the traditionally high chemical, energy and water consuming textile
operations.
0 17:30 P-Tu-107
Vanadium and its compounds play an important role in materials science. Among
others, Vanadium oxides are used for significant applications in the field of hydrocar-
bon catalysis whereas Vanadium alloys including V-silicides serve as components in
material engineering (magnetism, metal-ceramic materials, etc). These compounds
exhibit a broad variety of electronic, magnetic and structural properties, includ-
ing high melting point, high hardness, strength, thermal stability, excellent wear
CLACSA XIII
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and corrosion resistance. In this work, we report the initial adsorption process of
vanadium on Si(111) 7x7 surface from 160K up to 850K using scanning tunneling
microscopy (STM). The vanadium clusters have a preferential adsorption site in the
faulted halves. Some clusters in the faulted and the unfaulted halves exhibit differ-
ent features which indicate the different adsorption energy and chemical activity of
the two half-cells. For the annealed clusters we observed a characteristic star shape
and at a particular voltage protrusions which suggest the vanadium atom position.
Severe spectroscopy effects were observed that might indicate a spontaneous sili-
cide interface formation as our initial theoretical calculations results suggest. The
formation mechanism and possible structures are discussed.
0 17:30 P-Tu-108
During last years a explosion of research into the design and fabrication of pho-
tonic crystals [1] with complete photonic band gap has inspired a wealth of po-
tential telecommunication applications, including waveguides, channel drop filters,
and omnidirectional reflectors. In particular, the modes arising in a photonic crystal
consisting in a binary system of polar rods immersed in a homogeneous dielectric
medium were considered [2]. In the particular case of photonic crystals contain-
ing superconductor slabs [3] there exists a low-frequency plasma gap associated to
the non-zero density of superconductor carriers, and a photon-superelectron hybrid
mode around the polariton gap. In the present communication, on the basis of the
linear response theory, we calculate the components of the electromagnetic propa-
gator of a non magnetic system, consisting of alternating superconductor-dielectric
slabs of different thicknesses in the case when one of the layers breakes the transla-
tional symmetry. The photonic band structure and the corresponding power spectra
are studied from the poles and the imaginary part of the electromagnetic propa-
gator. It is shown that, for a given lattice period, when the superconducting slab
occupies a major percentage of the unitary cell of the photonic crystal, the num-
ber of bands in a fixed range of frequencies diminishes, the intervals of forbidden
frequencies decrease and the respective allowed bands present a strong dependence
with the wave quasivector. Additionally, as well as the London penetration length
decreases, the bands become less dispersive, which indicates the role played by the
superconductor slabs in the coupling of neighbour unit cells. Key Words: Photonic
crystals, photonic band gap, superconductor materials, optic materials.
[1] E. Istrate and E. H. Sargent, Rev. Mod. Phys, 78, 455 (2006).
[2] K.C. Huang, P.Bienstman, J.D. Joannopoulos, and K.A. Nelson, Phys. Rev. B
68, 075209 (2003)
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[3] H. Takeda, K. Yoshino, A.A. Zakhidov, Phys. Rev. B 70, 085109 (2004); Chien-
Jang Wu a, Mei-Soong Chen, Tzong-Jer Yang, Physica C 432 , 133 (2005)
0 17:30 P-Tu-109
0 17:30 P-Tu-110
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0 17:30 P-Tu-111
Magnetic and mechanical changes of heat and plasma treated amorphous 2605S3A
Fe-based alloy studied by several techniques. The diversity of applications of mag-
netic alloys has generated interest in the study of their mechanical, magnetic and
electric properties variations with different treatments. In this work, the changes
in microhardness and Msbauer parameters of heat and plasma treated amorphous
2605S3A iron-based alloy are analyzed. In a vacuum of 7x10-7 Torr, the alloy sam-
ples were heat treated between 296 and 813 K in steps of 25 and 50 K during 20
minutes each. The experimental results showed a slow increase in Hyperfine mag-
netic field and fluctuation in Vickers microhardness around 11 % up to 749 K; also,
an increase around 35 % in microhardness at 813 K. In a chamber at 2.3 mTorr in
an oxygen atmosphere, a glow discharge between two copper electrodes separated
2 cm was produced. The sample was hold over the cathode keeping the discharge
during 10 hours, and simultaneously the emission spectra of plasma was obtained.
The voltage was varying from 350 to 600 volts and the current from 250 to 300
mA. After this treatment, the microhardness increased to 867.4 GPa (7.8 %). The
experimental results obtained after the sample is subjected to higher currents and
other gases also will be presented. In order to monitor the phase transition from
amorphous to crystalline state X-ray diffraction was used.
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(2006), 701-706.
[4] F. Fonthal, T. Trifonov, A. Rodruez, L.F. Marsal, J. Pallar. Proceeding EDS05
IMAPS CS, 1 (2005), p. 294 299.
[5] F. Fonthal, T. Trifonov, A. Rodruez, C. Goyes, L.F. Marsal, J. FerrBorrul, J. Pal-
lar. Accepted to Iberoamerican Conference on Optics(RIAO), Latinamerican meet-
ing on Optics, Lasers and Applications(OPTILAS) (2007).
0 17:30 P-Tu-114
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0 17:30 P-Tu-115
0 17:30 P-Tu-116
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0 17:30 P-Tu-117
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0 17:30 P-Tu-118
0 17:30 P-Tu-119
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atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electric potential microscopy (SEPM)
respectively. AZO thin films were deposited on glass substrate by r.f. magnetron
sputtering, using a commercial target (diameter 7.62 cm) with small aluminum
plates disposed in its surface. All depositions procedures were started after the cham-
ber reaches a pressure of 8.0 x 10−4 Pa. The AZO thin films were deposited at room
temperature using the following parameters: Ar gas flow of 16.9 sccm; r.f. power
density was varied from 6.56 to 39.37 W cm−2 ; pressure was varied from 0.8 to 8.0
Pa and 5 cm of separation between the target and substrate. The AFM topography
images analyses of AZO thin films shown a microcrystalline structure continuous
and dense for all r.f. power densities and deposition pressures used. The surface
grain size tends to be bigger when r.f. power density increases, due to high kinetic
energy of the particles. High r.f. power densities allow that the deposited parti-
cles grow with bigger grain, improving thus the surface state density and obtaining
more compact films. SEPM images shown bright regions that indicate regions of
the sample with higher potential gradient, i.e., those surrounding depletion regions
are particularly suggestive of arrays formed by aluminum atoms segregated to grain
boundaries. Aluminum atoms segregated creates a localized impurity state in the
grain boundary and acts as a donor dopant. The resulting charge accumulation at
the grain boundary together with the presence of local bonds that are metallic in
character will influence the mechanism for charge transport across the interface.
Also, it is noted that at high dopant concentrations, many carriers are trapped at
the grain boundary and this become charged create potential barrier that limits the
electron mobility in aluminum doped thin films.
0 17:30 P-Tu-120
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quantum dots are that there is no control over their positioning and it is not possi-
ble to determine a priori their exact emission wavelength. Therefore, the tuning of a
quantum dot emission with the nanocavity in which it is embedded relies basically
on luck. This is specially critical for photonic crystals, due to the very low photonic
mode volumes achieved in these nanocavities. Some solutions have been proposed
for this problem. For example, Hennessy et al. (Nature vol. 445, p. 896, 2007) use
atomic force microscopy to locate each quantum dot in a low density sample and
then micro-photoluminescence to determine the energy of its excitonic emission,
prior to fabrication of the photonic crystal nanocavity. This and other proposals
have the disadvantage that it is not possible to determine previously the operation
wavelength and position of the desired device, instead both are determined after
dot growth. In this work, we propose a method to precisely locate self-assembled
quantum dots before growth and, in addition, to better control the emission wave-
lengths of self-assembled quantum dots. We use the technique of anodic oxidation
nanolithography to pattern layers of InP and GaAs. The tip of an atomic force mi-
croscope is used to generate InP (GaAs) oxide nanodots at the sample surface. After
removal of the oxide nanodots the holes left in the surface act as nucleation centers
for self-assembled dot growth. The size, and consequently emission energy, of each
quantum dot can be controlled to some extent by the size of the nano-holes, which
depend on the oxidation parameters, and also by adjusting the growth parameters
of the quantum dots. We report the characterization of several samples produced in
this way, with dots of different sizes and morphologies. We also report on the optical
characterization of the self-assembled quantum dots thus fabricated.
0 17:30 P-Tu-121
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was at 8W and 14W. Also, the annealing effect on grain size and roughness was
studied. As deposited SiC films showed recrystallization effect after laser annealing.
Key words: Silicon carbide, Sputtering, Nanolayers, CO2 laser annealing
0 17:30 P-Tu-123
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0 17:30 P-Tu-124
CLACSA XIII
Wednesday 117
Plenary
1 08:30 Pl-We-5
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Invited Talks
1 09:30 In-We-9
2 09:30 In-We-10
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is actually measured and I comment about the conceptual difficulties involved in such
results as well as the importance and applications of these measurements in a great
variety of systems. Then I define as an effective electromagnetic response in these
kind of systems as the one related only to the coherent (average) component of the
electromagnetic field. In order to perform the calculation of this response I use a
model consisting of randomly located identical spheres and show that it exhibits
a non local behavior (spatial dispersion). I show that besides a nonlocal dielectric
response there is also a nonlocal magnetic permeability, assuring the existence of
a legitimate magnetic response in the optical frequency range. Thus our results
clarify the conceptual problems related to the optical magnetic response of colloids
with nonmagnetic constituents. I then derive, from the dispersion relation of the
transverse modes, a frequency-dependent effective index of refraction and conclude
that due to its nonlocal nature, its use is restricted only to the description of wave
propagation, that is, it cannot be used as an usual index of refraction in continuum
electrodynamics to calculate quantities like energy transport in the bulk or reflection
amplitudes from a flat interface. Finally, I show some possible alternatives to treat
the reflection problem within an effective-medium approach, and warn about the
abusive use of the effective index of refraction in dealing with this problem.
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Oral reports
1 10:00 OR-We-14
2 10:00 OR-We-14
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1 10:20 OR-We-15
Ethylene Glycol (EG) with Au/Pd nanoparticles were prepared in a solution. Us-
ing a thermal lens (TL) experimental setup, the thermal diffusivity of EG in presence
of Au/Pd nanoparticles with different concentration was measured. The results show
that, the thermal diffusivity of EG mixed with Au/Pd nanoparticles increases with
the increase of the metallic particle concentration, enhancing the thermal diffusivi-
ty in the solution. The thermal diffusivity of the samples was studied for different
concentration of Metal(Au/Pd) /EG. From the TL spectroscopy signal intensity it
was possible to determinate the characteristic time constant of the transient thermal
by fitting the theoretical expression, for transient thermal lens, to the experimental
data. From this characteristic time, it was obtained the thermal diffusivity for each
solution. UV-Vis spectroscopy and TEM were used to characterize the EG with
Au/Pd nanoparticles.
2 10:20 OR-We-15
Optical properties of Zr and ZrO2 films in the energy range from 1.6 to 100 eV
were obtained by quantitative analysis of reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy
(REELS) and ellipsometry. The films were prepared on (111) silicon substrates by
reactive laser ablation using a zirconium target. For the growth of ZrO2 film a
pressure of 5 mTorr of oxygen in the growth chamber was used. The substrate
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temperature during the deposition was 400C. The deposits were studied ex-situ by X-
ray diffraction and in-situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and REELS.
The films were polycrystalline with orthorhombic structure. The XPS results showed
that the oxygen pressure used is the optimal control to produce ZrO2 films by laser
ablation. A gap of 5 eV for the ZrO2 film was measured by REELS
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Invited Talks
1 11:10 In-We-11
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2 11:10 In-We-12
1 11:40 In-We-13
MechanismofunfoldingbyForce:
InsightfromQuasi-EquilibriumMolecular
DynamicsCalculations
G. Pabon1
1
Universidad Javeriana and Departmentof Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
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weakened bonds allow a single water molecule to make H-bonds to the CO and the
NH of the same backbone H-bond while they are still bound to each other.
The backbone H-bond then breaks (distance > 3.6 Å), but its donor and acceptor
atoms remain bound to the same water molecule. Further separation of the chains
takes place when a second water molecule makes an H-bond with either the protein
backbone donor or acceptor atom. Thus, the force does not directly break the main
chain H-bonds: it destabilizes them in such a way that they are replaced by H-bonds
to water. With this mechanism, the force necessary to break all the H-bonds required
to separate the two strands will be strongly dependent on the pulling speed. Further
simulations carried out at low forces but long waiting times (> 500 ps, < 10 ns)
show that, given enough time, even a very small pulling force (,400 pN) is sufficient
to destabilize the interstrand H-bonds and allow them to be replaced by H-bonds to
two water molecules. As expected, increasing the temperature to 350 K allows the
interstrand H-bonds to break at lower forces than those required at 300 K.
2 11:40 In-We-14
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Wednesday 127
of these three phases are different in the different samples. The N 1s spectra showed
always a main component at 396.7-397.5 eV which is due to Nb-N bonds. Some
other contributions appearing at higher binding energies were also observed and we
associate them with the presence of N-O bonds.
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Oral reports
1 12:10 OR-We-16
Results on heat current, entropy production rate and entanglement are reported
for a quantum system formed by two interacting qubits in thermal contact with
different temperature reservoirs. The aim of the present work is to correlate ther-
modynamical non- equilibrium steady- state features with entanglement properties
of this nanosystem. By applying a temperature gradient and using the concurrence
to evaluate the entanglement, different quantum states can be found with exactly
the same amount of entanglement but different purity degrees and heat currents.
Interesting cases, like symetric case, where the splitting of the qubits has the same
value, and the non symetric case, are presented in both, strong and weak coupling
limits. Furthermore a non equilibrium enhancement- suppression transition behavior
of the entanglement is identified.
