Creating a Tools Pipeline for Horizon Zero Dawn

Dan Sumaili Senior Tools Programmer Guerrilla

Sander van der Steen Principal Tools Programmer Guerrilla
Takeaways

Insight into why we rebuilt our tools

How we did it during production

How it paid off

Overview

Our legacy tools

Rebuilding the tools
Building a 3D Editor
Editing data
Other tools
Where we are today
In the beginning… (Nov 2013)

We had fragmented tools

Mix of languages & frameworks

Long iteration times (20-30 mins.)

Dissatisfied Users
Far behind our competition
The CoreText Format

Intermediate plaintext format

Used for most data

Except Textures and Audio

Converted to binary for game

CoreText Editor
CoreText Editor

Used to create & configure

game data

Written in C#, WinForms, ATF

Absurdly complex code

Maya Plugin
Maya Plugin

Exports Maya data to .CoreText

Used Decima’s Renderer

C++, Python, Maya API

Killzone Shadow Fall Art Tools

http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1020711
State Machine Editor – ‘SMED’
State Machine Editor – ‘SMED’

Node-based State Machine editor

Generates LUA script

Maintained by a Technical Designer

Written in Python
And many more…
Debug UI

In-game UI framework
Created during Shadow Fall

Programmers found it easy to use

Led to many in-game debug tools
Debug UI – Profiling
Horizon Zero Dawn

Horizon was new for us

New types of content

Tools team was small

Had to use time and resources
efficiently
Horizon Zero Dawn

The old ways would not scale

We must begin again…

Tools Goals: Code

Create a Framework to build Tools

Re-use Decima engine libs

Making tools should be easy

Tools Goals: Editor

Users need tools that fit their

work
Discipline-specific ‘Editing Contexts’
Built from reusable components

User should be able to stay in

one Program
Decima Editor
Decima Engine

Data Serialization & Deserialization

Runtime Type Introspection (RTTI)
File I/O, Networking, Threads, Jobs
Image Readers & Writers
Compression, Hashing, Algorithms
Unit Testing Framework
Level Editor
 Visual Script Editor

Placeholder
Conversation Editor
The first steps to a new editor
Where do we begin?

Production is getting started

Users already have tools that

they’re familiar with

We would need to start small

and and minimize risk
Where do we begin?

We decided to focus on the Audio

Team

A small group of users with

specific needs

Their workflow could be used to

test the Framework’s viability
Where do we begin?

The Audio Team primarily worked with NodeGraphs

NodeGraph is our High Performance Visual Scripting

language
Generates native C++ code, that runs on target

Proven tech, used for audio in Killzone: Shadow Fall

http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1020559 [Varga, Woldhek 2014]
CoreText Editor
NodeGraph: Prototype #1
NodeGraph: Prototype #2
Node Graph Editor Context
Node Graph Editor

We reached feature parity within

a few months

New features could be

implemented easily

Programmers from other teams

could also contribute
A new workflow for Game Design

Creating a 3D Editor
Why a 3D Editor?

Maya not suitable for quest content

3D Editor was urgently needed

Focus on Object placement & creation

Integrate sub-systems or full game?
 Integrate only sub-systems into Editor?

+ Purpose build, controllable

+ Fast

- New code-path
Longer development
- Visual/behavioral disparity
 Integrate full game into editor?

+ All game systems available

+ DebugUI (tools) for free
+ Single code path (play/edit)

- Overhead of running game

3D Editor – Architecture

Due to time constraints:

Integrate full game into Editor
 How to integrate a full game into Editor?

In process? Out of process?

Editor Process

Editor Game
Code Code
 In-process integration

+ Fast to setup
Editor Process
+ Direct synchronous data
changes
Editor Game
Code Code
- Crash in game = crash in
editor
 In-process integration

+ Fast to setup
Editor Process
+ Direct synchronous data
changes
Editor Game
Code Code
- Instability
- Enforcing code separation
Out of process integration

+ Stability
+ Cleaner code
+ Responsive UI Editor Game
Code Code

- Longer initial development

- Harder to debug 2
asynchronous processes
3D Editor: Initial design

Develop in-process with a

full game

Goal: Out of process should

remain possible
3D Editor – Video play/edit
Editing content in a running game

Required sub-systems for Level Editor

Game data

Problem: Game reads binary game data

Creation is destructive
Shader compilation
Meshes optimization
Data packing
3D Editor: Initial design
EditorNode

Provides all editing functionality for an

object in game

Game object does not know of Editor

Node

Keeps code clean, no editor specific

code interwoven in game code
Only WorldSpace in-game

Problem: Less hierarchy in game

Flat list of objects

Fast and efficient
Transforms in World Space
EditorNodeTree

Hierarchical structure of in-game data

Constructed from game data, reflects

hierarchy of objects in-game.
When entering “edit mode”
Top down (starting at root)
Accessing the EditorNodeTree
2 Editor Node Trees

Editor Process

Editor Game
Code Code
Making Changes to Objects
What we didn’t want

Proxy representations

String-based accessors

Editor-specific boilerplate

Code generation steps in the build

What we wanted

Work directly with concrete objects

Directly modify object members

Re-use existing systems and utilities

to create and transform data
Making changes to objects

Being able to make changes is good,

but…

“What is best in life?”

