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Objectives: Classification of Fractures Complete Fractures

There are several types of bone fractures including incomplete, complete, comminuted, compressed, transverse, spiral, oblique, and depressed fractures. Complete fractures involve the bone breaking into two or more pieces while incomplete fractures only crack or partially break the bone. Fracture repair involves reduction of the bones, hematoma formation, fibrocartilage callus formation, bony callus formation, and bony callus remodeling to strengthen the healed bone. Compound fractures that penetrate the skin pose greater risks of infection.

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89 views

Objectives: Classification of Fractures Complete Fractures

There are several types of bone fractures including incomplete, complete, comminuted, compressed, transverse, spiral, oblique, and depressed fractures. Complete fractures involve the bone breaking into two or more pieces while incomplete fractures only crack or partially break the bone. Fracture repair involves reduction of the bones, hematoma formation, fibrocartilage callus formation, bony callus formation, and bony callus remodeling to strengthen the healed bone. Compound fractures that penetrate the skin pose greater risks of infection.

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mal
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Objectives

1. Name and describe the various types of


fractures.
BONE FRACTURES


CLASSIFICATION OF
COMPLETE FRACTURES
FRACTURES
• Closed – simple; no penetration through skin
a. Incomplete – bone cracked or partially • 1. Comminuted –
broken bone breaks into
b. Complete – bones broken into 2 or more many fragments
pieces
• Common in elderly
c. Greenstick – bones bent (common in child)
due to brittle bones
• Open – compound; bone penetrates the skin
a. Complete – bones broken into 2 or more
pieces

COMPLETE FRACTURES COMPLETE FRACTURES


• 2. Compression or • 3. Transverse –
impacted – two break is straight
bones are forced across the bone
against each other
• Common in the
vertebrae
• Common in elderly
COMPLETE FRACTURES COMPLETE FRACTURE
• 4. Spiral – when • 5. Oblique – break is
the break travels diagonally across the
around the bone bone
(common in sports) • 6. Depressed –
broken bone portion
pressed inward )skull
fracture)

GREENSTICK FRACTURE COMPOUND FRACTURE


• More complications
due to penetration of
the skin
• Can lead to a bone
infection or
osteomyelitis
• Requires antibiotics

REPAIR OF FRACTURE
4 Events in Bone Repair
Figure 5.5 pg. 120
• Reduction – realignment of bones 1. Hematoma formation – blood vessels
break causing a blood filled swelling;
protein called fibrinogen in bloods forms
– Closed – manually forced back into position mesh netting over injury
2. Fibrocartilage callus formation – new
– Open – surgically; requires use of pins, rods capillaries form in clot; blood tissue is
or plates replaced by cartilage
- callus forms around the break & serves
as a splint
3. Bony callus formation – osteoblast
lay down mineral salts while
osteoclasts digest cartilage callus;
osteoblast become trapped in bone
matrix and develop into osteocytes.
4. Bony callus is remodeled making it
stronger – osteoclast digest excess
bone matrix until bone returns to its
normal shape
(see p. 120; Figure 5.5)
• http://www.wisc-
online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=NU
R1303

• http://wps.aw.com/bc_martini_eap_4/40/1
0466/2679495.cw/content/index.html
– GO TO STEPS OF REPAIRING BONE
FRACTURES

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