2 12:10 OR-We-16
Silicon Carbide (SiC) nano-scale films were deposited on silicon and quartz sub-
strates using a Magnetron Sputtering system with SiC target. Aim of this work is to
present an alternative method for as-deposited silicon carbide nano-scale processing
based on CO2 laser irradiation. (Wavelength = 10.6 um). All the films were pre-
pared in order to obtain a thickness of 100 nm. The combined effects of deposition
pressure and RF-DC discharge power and CO2 laser annealing (power and time)
on the film microstructure was investigated by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
(XPS), Glazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-VIS-NIR Absorption and
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). It has been found that the microstructure of these
materials can be controlled by CO2 laser power and irradiation time. The presence
of SiC and SiC/SiC mixtures phases was confirmed when annealing laser power was
at 8W and 14W. Also, the annealing effect on grain size and roughness was studied.
As deposited SiC films showed recrystallization effect after laser annealing.
CLACSA XIII
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Plenary
1 08:30 Pl-Th-6
We review in this work the possible mechanisms that promote localization length
enhancement or even metal-insulator transitions in low dimensional systems based
on self assembling processes. We specifically address a quasi one dimensional system,
namely double strand DNA chains, as well as two dimensional examples: self assem-
bled quantum dot systems and the recently synthetized DNA square grids. Further
possibilities are briefly discussed, in special the localization problem in Graphene
based devices.
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Invited Talks
1 09:30 In-Th-15
2 09:30 In-Th-16
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Oral reports
1 10:00 OR-Th-17
2 10:00 OR-Th-17
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modulus, M (), has been fitted with a stretched exponential function of the
form [2]. By increasing temperature, ionic conductivity values of a prototype sample
with concentration 0.9PVOH-0.1LiClO4/0.07Al2O3 change significantly and the ex-
ponent n is found to decrease from n = 0.6 to n = 0.4. These results point to weaker
correlation effects among lithium atoms when the temperature is increased. Tem-
perature dependence of lithium conductivity parameters (0, p
and 1/) follow the empirical Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) model, exp
(-B/(T-T0)), where B is a pseudo activation energy required for the free volume
redistribution and T0 is generally related to the glass transition temperature of the
polymer blend, Tg = T0 +  (50    70 K) [3].
Thus, this result suggests the contribution of polymer chain relaxation to ionic hop-
ping.
1 10:20 OR-Th-18
2 10:20 OR-Th-18
Boundary conditions (BC) to the Poisson and transport equations for station-
ary transport processes of nonequilibrium carriers in semiconductor structures are
formulated. The applicability of the resulting boundary conditions for several materi-
als (metals, bipolar semiconductors, including ones in the quasineutrality approach,
QNA) and their structures are analyzed for both closed and open circuits. As a first
CLACSA XIII
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step, general BC for different types of contacts between two materials and between a
solid and the vacuum under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions are thoroughly
discussed. Later on, BCs are presented for the general case of a contact between a
solid (this contact is considered as a free-surface in a broad sense) and the vacuum
under non-equilibrium conditions. The concept of free-surface, and its BCs, can be
extended and applied to other interfaces such as semiconductor-insulator that has
a large interest in Electronics. Finally, the case of a hetero-contact between two
conducting media under a current flow is addressed and it is found that BCs for
closed-circuit conditions are a limiting case when the current flow is set to zero. In
all the cases here considered the changes operated in the BCs if the QNA is invoked
are carefully studied.
1 11:10 OR-Th-19
Currently one of the concerns in the orthodontic practice goes to reduce the
sliding resistance between brackets and archwires, one of the solutions for this specific
problem is modified the surfaces involved in the sliding. In this study the purpose
was to compare the sliding and wear patterns in bracket/wire orthodontics couples
using ceramic and metallic bracket and Stainless Steel wires with and without glass
coatings applied by sol-gel process. Sixty specimens of wires were evaluated and
grouped by composition of brackets Inyected Austenitic Stainless Steel and Sapphire
Monocrystaline Brackets. The sliding force were applied using a Testresources testing
machine at 21 C room temperature in dry state. Materials characterization pre
and post-test was done under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Optical
Microscopy. Finally results showed an abrasive wear patterns in the Sol-Gel glass
coating, associated with an increase in the sliding resistence force. The stainless steel
wires group (CONTROL) showed the lowest values for static friction force, followed
by the glass coated steel wires group (SOLGEL). Ceramic brackets group showed
the higher frictional force, followed by the inyected stainless steel brackets group.
The performance evaluation of the surfaces was a meaningful study to re-evaluated
the necessaries properties of glass coatings, and also the obtaining process.
Key words: Abrasive wear, sliding resistence force, Sol-Gel, glass coating, stainless
steel
CLACSA XIII
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2 11:10 OR-Th-19
In this work we present the analysis of the X-ray diffraction of GaInAsSb semi-
conductor films grown by liquid phase epitaxy, over GaSb substrates with (100)
crystallographic orientation. The X-ray diffraction patterns obtained with a θ − 2θ
Bragg-Brentano configuration exhibit two main peaks which correspond to substrate
crystalline structure. The presence of some other low intensity peaks is associated
to metallic clusters in the surface of the samples. The deconvolution of (400) peak
evidences the discrepancies due to the film between the single crystal peak report-
ed and the experimental peak. In order to minimize the substrate contributions,
grazing-angle measurements were performed. The diffraction peaks obtained are not
due to phases formed by binary compounds as these peaks can not be attributed to
any of the possible four binary compounds formed with the quaternary constitutive
elements. It is evidenced a crystalline phase and its structure was modeled by using
CaRIne software. We used these results to calculate the mismatch between layer and
substrate. This study was accomplished by varying the incident grazing angles.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This work was partially supported by the Universi-
dad del Quind and by the Excellence Center for Novel Materials (ECNM), under
Contract No. 043-2005 subscribed with Colciencias.
1 11:30 OR-Th-20
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investigate analytically the behavior of the collapsing condensate within the frame-
work of a time-dependent nonlinear mean field Gross-Pitaevskii equation, suitable
to describe the dynamics of the order parameter (t) of a BEC magnetically trapped
in a harmonic three-dimensional potential. Two and three-body inelastic collisions
which remove atoms from the condensate are included. By using a variational ap-
proach based on dAlemberts principle and suitable for non-conservative systems we
demonstrate that a Gaussian ansatz captures this pulse-like behavior by simulating
numerically the variational equations that determine the temporal behavior of the
order parameter (t).
2 11:30 OR-Th-20
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1 11:50 OR-Th-21
The investigation of the surface corrosion products (rust) formed on steels con-
stitutes a fundamental theme in the field of corrosion science, since their protective
ability depends not only on the rust constituents but also on their different physical
properties. The morphology, nanometric grain sizes and some cationic substitutions
have been reported as determinant characteristics for proper performance of the
steels. These investigations have resulted in the development of different steels that
can be used in structural applications without painting. In the present work, we
have investigated some physical properties of iron oxide nanophases formed on steel
surfaces submitted to total immersion tests. The chloride concentration in the so-
lution, the type of steel, and the immersion time were considered as variables. The
corrosion products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance Fouri-
er transform infrared and Micro-Raman spectroscopies as well as by Mössbauer
spectrometry. The iron phases which stay bounded to the metal surface, so-called
adherent rust (AR) and the iron phases which are loosely bounded to the metal
surface and dispersed into the solutions, so-called non-adherent rust (NAR), were
carefully studied. Non-stoichiometric magnetite nanoparticles were detected in all
AR samples formed on carbon steels (CS) independent upon the immersion time
and the chloride concentration. In addition, magnetite was only detected in the
NAR formed on CS after 14 days of immersion independent upon the chloride con-
centration. In contrast, magnetite was detected neither in the AR nor in the NAR
of weathering steels. These results suggest that the alloying composition greatly in-
fluences the formation of magnetite. On the other hand, goethite, lepidocrocite and
akaganeite of nanometric sizes were found in all NAR of both steels. The effect of
the different variables on the vibrational, morphological, magnetical and structural
characteristics of the different iron phases is presented and discussed.
CLACSA XIII
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2 11:50 OR-Th-21
A study of the influence of the laser power on to the optical properties of MoO3
thin films is presented at this work. Samples were prepared by the laser evaporation
technique using a CO2 laser working at continuous wave. The films were prepared
in a oxygen atmosphere of 6.2 x 10-3 Torr at laser powers ranging between 1.21 and
3.26 W/mm2, substrate temperature of 350 oC and deposit times of 40 minutes.
MoO3 Samples were characterized by XRD and transmittance at the visible spec-
trum. It was observed an evolution of the crystal structure from the MoO3 to the
mixed phases of MoO3 as the laser power is increased. The transmittance spectra
show absorption in all the evaluated region (NUV, Visible and NIR), The strong
absorption at the NUV is due to the material gaps which is shifted to short wave-
lengths as the laser power is increases, this behavior may be due to an increase in
the oxygen vacancies quantity as the laser power is increased.
1 12:10 OR-Th-22
Interest on the study of the electronic structure of thin metal films adsorbed on
oxide surfaces and their diffusion into the bulk, has increased significantly in the few
last years. This is due mainly to their relevance as materials for electronic devices in
the form of dilute magnetic semiconductors, for room temperature spintronics ap-
plications. In this work, we describe the room temperature, in vacuum growth and
structural properties of ultrathin Fe and Ni films on the polar surface ZnO(0001)-
Zn. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)
have been used to describe the growth modes and morphology of the early formation
of Fe and Ni films, below one monolayer (ML).
The clean substrate surface exhibits large terraces of triangular shapes which are
separated by single-layer atomic steps. The presence of this structure, previously
observed, can be explained as part of a stabilization mechanism, for this polar ZnO
surface.
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Preliminary results show that the initial growth mode of Fe on ZnO(0001)-Zn and
Ni on ZnO(0001)-Zn surface occurs via the formation of three dimensional islands,
starting from the very earliest stages of deposition. From our preliminary data, close
to one monolayer coverage, we observe the formation of nucleation patterns for the
Fe case but we dont́ see any preferentially nucleation sites for the case of Ni. The
height of islands, as measured from STMś images are consistent with growth along
the (111) and (100) directions for Fe and Ni respectively.
This research has been partially funded by the following grants: PBCT; ACT027,
and Mecesup 0204, Chile.
2 12:10 OR-Th-22
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Plenary
1 16:00 Pl-Th-7
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Invited Talks
1 17:00 In-Th-17
2 17:00 In-Th-18
We have synthesized SnS:Bi thin films using a novel method based on sulphuriza-
tion of the precursors metallic species. The SnS:Bi films were characterized through
spectral transmittance and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements to determine
both, the optical constants (refractive index n, absorption coefficient ? and optical
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gap Eg) and structural properties ( phase, structure and lattice parameters). The
studies revealed that the SnS:Bi films tend to grow with a mixture of the SnS and
Bi2S3 phase; however the Sn2S3 phase was also identified in some samples. It was
also found that the SnS:Bi films present a high absorption coefficient (greater than
104 cm-1) and an energy band gap of about 1.3 eV, indicating that this compound
has good properties to perform as absorber layer in thin film solar cells.
CLACSA XIII
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Oral reports
1 17:30 OR-Th-23
On the other hand, a widely accepted view in solid-state physics is that disorder
prevents the presence of long-range transport in one dimension. However, it has been
established that one dimensional finite systems with correlated disorder show both
localized and non-trivial extended states. This effect on localization in disordered
systems has been shown to be important to understand transport properties on
mesoscopic systems. DNA chains exhibit positional disorder intrinsically .
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2 17:30 OR-Th-23
CHARACTERIZATION OF TiN/ZrN/TiN/ZrN
MULTILAYERS COATINGS GROWN BY CATHODIC
ARC TECHNIQUE
Diego Fernando Arias1 , Alfonso Devia1
1
Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Manizales.
CLACSA XIII
Thursday 145
Poster session
0 17:30 P-Th-001
0 17:30 P-Th-002
The wood chemical structure is extremely complex and presents huge variations
from species to species, but some of the key characteristics are general to all the
terrestrial plants; there are three fundamental polymeric components, the cellulose,
the hemicellulose and the lignin. The cellulose is a polysaccharide polymer, linear,
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insoluble, and rigid made of beta glucose that forms the elementary fibers of wood
and therefore constitute the ligneous material of the plant. This is a very stable
byopolymeric system that is linked by means of hydrogen bonds with the other
components of the woody tissue thus providing it a greater rigidity and tension
resistant characteristics. It is also one of the greatest sources of terrestrial biomass
with an annual production of more than 1.5 x 109 tons, and plays a fundamental
role in industries from the food production to the biofuels; in this work some of
their molecular characteristics and properties will be studied using semiempirical
methods of the computational quantum chemistry such as MNDO, AM1, PM3 and
ZINDOS/CI, exploring the structural, electronic and optical properties of precursory
monomer as of the long chains that forms.
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Cyclodextrin (CDx) consists of six or more linked glucopyranose rings and forms
a doughnut-shaped compound. The number of glucose units of CDx is designated
α for six, β for seven, and γ for eight, and so forth. The interior of the toruses of
CDxś is relatively apolar compared to water and therefore is capable of including
aromatic compounds, alkyl halides, gases, etc., as guest molecules in the cavity.
The capability of saccharides to solubilise lipophilic compound in aqueous media
sources from their ability to form hydrophilic and lipophilic domains at hidrophobic
interfaces, thus forming cyclodextrin-like structures around the lipophilic sustrate.
In the last decade the number of publications directed to the spectroscopic study
of the ciclodextrin and inclusion complex of ciclodextrin – lipophilic sustrate has in-
creased, in most of the cases measures of thermodynamic properties are shown using
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UV-Vis and RMN spectroscopy. For this reason, we propose in this case the charac-
terization of ciclodextrins and/or other disaccharide complex with acetyl ferrocene
through FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. The obtained re-
sults were compared with previously reported values and a good correlation between
these were found.
0 17:30 P-Th-004
The main goal of this work is the computational study of the Poisson-Boltzmann
(PB) equation for a group of circular and elliptical charges immerse in a strong
electrolyte using the Lattice-Boltzmann method. We remark that this kind of charge
distributions has not analytical results due to the non-linearity of PB equation
and the complexity of the charge distributions. The model describes the electrical
potential and his interactions produced by ions adsorption on the surface of circular
or elliptical charged particles and other geometries. We contrast our results with
previous analytical outcomes for exact solutions to the cylindrical PB equation.
