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ORAL COMM Communication Strategies

This document discusses communication strategies used in oral communication. It outlines 7 key strategies: 1) Nomination, which involves selecting topics and participants, 2) Restriction, which limits discussion topics or participants, 3) Turn-taking, where speakers yield the floor, 4) Topic control, where the main speaker guides the discussion topic, 5) Topic shifting, which changes the discussion direction, 6) Repair, to address issues in speaking, and 7) Termination, using expressions to end a conversation. For each strategy, guidelines are provided on how to effectively implement and manage discussion dynamics.

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NicoleMendoza
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9K views

ORAL COMM Communication Strategies

This document discusses communication strategies used in oral communication. It outlines 7 key strategies: 1) Nomination, which involves selecting topics and participants, 2) Restriction, which limits discussion topics or participants, 3) Turn-taking, where speakers yield the floor, 4) Topic control, where the main speaker guides the discussion topic, 5) Topic shifting, which changes the discussion direction, 6) Repair, to address issues in speaking, and 7) Termination, using expressions to end a conversation. For each strategy, guidelines are provided on how to effectively implement and manage discussion dynamics.

Uploaded by

NicoleMendoza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT C.

Participant may use verbal/nonverbal cues to indicate


their desire to speak.
Communicative/Communication Strategies D. The speaker may restrict participants when they try to
join the discussion without being nominated.
COMMUNICATION STRATEGY
- A plan of action or a technique that a communicator 3) TURN TAKING
uses in order to help the communication process to  A participant stops speaking and yields the floor
be successful. to another participant so he/she can speak.

Types of Communication Strategy Turn Taking Acts


 KEEP TURN – a speaker must not stop until he
1) NOMINATION fulfills his purpose in a conversation.
 Topic and participant selection  RELEASE TURN – a speaker is finished talking
 Can be use in formal/informal situations and is ready to yield the floor to the other
participant.
Sample Expressions/Phrases  TAKE TURN – another participants can take the
- “I was late again! The MRT stopped midway.” role of the speaker.
- “Let’s hear it from Jepoy.”
- “Do you have anything to say?” “Signals and Cues”
- “Let’s start the meeting regarding the sales of our a) INTONATION
company this month.” - Falling intonation
- Rising intonation : climax of her/her point,
2) RESTRICTION clarifications and confirmation, disbelief
 Limiting a topic or a participant in a discussion b) VERBAL CUES
(specifying a topic) - Calling their names
- Sentence connectors
Sample Expressions/Phrases c) NONVERBAL CUES/GESTURES
- “Brainstorm about Transportation and Communication - Raising one’s hand
in the Philippines.” - Pointing a participant
- “The arrest move was a disaster waiting to happen. - Fixing a gaze on a participant
Do you agree?” (Yes/No)
4) TOPIC CONTROL
TWO FACTORS TO CONSIDER FOR NOMINATION AND  The main speaker manipulates the discussion in
RESTRICTION order to maintain its flow without changing the
i. SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS. Determine the specific topic. (focusing on a topic)
role of the participants. a) SENTENCE TOPIC – specific
a) HIGHER AUTHORITIES – refer to those who are b) DISCOURSE TOPIC – general
assigned to control the flow of the conversation.
b) LOWER AUTHORITIES – refer to participants 5) TOPIC SHIFTING
who start as listeners and are then nominated to  Occurs when one intentionally or unintentionally
be speakers when called. changes the direction of the flow of ideas in a
ii. ENVIRONMENT. Setting of the conversation. conversation.
Determines the role of the speakers.  Can either be planned or unplanned.
a) ONE ON ONE COMMUNICATION – there are
only two participants. Happens when:
Example: Tutorials and interviews - There is silence.
b) GROUP COMMUNICATION – there are more - The current topic is unfamiliar.
than two participants. - He/she is not interested on the topic.
Example: Debates, panels, discussions, forums - He/she associates certain subjects or ideas to the
current topic.
GUIDELINES FOR NOMINATION AND RESTRICTION
A. The main speaker should state the topic that will be TWO WAYS TO SHIFT A TOPIC
discussed. i. SPEAKING TOPICALLY. Phrases from the last
B. Call the participants by their names to properly statement.
nominate them. ii. SPEAKING ON THE TOPIC. A word from the topic.
VIOLATION IN COMMUNICATION SITUATIONS
a) Grabbing the floor
b) Overlapping
c) Hogging the floor
d) Being silent
e) Trouble in speaking, hearing or understanding

6) REPAIR
 Set of practices where a participant interrupts the
ongoing course of action to attend to possible
trouble in speaking. (Schlegloff, Jefferson and
Sacks, 1977)

Types of Repair
 Self-initiated, self-repair
 Other-initiated, self-repair
 Self-initiated, other-repair
 Other-initiated, other-repair

7) TERMINATION
 Participants’ use of expressions to end a
conversation.

GUIDELINES IN REPAIR AND TERMINATION


A. Recognizing the violation
B. Shifting back to the main topic
C. Asking leading questions
D. The conversation may be terminated…

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