An Undo system is essential for

users to remain in control and have
the freedom to experiment
Undo System - Goals

Simplicity & Reliability

No virtual ‘Do’ and ‘Undo’ functions

No new undo code for new features

Prevent transformation asymmetry
Undo System

The ideal scenario:

An undo system that automatically detects object
changes, and knows how to revert them

The compromise, in our case:

Beforehand, code indicates which objects will be
modified, and when the modifications are completed
Undo System - Transactions

Describes all modifications in a change

Commands represent individual changes

Built on the RTTI system

Subscribers are notified of all

transactions
Transaction Notifications
Transaction Notifications

Code Separation

Changes can be made from anywhere

No knowledge of do and undo in editor

code
Undo System - DiffUtil

Building transactions is hard

DiffUtil builds them

Produces transactions by looking at
changes that have already happened
Undo System - DiffUtil

Before changes are made:

DiffUtil takes snapshot of objects’ state

After changes:
Analyzes what has changed between the
snapshot and the current state
DiffUtil – Code Example
Undo System – Reverting Changes
Applying the Undo Transaction
What worked?

A reliable, transparent system that can

represent arbitrarily complex changes

No distinction between do and undo

Stable code, that changed very little

in the time since it was written
What didn’t work?

Easy for programmers to forget to use

a DiffUtil

Transactions validated in Debug

But this doesn’t catch everything

Doesn’t support filesystem operations

Transactions in the 3D Editor
Changes in the 3D Editor

Transactions to the Game

EditorNodeTree in space conversion

Editor Process
Editor Process

Editor Game
Code Code
 3D Editor – Applying a change in the tree

Modify local space of

MySpotlight

MyPrefab

MySpotlight

GeoObject
 3D Editor – Applying a change in the tree

MyPrefab multiplies
transform change with it’s
local matrix

MyPrefab
Modified transaction passed
MySpotlight to MySpotLight

GeoObject
 3D Editor – Applying a change in the tree

MySpotlight consumes the

change

MyPrefab The modified transaction is

in WorldSpace
MySpotlight

GeoObject
 3D Editor – Applying a change in the tree

[Optional]: MyPrefab
invalidates cached data or
updates dependencies

MyPrefab

MySpotlight

GeoObject
Interactive changes

Problem: Interactive changes start in-game

Orientate an object in viewport
Painting vegetation
Terrain sculpting
Etc.
Naïve implementation of tool change

(Tool) Transactions from the Game ?

Naïve implementation of tool change

(Tool) Transactions from the Game ?

Naïve implementation of tool change

Who has authority over data?

Impossible due to dataloss in conversion
Creates a cycle going back to game
Tool changes

Solution:
Tool does not modify data
Editor keeps authority over data
Undoing tool changes

Undo works the same way!

 GameSync

Updating structural changes in the game

GameSync

Gamesync handles structural changes to

the game

Pre-dates Tools Framework

Creates patch file to apply in game

GameSync

Create a copy of Spotlight

MyPrefab

Spotlight

GeoObject
GameSync – Analyze change

MyPrefab
Spotlight
CopiedSpotLight
GeoObject
GameSync – Patch file

MyPrefab (modified)

CopiedSpotLight
GameSync - Conversion

MyPrefab (modified)

CopiedSpotLight
GameSync
GameSync

MyPrefab
Spotlight
CopiedSpotLight
GeoObject
GameSync
GameSync – The Good

Works on all changes throughout Editor

Can sync to target as well (PS4)

No game restart required

GameSync - The Bad

Systems were not designed to work with GameSync

The change analysis code became very complex
Performance issues

Inconsistent behavior
Crashes, incomplete updates
Low level of confidence from users
Other Tools
NodeGraph Debugger
NodeGraph Debugger

Powerful debugging features

Variable inspection
Execution visualization
Historical debugging

Minimal involvement from the

tools team
Almost all of the work was done by
game tech
Interactive Conversations

A new feature for Horizon

Free to build a workflow from scratch

Built specifically for:

Writers
Quest designers
Cinematic artists
Conversation Editor Context
Conversation Generator

This conversation was auto-generated

Camera cuts, animation, gestures

selected by rule-based system

RoboVoice and lip-sync animations

created for mock-up content
Conversation Generator

Inspired by the work of CD Projekt RED

and BioWare

Was possible because it was easy to

build in the new framework

Behind the Scenes of Cinematic

Dialogues in ‘The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt’
http://www.gdcvault.com/play/1023285/
Profiler
Profiler

Built on top of an existing in-game

profiler framework

Real-time data from any app

running the profiler framework

Editor runs the profiler

framework, so it can profile itself!
World Map
World Map

Visualizes game features on a 2D

world map

Pluggable system for overlays

Quests
JIRA bugs

Came online late in the project,

and wasn’t heavily used
World Map
World Map – Perf Report Overlay
Perf Report
Decima API

C-API to expose Tools Framework

functionality
File loading/saving
Object manipulation

Python wrapper
Artists and designers can create
scripts manipulate game content
Decima API
Future goals

Move other teams into new editor

(VFX, Environment Art, ..)

Build new Editor Contexts

Entity editor
Particle editor
Shader/Material editor
Future goals

Rewrite GameSync system

Take the 3D editor out of process

Improve UI/UX of the editor

Thanks

Everyone at Guerrilla
Special Thanks
Michiel van der Leeuw Olaf Jansen
Jelle van der Beek Bryan Keiren
Ritesh Oedayrajsingh Varma Emile van der Heide
Guido de Haan Remco Straatman
Laurens Simonis Stefan Reek
Kenzo ter Elst Nathan Vos
Johanna Persson
 We’re Hiring!

https://www.guerrilla-games.com/join
Contact

[email protected]

[email protected]
Questions?