Finally, we analyze the evolution and stability of the method.
0 17:30 P-Th-005
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for the signal conduction between the brain and the substancia nigra that causes the
smooth and fine limb movements. Some studies have shown that Parkinson disesase
patients have lost nearly 60 to 80 percent of the dopamine producing neurons in the
substancia nigra that produces pallor in this part of the brain, by the time the first
signs of the disease appear. The exact melanin structure is not yet known and this
is because to the strong attachment that it exhibits with the protein matrix that
contains it which makes very difficult to isolate it, therefore a complete separation
is not possible. Nevertheless it has been shown that the 5, 6 indolquinone (IQ) and
their reduced forms, semiquinone (SQ) and hydroquinone (HQ) are the main parts
of the polymeric structure of the pigment.
In this work the structural, electronic and optical properties of monomers and
dimmers of the pigment conformational parts are studied in different environments
(water, vacuum) by means of the semiempirical methods MNDO (Modified neglect
differential overlap), AM1(Austin method 1), PM (Parametric method 3) and ZIN-
DOS/CI (Zernerś Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap in configuration in-
teractions mode) with the objective of analyzing the electronic preferences of the
structures and therefore their cellular protection mechanism. On the other hand, the
optical properties show the amorphous tendencies of the semiconductor structure;
this can be also found in the preferential growth mechanisms.
0 17:30 P-Th-006
The coupling between localized spins and the conduction electrons is an impor-
tant mechanism in the context of manganites. The coupling can be either ferromag-
netic as a result of Hundś coupling or anti-ferromagnetic as in heavy-fermion systems
or Kondo insulators. For a strong Hundś coupling, the double-exchange model was
mainly introduced to study manganites1 . The ferromagnetic tendency is expected
to be thwarted by anti-ferromagnetic super-exchange interactions between localized
spins leading therefore to interesting and unusual magnetic states. The effect of lat-
tice distortion was introduced in this work by using springs to join the atoms in the
linear chain. The magnetic phase diagram was obtained for a typical value of the
elastic energy. For this goal, an analytical optimization and a classical Monte Carlo
CLACSA XIII
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method were used. Phase separation and an important magnetoelastic effect were
found.
1
C. Zener, Phys. Rev. 82, 403 (1951); C. Zener, Phys. Rev. 81, 440 (1951); P. W.
Anderson and H. Hasegawa, Phys. Rev. 100, 675 (1955).
0 17:30 P-Th-007
We study the effect of the geometric confinement and the influence of the magnet-
ic field on the energy levels of the electron, heavy and light hole in GaAs-(Ga,Al)As
double quantum rings. The solution of this system is exactly calculated using lin-
ear combinations of confluent hypergeometric functions using the effective-mass ap-
proximation. We examined the energy spectrum of carriers for both symmetric and
asymmetric rings. The probability amplitude of finding the carriers in any of the two
rings depends of the magnetic field, the angular momentum and the well width of
each ring. This is apparent in the electron-heavy and electron-light hole optical tran-
sition energies which are analyzed as a function of the width of the inner and outer
rings, the barrier width between the two rings and the applied magnetic field. The
Aharonov-Bohm oscillations are also examined for this system under the conditions
mentioned above.
0 17:30 P-Th-008
Using the reaction of solid state method, in an Argon atmosphere TiO2 in bulk
system was make doped with vanadium Ti1-xVxO2 at 1200 C of temperature. The
structure was identified with x-rays Diffration meas-urements, since secondary phas-
es in our process were not observed. The magnetic properties of the material in bulk
were investigated by meas-urements of magnetization both like function of tempera-
ture between 30-300K and like function of magnetic field. The obtained results show
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When an electron is injected from a normal region to an interface where the pair
potential is inhomogeneous, it can be reflected as a hole (Andreev reflection -AR)
and a Cooper Pair is induced in the superconducting region. If we have a system with
two contacts (a and b) on a superconducting region, an electron that arrives at the
a contact can be reflected as a hole in the b contact (nonlocal Andreev reflection).
The nonlocal AR process competes with the process in the which the electron in a
contact is reflected as an electron in the b contact (elastic cotunneling- EC-). In this
work, nonlocal AR and EC are studied for junctions (N1 ISIN2 ), where N1 and N2 are
normal metals and S is a high Tc superconductor. The above processes are studied
by solving the Bogoliubov de Gennes equations for anisotropic superconductors.
The influence of different pair potential symmetries on nonlocal AR and nonlocal
conductance are analyzed, as well as the dependence of nonlocal AR with the width
of superconducting region.
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suffered a large shift due to the effects of confinement and stress. The position of
the photoluminescence peak shifts to higher energies as the substrate temperature
increases. This behavior is explained in terms of an enhancement of In evaporation,
such as the InAs δ-layers become narrower, as the growth temperature increases.
0 17:30 P-Th-014
In this work, we present a theoretical method for the study and characterization
of semiconductor micropillar cavities based on a perturbation over the refractive
index with the purpose to compute the quality factor, the Purcell factor and the
modal volume as a function of the geometric properties of the micropillar. The
method uses the band theory, meanly the Bloch-Floquet theorem, to describe the
propagation of the electromagnetic fields inside the multilayered media as itś done
for example in an one-dimensional photonic crystal. For small micropillar radii the
oscillatory behavior of the quality factor and its physical origin are shown. The
numerical and experimental results are compared using CAMFR.
0 17:30 P-Th-015
A study of the escape rate for several potentials by means of a path integral
approach is presented. The period of the thermons and the exponent of the escape
rate have been characterized for different cases. As the temperature is lowered, the
classical to quantum regime transition shows interesting dependence on the shape
of the potential barrier, especially near their minimum or maximum values. These
features occur between the infinite period of the instanton solution and the value
determined by the frequency of small oscillations near the bottom of the potential. As
the temperature diminish, the crossing from purely thermal activation to thermally
assisted tunneling is characterized by phase transitions of the escape rate exponent,
which can be of first or second order. First order transitions between two different
quantum regimes are also found. The escape temperature in presence of quantum
tunneling and its relationship with experiments is discussed.
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0 17:30 P-Th-016
In this work we present a theoretical study of the polariton system which includes
a constant magnetic field in the growth direction of the micropillar. First, we study
the zero temperature case by means of a Hartree Fock - Bogolubov selfconsistent
procedure with a trial function composed by a coherent photon field and a BCS
function for the electron-hole pairs. The ground state dependence on the magnetic
field and the number of polaritons is found. We show that the magnetic field can be
used as a control parameter of the photon number, and we make explicit the scaling
of the total energy with the number of polaritons. Next, we study this problem
at finite temperatures and obtain the scaling of the critical temperature with the
number of polaritons.
0 17:30 P-Th-017
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This equation is valid in low electronic absorption regions avoiding resonant and
preresonant effects. In this work a strategy based on determination of optical con-
stants of molecules catalogued as molecular analogues of absorbed species during
HDS process through substractive Kramers-Kr
0 17:30 P-Th-018
Focusing in one electron, its delocalization along the coupled components favors
the durations of coherent states as quantum superpositions [1]. An example of co-
herent phenomenon are Rabi oscillations, which are driven by external electric fields
in two or morelevels systems. Such oscillations have been predicted for superlattices
and modulated nanowires [2]. Now we explore this subject in 0D systems.
In this work we find the eigenenergies and wave functions of states of the first
two minibands for arrays of ten cylindrical quantum dots both, vertically and later-
ally coupled, which exhibit notable difference in their symmetry levels and coupling
magnitudes. We also calculate the temporal evolution of electron states under AC
electric fields finding the influence of the coupling between dots on the Rabi fre-
quency, which lies at the Terahertz range.
[1] H. Ramirez, A. Camacho and L. Lew Yan Voon, Nanotechnology 17 (2006) 1286.
[2] Aizhen Zhang, L. C. Lew Yan Voon and M. Willatzen, Phys. Rev. B 73, (2006)
045316.
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a linear chain of atoms in which we calculate the energy of two competing magnet-
ic phases, in which, in addition to the dipole dipole interaction, antiferromagnetic
exchange coupling between nearest neighbor atoms was considered. Monte Carlo
simulations were first performed to find these magnetic phases. We found analyt-
ical expressions for the total magnetic energy per unit length. Closed analytical
expressions for the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling constant as a function of
the chain length were also found, for which the two competing magnetic phases have
the same energy. We find no scaling in 1D, however if we assume that the dipole
dipole interaction decays as 1/distance, then a scaling law is found. Similar results
are found in 2D systems, if one assume that the dipole dipole interaction decays as
1 /(distance)2 .
[1] J. dÁlbuquerque e Castro, D. Altbir, J.C. Retamal and P. Vargas, Phys Rev.
Lett.
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metal-based reading heads for hard disc drives and magnetic random access mem-
ory, magnetic sensing and nonvolatile magnetic memory. The use of semiconductor
structures promises more versatile designs due to the ability to adjust the spin-
polarization of energy levels by external electric (bias) and magnetic fields for given
doping profile. In this paper we have concentrated our study on a variety resonant
tunneling double-barrier heterostructures in the presence of magnetic impurities.
The spin effects are studied within the Green-function formalism following the di-
agram technique for no equilibrium processes as proposed by Keldysh, using the
one-band tight-binding. The magnetic doping can be localized in the well region or
in the barrier layers. The resonant I vs. V curves are analyzed as a function voltage
applied and magnetic potential induced by the magnetic ions.
0 17:30 P-Th-021
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0 17:30 P-Th-022
We study the spin dynamic of two interacting magnetic particles with dipolar
interaction in the presence of an applied magnetic field at fixed temperature, by
means of the stochastic LandauLifshitz equation. We find that the total magnetiza-
tion is not conserved and it strongly depends of the control parameters. Finally, we
show that the thermal noise induces disorder and that it produces a switching on
the total magnetization.
0 17:30 P-Th-023
With the advent of heteroepitaxy, the use of built-in strain to modify electronic
properties of semiconductors has become widespread. The use of strain has been
particularly exploited in the InGaAs/GaAs system. Recently, the use of crystallo-
graphic directions of the type [n11], with n = 1, 2, 3, . . . has been studied for the
growth of InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with a variety of device applications. In
this work, we study the photoluminescence (PL) properties of InGaAs/GaAs(311)
QWs. We report the temperature dependence of the PL emission from the QWs over
a wide range of temperature. Samples with three Inx Ga1−x As/GaAs quantum wells
(QWs) of 100, 50, and 25 of nominal thickness were grown by molecular beam epi-
taxy (MBE). The nominal concentration of In was kept at x = 0.2. The structures
were grown over semi-insulating (311)A-oriented GaAs substrates. Photolumines-
cence spectroscopy measurements were carried out from 5 to 250 K employing a
Ti:Sapphire laser of 1.6 eV. At 5 K the PL spectrum shows three peaks localized
CLACSA XIII
Thursday 159
at 1.363, 1.408, and 1.454 eV, which correspond to the emission of the 100, 50, and
25 QWs, respectively. The PL peaks shift to smaller energies as the temperature is
increased. The following models were used in order to fit the temperature depen-
dence of the PL peaks energy: the empirical relation proposed by Varshni [1], the
semi-empirical relation proposed by Viña et al.[2], and the P ässler model [3]. The
best fitting was obtained by the P ässler model, which allowed us to determine the
limiting (T → ∞) shrinkage coefficient, and the associated average phonon temper-
ature.
References:
[1] Y. P. Varshni, Physica (Utrecht) 34, 194 (1967)
[2] L. Viña, S. Logothetidis and M. Cardona, (1999) Phys. Rev. B 30, 1979 (1984)
[3] R. P ässler and G. Oelgart J. Appl. Phys 82 2611 (1997)
0 17:30 P-Th-024
Spin-orbit effects have been recently considered in order to study collective prop-
erties of quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) such as plasmons [1], magne-
toplasmons [2, 3] and screening effects [4]. In particular [2], it was shown that the
Rashba spin-orbit effect modifies some characteristics of magnetoplasmons in the
long and short wavelength regions of spectrum. In this work we use the model
hamiltonian proposed by Val-Rodruez and Nazmitdinov [5] in order to consider the
role of the Dresselhaus, Rashba and Zeeman effects for a 2DEG in the presence of an
applied perpendicular DC magnetic field. In the frame of the random phase approx-
imation or self-consistent-field treatment we obtained the general expressions for
the magnetopolarizability tensor. We determined for the zero temperature limit the
magnetoplasma oscillation dispersion relation in both the long and short wavelength
limits. It is shown that in long wavelength limit the effects spin-orbit and Zeeman
do not affect the dispersion curve. On the other hand, in the short wavelength limit
the characteristic oscillations of the dispersion curve show a strong dependence on
the Zeeman effect and a weak dependence on the relation between the strengths of
the Rashba and Dresselhauss terms.
[1] Wang X. F., Phys. Rev. B 72, 085317 (2005).
[2] Kushwaha M. S., Phys. Rev. B 74, 045304 (2006).
[3] Xu L. J. and X. G. Wu, Rev. B 74, 165315 (2006).
[4] Pletyukhov M. and V. Gritsev, Phys. Rev. B 74, 045307 (2006).
[5] Val-Rodruez M. and R.G. Nazmitdinov, Phys. Rev. B 73, 235306 (2006).
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Our main conclusion is: as disorder introduces valley mixing to the graphene
system, sublattice-polarized wavefunctions from the n=0 LL increasingly spread to
the other sublattice, allowing more sites to participate in the wavefunction. This
increases, by definition, the participation ratio of the state with increasing disorder,
producing a less localized wavefunction. We show strong evidence of connection
between the anomalous localization properties observed for the n=0 LL and the
valley degree of freedom of wavefunctions from this Landau level. The expected and
well known localization with increasing disorder only comes back in this scenario
when disorder has significantly mixed valleys.
(*)arXiv:0706.2856
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The relation between the master equation and the Wigner function in the char-
acterization of the dissipative dynamics (evolution, mixedness, entanglement and
decoherence) of the system of two exciton coupled with a semiconductor cavity is
analyzed. In particular, it is shown that the Wigner function offers an insight into
the decoherence phenomena of non-classical light (squeezed, star and cat states).
0 17:30 P-Th-030
In this work we study the behaviour of the energy level of the electron , light, and
heavy hole ground state in GaAs- Ga1-xAlxAs quantum wells, quantum-well wires
and quantum dots, immersed in a host of Ga1-yAlyAs as a function of the geometry
of the systems and the x and y concentrations. We compare the behaviour of the
electron- light and electron-heavy hole transition energies between these structures
in the presence of an applied magnetic field. Also, we study the behaviour of the
electron energy when the interaction of the electron spin with the applied magnetic
field is taken into account. Our results for quantum wells present an excellent agree-
ment with experimental [1,2] and previous theoretical reports [3].
References:
1. P. Le June et al., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 12, 380 (1997).
2. A. Malinowsky and R. T. Harley, Phys. Rev. B 62, 2051 (200).
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Magnetic Ni0.5 Zn0.5 Fe2 O4 /SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by mechanical al-
loying γ-Fe2 O3 (hematite), ZnO, NiO and SiO2 powders, for milling times between
1h and 260 h, at room temperature. The as milled powders were then isothermal-
ly annealed for 1 h. at temperatures between 673 K and 1273 K, under quite air
and argon flux atmospheres, respectively. At each process stage, the resulting het-
erostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction techniques and their magnetic
properties evaluated by measuring the magnetization as a function of temperature
M(T) and the M-H loops at different temperatures. The magnetization mechanism
and the magnetic relaxation properties were also explored, by measuring the appar-
ent fluctuations field and the apparent activation moment for thermal relaxation.
CLACSA XIII
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After 200 h grinding, a complex microstructure develops with small hematite crys-
tals mixed with SiO2 and remanent NiO and ZnO particles, and very small NiZn
ferrite clusters, reaching a mean size of ∼ 9 nm. Before the heat treatment, the M-
H curves exhibit a relatively large superparamagnetic contribution; after annealing
at 1273 K a predominant ferromagnetic contribution may be detected in the M-H
loop. The high temperature treatments remove the hematite grains from the powder
and promote the growth of NiZn ferrite grains to reach mean sizes near ∼ 20 nm.
For treatments in oxidizing atmospheres, the major phases are SiO2 and NiZn fer-
rite, while for annealing in Ar a new phase appears, fayalite, which is paramagnetic
at room temperature.The granular magnetization inversion mechanism operating in
these complex nanostructures was then characterized on the basis of the temperature
dependence of both, the coercive field and the remanent magnetization.
0 17:30 P-Th-033
The pioneering work of Krim and Widom [Phys. Rev B 38, 12184 (1988)] unveiled
the origin of the viscous nature of friction at the atomic scale generating extensive
experimental and theoretical activity in the area of tribology. Struntz and Elmer
[Phys. Rev. E 58, 1601 (1998)] studied the friction of the Frenkel-Kontorova model
and identified non linearities due to the resonance of the sliding velocity with the
internal vibration modes of the chain, and the formation of kinks. More recently,
Fusco and Fasolino [Eur. Phys. J. B 31, 95 (2003); Thin Solid Films 428, 34( 2003)]
have identified numerically the same resonance phenomenon in the friction of a
dimer sliding over a unidimensional periodic substrate. Gonlves et al. [Phys. Rev B
72, 195418(2005)] extended this model and discovered the effects of hysteresis in the
system. In the present work we make an important step forward, setting the dimer
over a two dimensional substrate, allowing then to rotate. This makes the model
significatively more realistic than previous ones. We first show the validity of the
bidimensional model by reproducing the results of the unidimensional model, i.e,
the resonance between center of mass movement and internal vibration. We then
studied how commensurability affects the dynamic for different configurations, and
as a result it was verified that the friction is stronger at commensurated states.
The most remarkable result is that, apart from the resonance mentioned above, we
find a new one, at lower velocities, due to the coupling between translation and
rotation movements, mediated by the substrate. Our results describe a wide range
of dynamics of a dimer sliding in a periodic bidimensional substrate and can be
considered as an starting point to explain the main factors related to the origin of
friction of nanoscopic objects, like molecules and chains.
CLACSA XIII
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Cadmium telluride (CdTe) has become one of the most well established photonic
materials, largely due to its use in infrared imaging applications. It has also attracted
attention as a solar cell material and has become a candidate for nonlinear optical
applications that would utilize its high Kerr coefficient to produce logical devices
suitable for the telecom industry. The vast majority of potential applications rely
on the production of CdTe thin films. The growth of CdTe on SiOx would allow
the possibility of monolithic integration of silicon logical devices with optoelectronic
CdTe based applications. We prepared a series of SiOx/CdTe/SiOx heteroestruc-
tures by RF-Sputtering. The CdTe layer were grew by sputter of a polycrystalline
CdTe target in a Ar plasma. The oxide layers were grew by reactive sputter of a
silicon target in a O2 and Ar mixture plasma. We change the oxygen partial pres-
sure (OPP) to modify the SiOx characteristics. We found that electronic properties
of the heteroestructures are affected by SiOx stoichiometry. The Raman and pho-
toreflectance spectroscopies shown the presence of best quality CdTe interlayer for
the samples grew with the lower OPP. X-ray diffractograms confirm the presence
of cubic phases of CdTe only for lower OPP. We obtain room temperature photolu-
minescence of the samples using a 473 nm laser line as excitation source. Two PL
bands are present in the samples with the lower PPO, the first, centred around of
723 nm is related with quantum confinement of CdTe in the oxide matrix and the
second around 870 nm is related whit surface states.
0 17:30 P-Th-035
Small iron clusters (impurities) in silver host were prepared by co-depositing atomic
beams of the elements on Kapton substrates, thin films F ex Ag1−x were prepared for
0.003 < x < 0.3, at various temperatures under ultra-high vacuum conditions. by
features substrate, growth will be graininess. Measures in-situ with the technique M
CLACSA XIII
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Several forms of nanoporous carbons (NPC) are believed to consist of sp2 (graphene-
like) shells. However, their electronic and chemical properties may be rather differ-
ent from those of graphite and graphene. The origin of the observed differences
might be a relatively large concentration of defects in the form of non-hexagonal
rings[1,2], leading to a change in the π-π electron coupling. Boron substitution in
other graphitic structures (carbon nanotubes, for instance) has been shown to pro-
vide a mean for the creation of sites with localized electron densities.[3,4] These
substitutions bring about slight modifications the original geometry, but change the
number of valence electrons of the system. In this contribution we study the inter-
play between these two mechanism for the modification of the electronic properties.
In particular, we use the electronic density of states and the reactivity function as
defined by Wilke et al[5], in order to compare the properties of pure-carbon and
boron-doped models of NPCs. As representatives of the structural motives appear-
ing in NPCs, we consider a graphene slab with two vacancies,[2] and triply periodic
minimal surface.[1]
References:
[1] F Valencia et. al New Journal of Physics 5, 123 (2003)
[2] J M Carlson et. al Phy. Rev. Lett. 96, 046006 (2006)
[3] I Suarez-Martinez et. al Phy. Rev. Lett. 98, 015501 (2007)
[4] C. Y. Zhi et. al Journal Nanosci Nanotehnol. 98, 015501 (2007)
[5] S Wilke et. al Phy. Rev. Lett. 77, 1560 (1996)
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relaxed with DFT-GGA in order to obtain the lowest-energy one. In agreement with
previous theoretical results, segregation is observed in these clusters, where where
the Pt atoms are mainly found in the cluster core and the Pd atoms on the cluster
surface. Moreover the relatively most stable structures, within the size range stud-
ied, were obtained. Finally, the cluster sites with probable high catalytic activity
were found.
Acknowledgments: This work was supported by UNAM-DGAPA IN116605 and
CONACyT 43414-F.
0 17:30 P-Th-038
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in this work studied the chemical composition and preparation method of Degus-
sa P25 suspensions used in the fabrication of nanoparticulated TiO2 thin films with
photocatalytic applications. The studied solvents were methanol, isopropanol, water
and like dispersant agent PEG 8000, 6000 and 500. films were obtained by Doctor
Blade technique followed for annealing at 450C and tested by scoth tape method.
The structural properties of the nanoparticulated thin films were determinate by
the XRD technique.
CLACSA XIII
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The synthesis of large area arrays of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have been pref-
erentially explored on insulating substrates such as silicon oxide and alumina. On
the other hand, uniform and well-aligned CNTs grown on metallic layers have not
been widely explored. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has major advantages over
other processes because it allows lowering preparation temperatures. This is a sub-
stantial advantage which facilitates the integration of CNTs into electronic devices.
We have synthesized aligned CNTs arrays on metallic substrates, by a combination
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into a frozen matrix at liquid nitrogen temperature. After warming up this matrix
to room temperature, a colloid, with very small and highly reactive gold clusters, is
obtained. These clusters react, in the same vessel, with carbon nanotubes, forming
metallic Au nucleus anchored on the CNTs walls. The as prepared hybrids were
purified by microfiltration then washed and dried. After purification the hybrids
were annealed at different temperatures (200, 400, 600 and 800◦ C) in an argon at-
mosphere, and later sonicated in 2-propanol. Transmission Electron Microscopy and
Thermogravimetry were used in the characterization of these nano-hybrid structures.
Partial funding for this work has been provided by the following PBCT grants:
PSD031 and ACT027, Chile.
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Barium ferrite thin films has been grown at room temperature using a Nd:YAG
laser. The targets was made by mechanical alloying and the structural composition
of the targets was determined by XR diffraction. The plasma generated by means
of the pulsed laser Nd YAG to 1064 nm was analyzed in the range from 200 to 600
nm. by means of optic spectroscopy of emission (OES). The influence of the fluence
of ler and thermal over magnetic and structural properties of the thin films has been
investigated.
0 17:30 P-Th-047
Impurities in conductors create bound states which change the electronic spec-
trum. This effect is stronger when on the conductor a high magnetic field is applied,
which decreases the dimensionality of the electronic system. Evidently, this fact hits
in a radical way the conductivity of the sample and consequently the spectrum of
electromagnetic waves. In the present work we study the propagation of magne-
toimpurity modes caused by resonant transitions between magnetoimpurity levels
in conducting bilayers. Concrete analytical relations for the dispersion law of weakly
damped collective magnetoimpurity modes are obtained. In addition, some condi-
tions for structural parameters are analyzed, under which these collective modes
experimentally can be observed.
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The physical properties of very thin films are amazing concepts into the nan-
otechnology area. New developments and techniques are required to characterize the
different properties of materials as a function of their small thickness. Some efforts
have been conducted in order to determine mechanical properties of thin metallic
films, but much research is still needed in order to fully understand the behavior
of such structures. Metallic thin films are the ideal geometry of material to study
new methods to characterize the mechanical properties. In this work we proposed a
novel method to obtain the stress, strain and elastic modulus of metallic thin films
by means of in-situ changes in the film resistivity while the beam is loaded. The
method uses the four-point technique applied on the metallic film deposited on a
rigid substrate to measure the changes of electrical resistivity when a load is applied
on the center of a beam. Changes on the electrical resistivity are associated to the
beam deflexion and curvature of the metallic film which is assumed to be the same
as that of the substrate. Polymeric substrates are used given their relatively large
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mechanical compliance. Gold, copper and ITO (indium tin oxide) conductive oxide
thin films on different substrates were measured and the stress, strain and elastic
modulus are reported. Good agreement with the scarce values reported in the liter-
ature about these mechanical properties on thin films demonstrate the simple and
easy method developed.
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Chromium nitride CrN is a hard coating for applications where severe corro-
sion and friction conditions are present. In this work, we report on the conditions
for CrN reactive UMS deposition on AISI 4140 steel. The coatings microstructure,
mechanical and electrochemical properties for different nitrogen/argon flow rate ra-
tio were obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro hardness and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy EIS. Hard coatings with Cr(N) solid solution, Cr2N and
CrN ceramic phases with (111) and (200) preferential orientation and low corrosion
rate in NaCl solution were obtained
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The magnetic and structural properties of the F e0,70 Si0,30 alloy are analyzed by
using X-Ray diffraction and Msbauer spectrometry. The samples were prepared by
mechanical alloying in a planetary ball mill pulverisette 5 during 1, 5, 9, 15, 75
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and 100 hours milling, with a ball mass to powder mass relation of 10:1. The X-ray
diffraction patterns showed a coexistence of BCC, DO3 and FeSi structural phases,
however, for 1 to 5 h process, we observed additional peaks which correspond to
iron and silicon elements. These results indicate us that the alloy is still a non-fully
consolidated sample. The grain size decreases drastically from 1 to 5 hours, then
slowly up to 15 hours, and finally it remains nearly constant. The lattice parameter
for each phase remains nearly constant (2,838 A for the bcc structure). The shape
of hyperfine field distributions used to describe the Msbauer spectra is discussed.
PACS numbers: 61.10.Nz; 61.66.Dk; 75.50.Ec; 76.80.+y; 81.20.Ev
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Multiferroic compounds in which two or all three ferroic order parameters, spon-
taneous polarization, spontaneous strain and spontaneous magnetization coexist in
the same phase, are currently gaining more and more attention. In particular, those
wherein magnetic and ferroelectric order occur simultaneously, termed ferroelectro-
magnets [1]. They are an interesting group of compounds that complement purely
(anti-) ferroelectric or (anti-) ferromagnetic materials. In addition to their fundamen-
tal importance, the mutual control of electric and magnetic properties (the magneto-
electric effect) is of great interest for applications and they are promising materials
for the design of multifunctional devices. The remarkable magnetoelectric proper-
ties of BiM nO3 have attracted considerable attention during the last three years.
This simple perovskite with only a simple B-site cation has been suspected to be a
biferroic and recent theoretical calculations suggest that it is likely to be both fer-
romagnetic and ferroelectric because of the covalent bonding between bismuth and
oxygen atoms [2], [3]. In this paper we report evidence for ferroelectricity in per-
ovskite manganite (BiM nO3 ) thin films synthesized by a r.f magnetron sputtering
method on a single crystal (100)-oriented SrT iO3 : Nb 0.1 % and P t/T iO2 /SiO2 /Si
substrates and their ferroelectric properties were investigated. X- ray diffraction
measurements were used to analyze the crystal structure of the thin films and they
revealed epitaxial growth for BiM nO3 films with its (111) and (222) planes parallel
to the (001) and (002) planes of the SrT iO3 substrate [4]. AFM measurements were
performed to investigate surface morphology, quantitative values of the roughness
and grain size of about 250 and 0.5 nm, respectively. Ferroelectric characteriza-
tion was carried out at low temperatures and at 300K by using a cooling system,
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of these acids on different iron phases, we have to take into consideration the stoi-
chiometry, structure, morphology, surface area and degree of crystallinity of the iron
compounds.
References
1. C.A. Barrero, L.M. Ocampo and C.E. Arroyave, Corrosion Science, 43 (2001)
1003-1018.
2. D.D.N. Singh, S. Yadav, Surface & Coatings Technology (2007) article in press.
3. L.M. Ocampo, I.C.P. Margarit, O.R. Mattos, S.I. Cdoba-de-Torresi and F.L. Fra-
gata, Corrosion Science, 46 (2004) 1515-1525.
0 17:30 P-Th-054
The electron impact ion sources represent the most practical way to obtain ion-
ic beams of utility in diverse applications. However, the nature of the generating
process normally produce an abundance of positive ions. In areas like astrophysics,
plasma physics, atomic physics and chemistry, there exists interest in negative ion
study. In particular, present investigations related to the generation of negative ions
is important due to the application in high energy accelerators, nuclear fusion plas-
mas, ion implantation and commercial antistress devices.
The implantation with hydrogen ions is used for the surface hydrogenation of porous
silicon, modifying properties of interest for applications in optoelectronics [1]. The
common treatment with positive ions requires a mass filter to separate ionic species
of interest out of an ion beam, usually a mixture of H+ , H+ +
2 and H3 , what increases
the cost of the laboratory equipment. The hydrogen negative ion generation sur-
passes this disadvantage, being the only stable negative ion form of this element in
plasmas.
The ion implantation laboratory of the physics department in the Universidad Na-
cional de Colombia at Bogota, has two positive ion sources that operate in the
ion-atom collisions spectrometer and in the implantator machine.
In this work, the usual conditions of the plasma in one of these positive ion sources
have been modified to facilitate the generation of negative ones. Specifically, based
on the ionization yield as a function of pressure, discharge current and voltage, the
optimal new conditions of the plasmatron-type ion source were determined.
The application of a magnetic field in neighborhoods of the ions exit aperture im-
proved the extraction conditions as far as the amount of electrons in the ion beam
was reduced, simultaneously it dosed the amount of slow electrons in the plasma
region by the extraction surface. In addition, the main collision channels responsi-
ble for the generation of the H− were identified, being the dissociative attachment
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An optimized trial function for calculating the energies of the donor states in a
semiconductor heterostructures with axial symmetry in the presence of the external
electric and magnetic fields is proposed. It is taken as a product of the free elec-
tron ground state wave function, corresponding to two-dimensional electron motion
in X − Y plane with the linear combination of the hydrogen atom orbitals with
unknown coefficients that depend on Z coordinate. It is demonstrated that the vari-
ational principle for such trial function reduces to a system of one-dimensional wave
equations which together with initial condition resulting from “cusp” at the point
of the potential singularity can be solved by using trigonometric sweep method [1].
Our results for the ground state donor energies in quantum well are in excellent con-
cordance with those obtained previously by using Monte Carlo method [2], while the
ground state energies for donors in quantum well-wire and multiple quantum well
calculated by using our trial function always are lower than those found previously
by using other types trial functions [3,4]. The effect of the electric field applied along
the growth axis on the donor ground state in nanowire superlattice is analyzed. It
is shown that in such type of heterostructure a strong lateral confinement and the
presence of the multiple wells allows us to easily shift the free electron density dis-
tribution decreasing or increasing the average separation between electron and ion
depending on the donor location.
References
[1] J. H. Mar, F. J. Betancur, and I. D. Mikhailov, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18,
1005 (2006).
[2] T. Pang and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1635 (1990).
[3] S. V. Branis, G. Li and K. K. Bajaj, Phys. Rev. B 47, 1316 (1993).
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three stage process contain mainly the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 phase; however the secondary
In2 Se3 and Cu2 S phases were additionally identified at the surface of CIGS samples
grown in two stages. The XRD studies revealed that the phase and crystallographic
parameters of the CIGS films are not affected by the preparation conditions.
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In this work it was study the effect of multilayers in the photocatalytic properties
of Fe-TiO2 deposited on glass substrate by the sol-gel method. The synthesis of the
thin films was carried out by using a solution formed by titanium tetrabutoxyde,
buthanol, acetylacetone and Iron nitrate. The glass substrate was dipped into the
solution for 5 min then, it was slowly lifted and let dried for 15 min. Later on, a
thermal treatment at 400 C for 12 hrs in air was carried out. The whole procedure
was repeated such as the samples were formed by 1, 3, 5 and 10 thin films. The
samples were characterized by the SEM, FTIR and UV-Vis techniques, and the
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photocatalytic activity of the different films was determined by means of the pho-
todecomposition of methylene blue under visible light. The SEM micrographs show
that the surface morphology of the Fe-TiO2 systems presents clusters that contain
iron. The FTIR results indicate that the multilayers present surface OH that are
bound to the Ti and Fe elements, respectively. The UV-Vis spectra show that the
fundamental absorption band of the Fe-TiO2 is shifted to longer wavelengths as the
number of layers is increased. The photocatalytic activity results of the Fe-TiO2
multilayer show that the photodecomposition of the methylene blue is about 70 %
in 10 hrs, and as the number of constituent layers is increased the photoactivity is
increases up to 90 % in the same reaction time.
This work was supported by VIEP-BUAP through project No. 39/G/EXC/06-G.
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The chemical image generation is an important issue for modern sensing tech-
nologies as electronic noses or tongues1. In a semiconductor-insulator system, the
depletion layer formed in the semiconductors can be used for measuring the surface
potential of insulator and the property of the interface between the semiconductor
and the insulator. A number of sensors or measurement systems are based on the
variation of the depletion layer2. One method to measure the width of the deple-
tion layer is to use ac photocurrent induced by illumination of the modulated light,
this method is used for sensor application as for example light-addressable poten-
tiometric sensor3, artificial olfactory sensor4. The basic device used for the chemical
images sensing was a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure using different
metals (Au, Pt, Al, Pd, etc) as a gate of the device1. The present work reports
the sensibility of MOS sensor device to hydrogen gas moiety by using photocurrent
response. The MOS structure had the Au and Pd metals both in contact as a device
gate (Figure 1). The MOS structures were obtained by growing the thermal oxide
(SiO2) of the 120 nm thickness on the P type silicon substrate, after that the Au
and Pd metal were deposited by electron beam technique using the two level mask.
The two metals, which act as a gate, are in contact only in the one localized region
(Figure 1). The gas sensor response measurements were obtained after setting up the
device into the chamber with inlet and outlet pipes for gas injection and gas ejection
respectively. The sensor was photo excited locally by laser pulse source throughout
a glass window and the photocurrents were measured before and after gas injection.
The spot of laser light was scanned throughout the surface of the sensor (metals and
SiO2 regions) building photocurrent images. The images were analyzed by using
the fractal geometry theory that showed to be an excellent tool for images pattern
recognition process for gas sensors used in the present work, resulting in a good
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The growing development in the study of nanomaterials has given place in the
last years to an enormous activity experimental and theoretical, through which new
investigation topics have arisen, including studies of structural and electronic prop-
erties of such systems, and being constituted at the present time in one of the areas of
more activity. One of the most important nanostructures are the Carbon Nanotubes,
which are of great interest for their high conductivity, also, their specific properties
are very sensitive to their geometric structure. Some theoretical studies predict that
these materials exhibit properties of metals and semiconductors, depending on their
geometric configuration.
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XRD, TEM, TPR and TPD techniques. The solids obtained present a high sur-
face area (SBET ¿280 m2g-1). DRX revealed an amorphous structure with a strong
surface interaction of silica with TiO2 or Nb2O5 in form of Ti-O-Si and Nb-O-Si
bonding, observed for FTIR and XPS analysis, which are responsible of Lewis acid
sites. TEM results revealed that monolayers of Ti/Si and Nb/Si allow a high metal
distribution with a small size crystallite of Ir. XPS spectra of Ir 4f7/2 core level
showed a slight increases in the BE suggesting the presence of Ird+ species. On the
other hand, H2 chemisorption results show low H/Ir ratios for the HT series as re-
sult of a surface decoration of Ir crystals by partially reduced of TiO2-x or Nb2O5-x
species. The employed α,β-unsaturated aldehydes were citral, furfural
and cinnamaldehyde. Reactions were carried out at 0.62 MPa at temperatures from
423 to 573 K. The role of SMSI effect in the catalysts studied has a high effect
over the activity and selectivity, therefore the molecule structure can influence the
activity and selectivity obtained principally for molecules with a ring plane such as
furfural and cinnamaldehyde. LT series produces principally lateral reactions prin-
cipally associated with Lewis acid sites (TPD results), more pronounced in Nb/Si
than Ti/Si. Isomerization reactions mainly occurs on the surface support, where-
as the hydrogenation of C=C and C=O occurs on the noble metal surface. The
materials prepared had a surface and morphological characteristics with interesting
properties for be used as supports in hydrogenation reactions.
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During the previous three decades, there has been an increasing attention in
studying the properties of metal-substituted phthalocyanines (MPc0 s) thin films,
due principally to their potential use in applications as gas sensors, solar cells and
optoelectronic devices. Electrical and optical properties of the MPcs have been ob-
served to change when they are exposed to different external factors; environment,
incident radiation, pressure are some of them. The pressure is a parameter that in-
fluences on the conductivity in the (MPc0 s) and the applications of these materials
as pressure sensor may be possible.
In this work FePc, CuPc and PbPc films were investigated as active material in
pressure sensor devices. Au-FePc-Si(p), Au-CuPc-Si(p) and Au-PbPc-Si(p) struc-
tures were fabricated and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics at different ap-
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plied pressures (101, 214, 383 y 663 kPa) on the top electrode (Au) were drawn at
room temperature. It was found a change in the current level flowing through the
device with the pressure. Taking a constant voltage of 8 V from those J-V curves,
the current-pressure (I-P) characteristics were plotted and it was found to have a
linear relationship.The slope value, S (∆I/∆P), of that plot was higher on forward
polarization (Au +) than on reverse (Au -) for the measured structures. The effect
on the device response of the Au-MPc and MPc-Si(p) interfaces are considered.
0 17:30 P-Th-067
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The quaternary alloy InxGa1-xAsySb1-y highly doped with tellurium was grown
on substrates of p- and n-type GaSb in the direction (100) by liquid phase epi-
taxy (LPE). The doping is carried out by mean of to add little amounts of Sb2Te3
in the growth solution in the range of 6.48x10-6 to 4.31x10-4 of molar fraction.
The grown samples were characterized using Raman dispersion at room tempera-
ture. The Raman spectra present two mainly bands, that are strongly dependent
of S2Te3 concentration, which were deconvolutioned by four Lorentzian lines with
the purpose of assigning resulting peaks using the modified random-element iso-
displacement model (MREI model), for y=0.81x and y=0.7x/(1-x). The comparison
of the experimental results with obtained by the MREI model allows to confirm that
the bands correspond to the vibrational modes associated LO and TO of the binary
compounds GaAs and (GaSb + InAs). Also, presented the displaced undergoes these
emission bands with respect to the Te incorporated concentration to the different
samples. We observed that the vibrational bands present in the Raman spectra shift
towards higher energies in grown samples on n-type GaSb substrates and at lower
for p-type one.
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In this work, we have studied the dependence of the size and luminescence of self-
assembled InAs quantum Dots (SAQDs) on the growth conditions. The SAQDs were
grown on GaAs (100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Their struc-
tural and optical properties were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), high
resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), and photoluminescence spec-
troscopy (PL). The growth of the InAs SAQDs was in-situ monitored by reflection
high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), along the [011] and [01-1] directions. The
thickness of the wetting layer and the shape of the InAs SAQDs were significantly
affected by the growth temperature and the arsenic residual over-pressure. Plane
view and cross sectional HRSEM images show the formation of SAQDs of heights
between 10 and 20 nm, distributed in preferential sites on the wetting layer. The
SAQDS density determined from AFM is between 109 and 1010 cm2 . We observe
a decrease of the SAQDS density and an increase in their height by increasing the
growth temperature, and/or decreasing the arsenic over-pressure. This is accompa-
nied by a remarkable red-shift of the PL emission energy from 1.3 to 1.5 m. The
decrease in the SAQDS density and the increase in the height are probably due to an
increase of the surface mobility of Indium adatoms when increasing the temperature
and/or decreasing the arsenide pressure.
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In this work are analyzed the dispersion mechanisms affecting the electric trans-
port on CuIn1−X GaX Se2 (CIGS) thin films which are generally used as absorber
layers in solar cells. The films were grown on a soda-lime glass substrate by a chem-
ical reaction of the precursor species, which are evaporated sequentially in two and
three stage processes. In order to achieve this purpose, electric conductivity and Hall
coefficient measurements were carried out as a function of temperature in a range
of 90 to 550 K. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the CuIn1−X GaX Se2
films is affected by transport of free carriers in extended states of the conduction
band as well as for variable range hopping transport mechanisms, each one predom-
inating in a different temperature range.
0 17:30 P-Th-079
Superconducting YBCO thin films with different oxygen content (0.25 ¡d ¡0.35
) were produced by r.f. magnetron sputtering on MgO (100) single crystals. The
samples displayed an irreversible behavior in electric measurements using the ZFC
FC method for applied magnetic fields ( H // c) up to 0.08 T. However the different
granularity of the films associated with the oxygen content did not affect the flux
dynamic which, is mainly dominated by Josephson fluxons. The Tirr(H) data fitted
well to a Almeida Thoules power law and the irreversibility lines ( H(T) vs. T ) were
shifted to higher or lower temperatures as a function of oxygen content.
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An insulating Y Ba2 Cu3 O7−δ thin film was grown by inverted cylindrical mag-
netron sputtering (ICM) and under nitrogen cooling instead of oxygen in situ an-
nealing. This insulating film went through different annealing processes in flowing
oxygen, each time with increasing annealing temperature. The resistivity as a func-
tion of temperature was measured after each annealing. The fluctuation conductivity
σ 0 (T ) is determined from the resistivity data and an analysis of the possible mech-
anism for scattering of the fluctuating pairs is presented in this work. Besides, the
results of short annealing processes in air also are presented. The crystal structure
of the film through these different steps is also reported.
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Strain in the [La2/3 Ca1/3 M nO3 (F M )/La1/3 Ca2/3 M nO3 (AF )]x multilayers has
been tuned by varying substrate and film thickness, and its effect on the structural
and magnetoelectrical properties carefully studied. Superlattices were grown both
by dc sputtering and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) techniques. (001)-oriented single
crystal of SrT iO3 , and (LaAlO3 )0.3 (Sr2 AlT aO6 )0.7 were chosen as substrate materi-
al. Asymmetric intensity of the satellite peaks and of Laue oscillations were observed
in multilayers grown on SrT iO3 substrates, which might be ascribed to chemical
and/or strained interfacial profiles along the growth direction. This asymmetry of
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peak intensities among the positively and negatively signed satellites was removed
when similar multilayers were grown on lattice matched substrates [(LaAlO3 )0.3 (Sr2 -
AlT aO6 )0.7 ]. Even though these multilayers exhibited a moderated exchange bias
effect, they showed from magnetothermal measurements a magnetic blocking tem-
perature TBM slightly different. In this way, it seems that epitaxial strain, induced
by the lattice mismatched substrates, plays a predominant role into the anisotropy
of lattice distortions within the multilayer structure. Additionally, the effect of the
epitaxial strain on the isothermal magnetoresistance (MR) of the multilayers was
also quantified. Keywords: Manganites, superlattices, exchange coupling.
[1] J. Nogu and I. K. Schuller, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 192, 203 (1999).
[2] Y. Ijiri, J. Phys: Condens. Matter 14, R947 (2002).
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with the annealing time and therefore with the lattice ordering. Also was observed a
relative diminishing of the intensity of the Si-H wagging mode with annealing time,
suggesting hydrogen effusion to the surface of the c-Si:H films.
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TiN/TiC films were deposited on 304 stainless steel substrates using PAPVD
deposition technique. The TiN and TiC coatings were produced using titanium
target with nitrogen and methane gas, respectively, at 115◦ C temperature. The
coatings were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to identify crystalline structure,
phases and lattice parameters. Chemical compositions and depth profile were also
analyzed using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). To observe macroparticle
density Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used. Scanning Probe Microscopy
(SPM) analysis was performed to observe morphology and grain size.
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X-band electron spin resonance (EPR) spectra were recorded in the temperature
range between 150K and 350 K on powdered samples of polycrystalline LaMn1xCoxO3
(0, 1 ¡x ¡0, 5) synthesized by citrate precursor method. The temperature depen-
dence of the EPR spectra parameters like, the resonance field Hres, the peak-to-peak
linewidth ( Hpp) and the EPR intensity were analyzed. Both the EPR line intensity
and the linewidth decreased by increasing the temperature. On the other hand a
change from an asymmetric regime below 260 K to one more symmetric at temper-
atures ¿260K was observed which, correlates well with the transition temperature
determined by a.c. susceptibility measurements.
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In this work we report the effect of the resistance vs the F/Sn molar ratio and the
methanol concentration on the synthesis of SnO2 :F thin films prepared by means of
the spray pyrolysis method. The thin films were prepared starting from a solution
that contains SnCl2 , NH4 F:HF, CH3 OH, HCl and H2 O. The solution was sprayed
on the glass substrate at 500 ◦ C. The characterization results show that at 0.8 of
F/Sn molar ratio, the resistance decreases. When the methanol volume is varied
from 4 to 18 ml the resistance decreases furthermore. The UV-Vis spectra show
that the absorption edge is shifted to longer wavelengths as the F/Sn ratio reaches
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the 0.8 value. The X-ray diffraction patterns show the formation of SnO2 and Sn3 O4
compounds.
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The zinc sulfite (ZnS) is a II-VI semiconductor with a wide direct band gap in the
near UV-region. It is polymorphic, its energy band gap is smaller in cubic ZnS (3.68
eV) than in hexagonal ZnS (3.7 eV). ZnS thin films have been used in the solar cells
technology for electroluminescent devices, and as host matrix for quantum dots com-
posites. The object of this work was to deposit by the sol-gel method/deep coating
samples with 3 and 5 coatings of ZnS, ZnS:Mn, and ZnS:Sm on glass substrate.
The samples were characterized to study the surface morphology, composition and
some optical properties. The synthesis of the ZnS/glass multilayer was carried out
by using a base solution containing zinc acetate, monoethanolamine, thiourea, and
2-methoxy ethanol. After each deposited coating the sample was annealed at 400◦ C
for 12 hrs in a N2 flux. To deposit ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Sm thin films, Manganese Chlo-
ride Tetrahydrate and Samarium Nitrate hexahydrate were added, respectively to
the base solution as source of Mn and Sm ions. The concentration of the Mn and
Sm ion source was varied to 20 W %, and 40 W %. The deposition procedure was
repeated to obtain samples with 5 coatings. The set of samples was characterized
by the SEM, EDS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. The morphology of the
ZnS is homogeneous and compact. EDS results indicate the presence of Zn and S
elements, besides some small concentrations of C and O. The UV-Vis spectra show
a shift of the absorption border as the number of coatings is increased. Also it shows
an activity in the amplitude of the absorption border that is related with the age
(in days) of growth the solution. The variation of the impurity concentration has a
direct effect on the surface morphology of the ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Sm thin films. The
UV-Vis spectra also show an effect on the absorption borders related to the age of
the deposition solution as well.
This work was partially supported by VIEP, BUAP through projects Nos. 19/I/EXE/05
and 11/EXC/06/G.
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We have synthesized SnS:Bi thin films using a novel method based on sulphuriza-
tion of the precursors species. The SnS:Bi films were characterized through spectral
transmittance and x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements to determine both, the
optical constants (refractive index n, absorption coefficient and optical gap Eg) and
structural properties (phase, structure and lattice parameters). The studies revealed
that the SnS:Bi films tend to grow with a mixture of the SnS and Bi2 S3 phase; how-
ever the Sn2 S3 phase was also identified in some samples. It was also found that the
SnS:Bi films present a high absorption coefficient (greater than 104 cm−1 ) and an
energy band gap of about 1.3 eV, indicating that this compound has good properties
to perform as absorber layer in thin film solar cells.
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Cupric oxide was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal process from the re-
action of CuxS and N H3 solution in an oxygen atmosphere at 200o C, and at two
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different reaction time of 3 and 12h. The morphology of the products synthesized
were platelets and microspheres, respectively depending on the reaction time. XRD
patterns indicated that the samples are composed of one phase and correspond clear-
ly to cupric oxide, the high cristallinity was found in the platelet-like structures. XPS
analysis proved the high pureness of the samples, the spectra indicated copper and
oxygen on the surface of the samples. FEG-SEM studies indicated that the samples
treated at 3h consisted of microparticles formed by platelets. For 12h of reaction,
the morphology changed to microspheres which were composed of concentric prick-
es. HRTEM and electron diffraction indicated that the samples obtained at 3h were
composed mainly of monocrystalline platelets, which corresponded to cupric oxide.
On the other hand, HRTEM and electron diffraction analysis of samples synthesized
at 12h of reaction indicated that concentric prickes presented crystalline structure
of cupric oxide, but with lower crystalinity than platelets.
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In this work some properties of coatings grown graded are presented. The ma-
terials were produced using the sputtering DC technique because of its facility to
control the deposition parameters and generate a homogeneous growing. The target
is a disc of titanium and the samples are made of stainless steel 304. The working
gases are argon, nitrogen and methane, which are mixed according to the material
to be produced, i.e. Titanium (Ti) layer is grown with argon, the Titanium Nitride
(TiN) film is produced with a mixture of argon and nitrogen, and the Titanium
Nitride Carbon (TiCN) material is obtained mixing argon, nitrogen and methane.
These materials are characterized with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in order to
determine grain size and with X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) studying
the chemical composition and performing depth profiles.
0 17:30 P-Th-093
One iron ore sample from Ubalá - Cundinamarca - Colombia was selected.The
magnetic properties, hyperfine structure parameters and size particle of iron oxides
submited to milling ball process at 0,5, 1,3, 6,12 hours with balls - powder ratio of
10:1 were studied. Mossbauer spectrometry, sample vibrating magnetometry, DRX,
TEM studies were carried out. During ball milling process evolution a color material
change was observed.The hematite and goethite presence by Mossbauer spectroscopy
was determined.DRX difrectograms by Rietveld method were softed and then Sher-
rer formula was applied. A size particle distribution from TEM results with DRX
data is contrasted.The nanoparticle existense at 12 h of milling process was probed.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Th-094
Thin films of N i0.5 Zn0.5 F e2 O4 were grown on (100) MgO substrates at different
deposition temperatures. The films were deposited by the RF sputtering technique at
2.1×10−1 mbar oxygen pressure. The structure of the sintered NiZn ferrite films was
evaluated using XRD, showing variations in the intensity of some peaks, probably
because the deposition temperature influences the evaporation of Zn. The magnetic
properties of the NiZn ferrite films were probed using a superconducting quantum
interference device (SQUID). It was used to measure magnetization hysteretic loops
and M(T) curve of the films. The influence of the deposition temperature on the
grain size of NiZn ferrite films was analyzed using atomic force microscopy. An incre-
ment in the coercive field and a reduction in the saturation magnetization with the
deposition temperature were observed. Behavior can be correlated with magnetic
force microscope images.
Key words: Ferrimagnetics, ferrite thin films, atomic and magnetic force micro-
scope.
0 17:30 P-Th-095
(TiAl),N thin film were deposited on 304 stainless steel and anviloy (Comprimed
Tungsten) substrates by means of PAPVD (Plasma Assisted Physic Vapor Deposi-
tion). TiAl target was used as cathode with a nitrogen work atmosphere, in a mono-
evaporated system composed by a reaction chamber with two electrodes placed face
to face and pulsed power supply which generated the discharges. Films were ana-
lyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) in order to observe the present phases in the film,
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0 17:30 P-Th-096
We analyze the effect of the magnetic field applied along the common symme-
try axis of two vertically coupled identical narrow nanorings on the low-lying states
of two spatially separated electrons located within them. Following the well-known
adiabatic procedure [1] and using the functional derivative method, we reduce the
problem for the two-electron low-lying energy levels in rings with a finite thick-
nesses and a finite separation between them to an exactly solvable wave equation
that describes the rotation of two particles in a single one-dimensional ring. The
renormalized masses of the particles and the interaction potential between them in
effective one-dimensional model depend strongly on the actual structure dimensions.
Exact solution of this wave equation has been obtained by using the trigonometric
sweep method [2].
Similarly to the model of a single nanoring, the total energies of a two-electron sys-
tem in vertically coupled nanorings depend on two quantum numbers corresponding
to the values of the center-of-mass and the relative angular momenta. Our calcula-
tion of the energies shows the levels reordering; their crossovers, and transitions of
the ground state as structure dimensions or the intensity of the magnetic field are
changed. We ascribe these effects to the competition between terms of the kinetic
and the potential energy induced by the variation the dimensions of the structure or
to the competition between the diamagnetic and paramagnetic terms in the Hamil-
tonian induced by the variation of the magnetic field strength. In the first case the
transitions are related to the Wigner-type crystallization and in the second case to
the effect of the Aharonov-Bohm. We show that the oscillations of the ground state
energy related to this effect become more pronounced with the decrease of the rings
thickness and with the increase of the separation between them.
References:
[1] M. Korkusinski and P. Hawrylak, Phys. Rev. B 63, 195311 (2001); K. L. Janssen,
F. M. Peeters, and V. A. Schweigert, Phys. Rev. B 63, 205311 (2001).
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0 17:30 P-Th-097
In this paper, the dynamics of mobile ions in materials with disordered structure
are investigated. A series of new composite proton exchange membranes for fuel cell
applications based either on acid salts (i.e., CsH2 PO4 , CsHSO4 ) or polymer/acid
blends (i.e., PVOH/H3 PO2 ) with dispersed ceramic nanoparticles (i.e., Al2 O3 , SiO2 ,
ZrO2 ) have been prepared. The addition of ceramic nanoparticles to the starting
materials causes a considerable reduction in their crystalline phase content with a
consequent increase of proton conductivity, as well as different phase boundaries at
low temperatures. Electrical conductivity relaxation measurements in a broad band
frequency range (100 -109 Hz) show universal behavior that is typical of system with
structural disorder such as ion-conducting glasses, melts and polymers. For example,
in the frequency domain, the non-Debye relaxation (NDR) behavior of the real part
of the ionic conductivity shows dispersion as σ 0 (ω) ∝ ω n above a characteristic
angular frequency relaxation, ωP , and are termed as Jonscher universal power law
or Jonscher universal dynamic response. In the present article, the conductivity data
is well described using σ 0 (ω) = ω0 [1 + (ω/ωP )n , where ω0 is the DC conductivity and
n is a fractional exponent between 0 and 1 that characterizes the degree of NDR
behavior. Variations in n when varying the oxide filler content in the corresponding
composite are found, thus indicating that the fillers modify the dynamics of mobile
ions.
PACS numbers: 72.82.Ng, 82.60.Qr
Key words: Composites, phase equilibria
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0 17:30 P-Th-098
It is well known that surface enhancement Raman scattering (SERS) effect must
be happened for some metallic surface as Au, Cu and Ag because the surface plamon-
vibrational mode interaction [1,2]. However, no semiconductor substrate was report-
ed for these phenomena, as far we know. The present work reports the existence of
surface enhancement Raman scattering and photoluminescence intensification of the
probe molecules adsorbed on the macro porous silicon surface. The macro-porous
silicon was obtained by electrochemical process in HF: DMF using different volume
fraction of DMF (4, 8, 12, 16 %) and anodization current of 8 mA/cm2 for 10 min-
utes. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the samples
obtained with low fraction of DMF (4 %) showed only superficial pores. On the oth-
er hand, the sample obtained with high DMF fraction (16 %) showed a collapse of
the walls between neighborhood pores, i.e., the film started to crack and destroy its
structure. The best macro-porous film was obtained when DMF fraction is between
8 to 12 %. The methylene blue molecules were adsorbed on the macro-porous sam-
ples as a probe moiety by immersed the films in 10-3 M/l of methylene blue solution
in ethanol for 5 hours. After, all the samples were rinsed in deionized water for 10
minute in order to remove any cluster structures. The Raman and Photolumines-
cence spectra were obtained in the Renishaw Raman system by confocal techniques
using laser sources of the 632.8 nm, 514 nm and 488 nm respectively. The Raman
spectra of the probe moieties adsorbed on the macro-porous film showed high in-
tensity bands. However, the non-Raman band was observed from methylene blue
adsorbed on the flat silicon surface. Additionally to the Raman band intensifica-
tion, a high photoluminescence emission also was observed. These results can be
tentatively explained in the sense of surface enhancement phenomena due to sur-
face plasmon in the macro-porous structure although its not possible to discard the
phonon-phonon and phonon-exciton interactions as responsible for intensification
phenomena. As far we know that the Raman and photoluminescence enhancement
of adsorbed probe in the silicon surface is reported at the first time in the present
work.
References
[1] R.F. Aroca , R.A. Alvarez-Puebla , N. Pieczonka , S. Sanchez-Cortez, J.V. Garcia-
Ramos, Adv. Coll. And Interf. Sci. 116, 45 (2005).
[2] T. Lana-Villarreal, J. M. Péres, R. Gomes, Surf. Sci. 572, 329 (2004).
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Th-099
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0 17:30 P-Th-100
0 17:30 P-Th-101
Manganites pellets of system La0.65 Ca0.35 MnO3 were prepared by the solid-state
reaction method and finally sintered at 1150C during 20, 44 and 64 hours. The
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analysis of x-ray showed a tetragonal phase and a grain size of 17 nm. The heat
capacity measurements realized between 2 K and 300 K shown an onset phase tran-
sition at 263 K and a peak at 250 K associated with Curie temperature TC of the
sample, whereas at low temperatures and using the electron free and Debye models
were calculated the state density per manganese atom at Fermi level N(EF )=3.76
(eV)−1 (Mn)−1 , the coefficient diffusion D(EF ), and the Debye temperature TD =361
K. The electrical characterization showed a type-insulator phase, between 300 K
and the insulator-metal transition TIM =253.8 K, independent of sintered time, but
the metallic phase is clearly consolidated with the increase of sintered time. The
temperature dependence of the magnetization showed an onset phase transition and
TC in according with the specific heat measurements.
0 17:30 P-Th-102
0 17:30 P-Th-103
The energy loss of hydrogen and helium ions in the low energy range (< 10
keV/u) in single crystal gold targets is investigated experimentally and theoretically.
We experimentally found that the stopping power for helium ions shows a deviation
from the proportionality with ion velocity as predicted theoretically. This behavior
has been also observed for protons in previous experiments [1-6]. Additionally, we
observed that for a small range of velocities the energy loss for helium ions has
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the same magnitude as for protons for the same velocity. This last finding is in
agreement with early theoretical prediction for the ion energy loss interacting with
low electron densities, beyond of metallic densities, within the framework of the free
electron gas model and the density functional theory. Both effects are explained
due to two particular phenomena: particle channeling in crystalline targets, where
the spatial inhomogeneity of the electron density plays a fundamental role and the
well known threshold effect in the stopping power which is explained by considering
the electronic band structure properties of metallic targets. We present here precise
experiments and a consistent theoretical description of these behaviors that agree
very well with the experimental data.
[1] J. E. Valdés, G. Martinez Tamayo, C.H. Lantschner, J. C. Eckardt and N. R.
Arista, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 73, 313 (1993).
[2] R. Blume, W. Eckstein, H. Verbeek, and K. Reichelt, Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys. Res. 194, 67 (1982).
[3] J. E. Valdés, J. C. Eckardt, G. H. Lantschner, and N. R. Arista, Phys. Rev. A
49, 1083 (1994).
[4] J. E. Valdés, P. Vargas, and N. R. Arista, Phys. Rev. A 56, 4781 (1997).
[5] J. E. Valdés, C. Parra, J. Dı́az-Valdés, C. D. Denton, C. Agurto, F. Ortega, N.
R. Arista and P. Vargas, Phys. Rev. A 68, 064901 (2003).
[6] S. P. Chenakin, S. N. Markin, E. Steinbauer, M. Draxler, and P.Bauer, Nucl.
Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 249, 58 (2006).
0 17:30 P-Th-104
A new method has been used to calculate the off-axis electric field of a ring of
charge, with a theoretical model that allow predict, where is maximum and approx-
imately uniform and where the edge effect increase and decrease. The distribution
of thickness throughout the radial axis on one sample has been compared with the
slope standard of this model and they agree in first approach. The method numerical
used to calculate the off-axis electric field of a ring of charge, consists of replacing
the ring of uniform charge with a line of variable charge that it allows to obtain, in
any point of the space, the characteristics of the field. The results of this method
were compared with the calculated one by direct integration; both methods agree
in first approach Experimental thickness results are presented for coatings of TiN
obtained on stainless steel 304 for different annular anode-sample distances, using a
Pulsed Arc Physical Vapor Deposition (PA-PAPVD) system.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Th-105
Titanium dioxide thin films were grown by sol-gel technique, in order to obtain
films to be used in photocatalytic reactions. We present results on the structural and
optical characterization measured for series of films in which number of layers and
sintering temperature were changed. Using X-ray diffraction we have characterized
the crystalline phase present in the films depending on the growth conditions and by
using the spectrophotometer we characterized the resulting band-gap energy. The
results on the photocatalytic activity were obtained by immersing these films in
a methylene blue solution with presence of ultraviolet light, which is a standard
used to characterize the efficiency of the reaction. It was observed, subtracting the
action of used ultraviolet light, a high bactericide activity in waste water samples
through: the counting of total and fecal coliformes, the pH measurements and the
oxygen chemical demand, before and after of photocatalytic process. The absence
of coliformes in the water indicates that it is sure for human consume.
0 17:30 P-Th-106
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depends solely on the ratio of the inverse localization length and size of the sample.
We compare our theoretical results with those for a microwave experiment onsisting
of alternating Teflon pieces of constant width and air spacings randomly perturbed.
[1] F.M. Izrailev and N.M. Makarov,
0 17:30 P-Th-107
0 17:30 P-Th-108
Pressure influence is studied on (Ti,Al)N thin films grown by Pulsed Arc Plas-
ma Assisted Physical Vapour Deposition (PAPVD) on M1 steel substrates. X Ray
Diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to determinate the crystalline structure,
present phases, crystallite size, lattice parameter and microstrain. Scanning Elec-
tron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out to observe pressure influence in the
coating growing. The thickness of the films was observed by perfilometer tests. Pin
on Disk tests were performed to wear determination in the coatings.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Th-109
In this work a review of the concepts on friction is made, starting from earlier
works carried out at Newton and Euler times until their current applications in new
materials. These have been created to perform specific mechanical work where a
characteristic frictional behavior between the objects in contact appears at nano-
metric scale.
Based on profilometric parameters that describe the superficial topography, it is
possible to see how the generalized model for friction, which unifies the Coulomb
and Tomlinson-Bowden theories, is still valid. The use of this model gives rise to new
options for predicting the friction behavior and its application in different materials,
improving in this way the mechanical design process of technical pieces, prolonging
their lifecycle and avoiding the waste of energy in the relative movement of the ob-
jects.
Keywords: Tribomaterials, friction behavior, surface contact, profilometry, friction
coefficient.
0 17:30 P-Th-110
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of nitrogen system enhance the concentration of nitrogen in the films. The chemical
analysis was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, these results showed the
presence vanadium nitride and vanadium oxide in thin films. Measurements of the
resistivity by Van der Pawś method showed that all films are conductors in the
temperature range of 30-300K. Reflectivity and absorbance measurements in the
infrarred, ultraviolet and visible range are correlated with the partial pressure of
nitrogen to the system.
0 17:30 P-Th-111
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0 17:30 P-Th-112
0 17:30 P-Th-113
The optical properties in polycrystalline Al2O3 pellets doubly doped with Ce3+
and Mn2+ ions have been analyzed. In this pellets, broad-band blue and red emis-
sions are observed under ultraviolet light excitation. The spectroscopy data obtained
clearly indicate that the energy transfer takes place from Ce3+ to Mn2+ ions. The
blue emission is due to the de-excitation of Ce3+ ions from their excited state 5d
to the split ground state 2F. The usually weak red emission attributed to 3d?3d de-
excitation of Mn2+ is enhanced through an efficient energy transfer from Ce3+ to
Mn2+ ions. From spectroscopic data it can also be inferred that the energy transfer
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Th-115
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0 17:30 P-Th-116
Visible light emission devices have been developed and are commercially avail-
able, based on InGaN and AlGaN ternary semiconductor alloys, producing green-to-
violet visible emission. GaNxAs1-x ternary alloys in the GaN-rich side, are expected
theoretically to have band-gap energies in the full range of the visible spectrum for
just a small change in the nitrogen concentration in the range of about 70-85 %.
Using the r. f. sputtering and the laser ablation film deposition techniques, we have
reported the growth of ternary GaNAs layers with band-gap energies in the range
between 1.4 to 2.6 eV [1,2]. In this work we report the growth of GaNAs thin films
on Si substrates using the r. f. sputtering technique at high substrate temperatures;
the r. f. power used in the sputtering process was varied in order to control the nitro-
gen incorporation in the film. The low temperature photoluminescence (PL) and the
photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopies were used to characterize the optical properties
of the series of GaNxAs1-x As films grown with different stoichiometries. The PL
and PA spectra show that the films present the presence of three phases: a cubic
GaAs phase; the ternary GaNAs phase; and the GaN cubic and hexagonal phases.
We discuss the origin of the transitions observed in the PL spectra and the shoulders
around 2.5 eV observed in the PA spectra.
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0 17:30 P-Th-117
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0 17:30 P-Th-118
It is well known that the isoelectric point (IEP) of a catalyst plays an important
role in heterogeneous catalysis. It is related to the strength of the electrostatic inter-
action between the solid surface and the substrate (i.e. adsorption of at least one of
the reactants). In heterogeneous photocatalysis, it is also important to keep in mind
that when a semiconductor photocatalysts is illuminated with photons whose energy
is equal to or greater than their band-gap energy additional charges are generated
(i.e. creation of electron-hole pairs: free electrons in the conduction band and pho-
toholes in the valence band). In this work, different samples of TiO2 were prepared
by a sol-gel method using titanium n-butoxide as alkoxide precursor in aqueous
acid medium (pH = 2, HNO3) and n-butanol as solvent. Molar ratio water/alkoxide
was varied from 4 to 16 to obtain particles with different surface properties. X-ray
powder diffraction patterns showed that only the anatase phase is present in all
samples. The particle size of the samples obtained by dynamic light scattering was
at the nanometer scale. The IEP of materials was estimated by electrophoretic mea-
surements of zeta potential at different pH values, in the absence and presence of
UV light. The results show that in the absence of UV light, IEP depends on the
molar ratio water/alkoxide. However, in the presence of UV-light, IEP was the same
for all materials. This result shows clearly that TiO2 surface speciation is strongly
affected by the generation of electron-hole pairs.
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Th-119
CLACSA XIII
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0 17:30 P-Th-120
InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on InP lattice-matched InGaAs layers are of
great interest for the development of medium infrared emission lasers and pho-
todetectors based on conduction band intraband transitions, in the range from 8
to 11 microns. InAs QDs properties are highly dependent on the characteristics of
the layer on top of which they are grown. In particular, we have investigated the
influence on the InAs QDs properties when they are grown on an InGaAs layer
slightly mismatched to the InP substrate. We have already reported the effect of
the mismatch-related strain on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of the InAs
QDs layer [1]. In this work we present results on the temperature behavior of the
PL spectra of the series of InAs QD layers grown by MOVPE on top of positively
and negatively mismatched InGaAs layers with a multilayer structure of the type:
InP/InP/InGaAs/InAsQDs/InP (a dot-in-a-well, structure), and their relationship
to the involved radiative transitions between the quantized electron and hole levels
in the conduction and valence band, respectively. We analyze the PL spectra in
terms of the model that takes into account different mechanisms such as the band-
gap energy change due to the change in the In concentration, to the QD size, and
to the strain effects around the QDs.
[1] J.G. Mendoza-Alvarez, M.P. Pires, S.M. Landi, A.S. Lopes, P.L. Souza, J.M.
Villas-Boas, N. Studart, Physica E 32, 85 (2006)
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0 17:30 P-Th-121
CLACSA XIII
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Plenary
1 08:30 Pl-Fr-8
Due to the special importance of Titanium and TiO2 in applications ranging from
biocompatible materials in medicine to the use as active substrate in solar cells, there
is a great interest in the description of structure and dynamics of solvents, in par-
ticular water, close to Me(IV)-oxide surfaces. It is expected that at interfaces, water
exhibits a very different structure, because the bulk network of hydrogen bonds is
interrupted. The dynamic behavior of water, should also have profound implications
for chemical and biochemical processes at interfaces, which are very widespread
in heterogenous chemistry and in biological systems. In order to understand the
detailed behaviour of solvent dynamics, a combination of femtosecond spectroscop-
ic (absorption, emission) and optical (photon echo, Kerr effect) methods has been
implemented in our labs, aiming to study water at interfaces with biocompatible
materials such as titanium dioxide: Dyes attached to the surface of ZrO2 nanoparti-
cles in a colloidal solution can be used as probes for the ultrafast rearrangement of
the surrounding water. The results from a comparative study of solvation dynam-
ics of dyes in bulk and interfacial water, using ultrafast fluorescence up-conversion
and, more recently, transient absorption and photon echo techniques, reproduce the
typical time scales and non-exponential behavior of the solvation process in water
and show only subtle differences between bulk and interface dynamics. The results
are compared with molecular dynamics simulations, which show that the interface
region is limited to not more than one or two water layers, while the dye molecule
extends over 10 such that most of it is immersed bulk-like water. On the other hand,
contributions from intramolecular relaxation processes and possible changes of the
dielectric constant of water in the vicinity of the interface are observed and make
the interpretation less straightforward. Furthermore, we performed time resolved
Optical Kerr Effect (OKE) measurements to determine the orientational dynamics
of water in nanopores of the ZrO2 nanostructured films. This technique directly
measures water dynamics without the use of dyes and the use of nanopores was
meant to enhance the interfacial-to-bulk water ratio. ZrO2 was studied instead of
TiO2 because it is more tractable from an experimental point of view, while having
similar properties to the latter. These experiments were performed with a home-
built OKE microscope to exclusively probe the internal volume of the thin (¡10 m)
film. While the time constants obtained for the orientational dynamics of the bulk
liquid agree with literature, in the pores water exhibits slower dynamics, indicat-
ing a restricted motion of the molecules. Our data is manifestly incompatible with
the existence of a bulk-like population of water molecules in the core of the pores,
CLACSA XIII
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suggesting that the interface induces a long range constraint on the orientational
dynamics of the molecules within the nanocavity. These experimental approaches
should also be applicable to the study of dynamics of biological water in proteins
and at membranes.
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Invited Talks
1 09:30 In-Fr-19
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2 09:30 In-Fr-20
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Oral reports
1 10:00 OR-Fr-24
2 10:00 OR-Fr-24
Beyond nanometric scale, clusters formed by tens or some few hundred of atoms play
an important role in the study of the so-called F́inite Size Effects.́ In this study we
investigate the electronic structure and magnetic properties of isolated magnetite
clusters via ab-initio methods. Calculations were performed with the VASP and
ABINIT programs in the framework of the LDA+U approximation. Free boundary
conditions were implemented and clusters of different sizes were considered. Struc-
tural characterization is carried out by computing both the Radial and Angular
Distribution Functions in order to evaluate the relaxation process as well as the
differences on the basis of a core-shell model.
CLACSA XIII
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1 10:20 OR-Fr-25
2 10:20 OR-Fr-25
Electron impact spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to study the relative efficien-
cy of excitation to into singlet and positions of triplet states in two electroactive
organic materials: anthracene and biphenyl containing biphenylethynyl derivatives
in the gas phase. The probability of the lowest singlet-triplet transition in single
bonded anthracene containing molecule was found to be much higher than in triple
bond anthracene that is connected with triple bonds. No noticeable contribution of
the Ttriple bonds are found to have a not significant contribution on the into singlet
spectra of the studied molecules is observed. There is a number of intense transitions
in the range above higher than 10 eV. The optical spectra spectrum calculated us-
ing density functional theory techniques is in rather good agreement correspondence
with electron energy loss and optical absorption spectra.
CLACSA XIII
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1 11:10 OR-Fr-26
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In this work we show a theoretical study of the electronic and transport properties
of AGNRs and ZGNRs with quasi one-dimensional side-attached organic molecules
(linear polyaromatic hydrocarbon molecules and poly(para-phenylene) molecules).
The conductance of the ZGNRs and AGNRs exhibit a particular behavior as a
function of the length of the attached organic molecules: the energy spectrum of the
quasi one-dimensional system is clearly reflected in the conductance curves, suggest-
ing that GNRs can be used as an spectrograph-sensor device. An even-odd parity
effect as a function of the length of the attached molecules, can be observed in
the conductance of these system[6]. The nanostructures are described using a single
π-band tight binding Hamiltonian. The electronic conductance and the density of
states of the systems are calculated within the Greenś function formalism calculated
using real-space renormalization techniques[7].
[1] T. Ohta et al,Science 313, 951 (2006); S. Stancovich et al, Nature 442, 282 (2006)
[2] K. Nakada et al, Phys. Rev B 54, 17954 (1996); K. Wakabayashi and H. Hiroshi-
ma, Phys. Rev B 64, 125428 (2001)
[3] Q. W. Shi et al, Cond-Mat/0611604 v1, (2006); A. Rycerz et al, cond-mat/06080533
v1, (2006)
[4] P. Jarillo-Herrero et al, cond-mat/0705.3044,(2007); Nature 446 (7131), March 1
(2007)
[5] N. Peres, A. Castro and F.Guinea Phys. Rev B 73, 195411 (2006)
[6] P.Orellana et al, Phys. Rev B 67, 085321 (2003)
[7] M. Nardelli, Phys. Rev B 60 (1999) 7828.
2 11:10 OR-Fr-26
The generic phase diagram of doping vs. temperature for High Temperature Su-
perconductors (HTSC) presents in the underdoped region a zone called Pseudogap
(PG). The analysis of this region is very interesting since it is believed that it is
deeply related, and therefore can help us understanding better the superconductive
(SC) transition. Different theories exist up to now which try to explain the origin of
the PG and its influence on the SC transition. Some of them see the PG as a pre-
cursor of the superconducting gap, while others see it as a competing phenomenon
which retards the SC transition. In the present work we analyze resistivity measure-
ments in thin films of the high temperature superconductor Y1−x Cax Ba2 Cu3 O7−d ,
for different concentrations of Calcium (x) and Oxygen (d), and its influence on the
PG zone. We discuss our results on the light of some of these theories.
CLACSA XIII
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1 11:30 OR-Fr-27
Direct current (DC) technique was employed in order to obtain Al2O3 thin films
over 2024-T3 aluminum under different current densities in a 15solution at 20oC.
For all the cases the anodization time was 30 minutes and applied potential was
monitored using a LabView constructed software. Thin films characterization was
carried out using: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ruggedness and
Vickers micro-hardness tests. Results show the marked influence of applied current
density in the oxide thin films formation. It was observed that at higher current
densities, thickness and micro-hardness of the films were increased as well. Thus,
thick, uniform and adherent films were obtained. EIS experiments were also used to
evaluate the corrosion process in NaCl as well as the morphology of the oxide film
by correlating obtained data with an appropriate equivalent circuit.In this way, pore
and barrier layer parameters were determined. Finally, it is clear that morphology
and corrosion resistance of anodic films is greatly affected by the applied current
density.
2 11:30 OR-Fr-27
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It is theoretically demonstrated that the field effect mobility can be quoted basi-
cally in three regimes, i.e. non-field dependent, field-dependent, and non-reversible
electrolite-like dynamics. The OFET equations describing the output characteristics
are solved in a self-consistent way, and no approximation of the Fermionic statistics
for the charge carriers or trap distributions is assumed. Therefore, more accurate
theoretical expressions are obtained, being useful to fit experimental measurements
of the OFET-output characteristics.
1 11:50 OR-Fr-28
2 11:50 OR-Fr-28
ZnO thin films hexagonal structure with preferred (002) orientation, were de-
posited by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method using a
ZnNO3 bath on glass substrates. They were given Heat Treatment (HT) at different
temperatures during 15 minutes in air. The crystallinity, microstructure and optical
properties were measured and analyzed for both as deposited and annealed films. Ef-
fects of experimental parameters such as number of cycles and HT on the structural,
CLACSA XIII
Friday 235
crystalline and optical properties were discussed. The films were characterized by X-
ray diffraction (XRD), optical absorption (UV-Vis) and -Raman. Structural analysis
by XRD pattern showed as deposited ZnO film has highorientation along c-direction
(002), which remained the same with low-intensity while increasing HT temperature.
The HT promotes the orientation in others directions, so the crystallinity is better.
The crystallite size has a value between 25 to 35 nm and it increases with number
of cycles and HT temperature. The band gap energy is from 3.39 to 3.15 eV, the
decreases with HT temperature were observed, changes due to the number of cycles
are no strong. By -Raman spectroscopy, the principal vibration modes around 435
and 579 cm−1 were determined. While the HT temperature increased, the vibration
modes became more intensive and others three peaks appear around 272, 329 and
381 cm−1 , which are attributed to multi-phonon process. The HT around 200 0 C
produces films of more quality than those without HT.
CLACSA XIII
INDEX
A. Dussan, 13 A. Rizzi, 19
A. Cabral-Prieto,, 106 A. Rosales-Rivera, 35, 38
A. Cantarero, 19 A. Ruden, 79, 198
A. Cortes, 81 A. Santana, 31, 188
A. Cruz-Orea, 219 A. Torres-Jacome., 197
A. Devia, 33, 65, 70, 78, 89, 191, 198, 205, A. Tortschanoff, 225
212, 214 A. Urrutia, 215
A. Franco, 147 A. Villada, 101
A. G. de Oliveira, 8 A. Zuñiga, 201
A. Garcı́a, 187, 210 A.Devia, 114
A. Gil, 109 A.Galvis, 64
A. H. Romero, 229 A.I. Martı́nez, 68
A. Hight Walker, 136 A.I. Oliva, 66, 174
A. Hurtado Macias, 74 A.I. Oliva-Avilés, 66
A. J. Martinez-Mendoza, 229 A.L. Cabrera, 112
A. Juan, 74 A.L. Morales, 31
A. L. Cabrera, 25 A.M Muñoz, 79
A. López, 106 A.M. Ardila, 193
A. Latgé, 231 A.Mejı́a, 202
A. Latgé, 149 A.V. Kukhta, 230
A. León, 115 Aarón Pérez-Benı́tez, 70
A. M. Calle, 91, 92 Abel A. Recco, 98
A. M. Campos, 203 Achete, C. A, 112
A. M. Lobo, 134 Adrián Alfaro-Martez, 227
A. Malachias, 8 Adriana Diaz, 87
A. Mariño, 44, 199, 209, 217 Adriana Fontes, 135
A. Mariño., 105 Aldo Aparicio Acosta, 60
A. Miranda, 188, 190 Alejandra Baena, 204
A. Orduña-Diaz, 197 Alejandra Guerrero, 174
A. Pasaje, 86 Alejandra Rios Rojas, 233
A. Pulzara-Mora, 192 Alejandra Tello, 171
A. Ramı́rez-Porras, 94 Alejandro Duran, 105
236
237
Alejandro Pelaez Vargas, 133 C. A. Duque, 52, 58, 100, 169, 172
Alejandro Perez., 95 C. A. Medina-Torres, 53
Alejandro Radillo-Dı́az, 167 C. A. Ortiz, 101
Alexander Perez, 43 C. A. Rinaldi, 173
Alfonso Devia, 71, 128, 144, 204 C. Beltrán, 45
Alfredo Tlahuice, 75 C. Calderón, 181, 195
Alvaro Mariño, 195 C. Cancellieri, 17
Ana L. C. Pereira, 162 C. Celedón, 211
Anderson Sandoval, 175 C. Denker, 19
André P. Tschiptschin, 98 C. Falcony, 89, 217
Andrés Rosales Rivera, 168 C. Gallardo-Vega, 97
Andres Felipe Serna Morales, 81 C. Gutiérrez, 76, 94, 210
Andres Reyes-Lega, 230 C. López-Garcı́a, 200
ANDREY SIMAKOV, 138 C. Mejı́a Morales, 213
Angel Rodrı́guez, 37 C. Mejia, 64
Angela Camacho, 23 C. Morales, 94
Angela S. Camacho, 155 C. Ostos, 92
Angelica Anzola, 168 C. Parra, 150
Anne-Cécile ROGER, 9 C. Rincón, 215
Arezky H. Rodrı́guez, 172 C. Salazar, 212
Arezky H. Rodriguez, 141 C. Serna Plata, 216
Ariel Camargo lópez, 233 C. Vargas-Hernández, 73, 234
Arquı́medes Karam, 154 C.A. Barrero, 31, 50, 91
Arturo I. Martinez, 75 C.E. Jácome, 211
Augusto Gonzalez, 19, 44, 154 César Andrés Amaya, 88
Aurora Canul, 66 César Ortega López, 24
Candi Tzuc, 66
B. L. Rivera, 42
Carlos A. Parra M., 153
B. Lenis, 48
Carlos A. Rincón, 90
B. R. A. Neves, 25, 113
Carlos Achete, 21, 72
B. Santos, 77, 126
Carlos Alberto GUERRERO FAJARDO,
B.-E. Mellander, 131, 193
9
B.E. O’Rourke, 222
CARLOS ARNULFO GÓMEZ OLEJUA,
Beate S. Santos, 135
49
Bernhard Joachim Mokross, 79
Carlos Córdoba, 210
Bertorello H. R., 173
Beynor Páez, 233 Carlos Hernández, 191
Bolı́var-Marinez L.E., 34, 145 Carlos M. Garzón, 98
Boris A. Rodrı́guez, 163 Carlos Montoya Morrón, 173
Boris A. Rodriguez, 19, 44, 153, 154 Carola Hernández, 33
Brad R. Weiner, 5 Carola Hernandez, 224
Bulnes F., 62 Carolina Barrero, 168
Carolina Parra, 7
C. A. Achete, 103 Caros J. Páez, 34
C. A. BARRERO, 177 Cesar Aromando Ortı́z Otálora, 233
C. A. Barrero, 92, 136 Cesar Quiñones, 61, 87, 168
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W. Cauich, 76
W. A. A. Macedo, 140
W. A. Castro, 131
W. A. Pacheco Serrano, 204
W. Alayo, 107
W. Aperador, 87
W. C. Nunes, 140
W. D. Brewer, 107
W. De La Cruz, 89, 97, 122, 215
W. H. M. Feu, 46, 116
W. Hernandez, 190
W. Ibáñez, 2
W. Lopera, 48, 205
W. Ospina, 100
W. Saldarriaga, 23
W. T. Herrera, 166
Waldemar Macedo, 7
CLACSA XIII