3GPP Telecommunication Systems Long Term Evolution (LTE) : Gert-Jan Van Lieshout
3GPP Telecommunication Systems Long Term Evolution (LTE) : Gert-Jan Van Lieshout
2012-06-05
Outline
! Introduction [4]-[9]
! 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
! Start of LTE
! Overall LTE architecture
! Summary [56]
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I Introduction
(China) (Korea)
(Japan) (Japan)
www.
3gpp.org
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Why LTE ?
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LTE: Overall architecture
Source: TS23.401
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LTE: Basic principle
UE
Uu Network / “Infrastructure side”
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LTE: Basic principle
UE E-UTRAN CN
Uu S1
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II E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN Release-8
• E-UTRAN architecture
• User Plane protocol Stack
• Control Plane protocol Stack
• Specific Features:
• Quality of Service
• Mobility
E-UTRAN Architecture
S1
S1
S1
S1
! eNBs are also connected to the Evolved X2 E-UTRAN
Packet Core (EPC) eNB eNB
X2
X2
Management Entity (MME) via the
S1-C (control) interface eNB
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E-UTRAN architecture
E-UTRAN Functions
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E-UTRAN protocol stack: User Plane
UE eNB
RLC RLC
PHY PHY
! ciphering
! timer-based discard and header compression using the RoHC protocol
! in-sequence delivery, retransmission and duplicate detection of PDCP SDUs at handover
Radio Bearers
! RLC (Radio Link Control) – 36.322 ROHC ROHC
! reliability increase through retransmissions PDCP
Security Security
! segmentation and concatenation of SDUs for the
same radio bearer
! in-sequence delivery RLC
Segm.
...
Segm.
ARQ etc ARQ etc
Transport Channels
UL-SCH
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E-UTRAN protocol stack: User Plane
H H H
PDCP
H H H
RLC PDU RLC PDU
MAC
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E-UTRAN protocol stack: Control Plane
UE eNB MME
NAS NAS
RRC RRC
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
PHY PHY
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E-UTRAN protocol stack: Control Plane
! Idle mode
! UE known in EPC, not in EUTRAN
! UE has an IP address and its location known on Tracking Area level
! UE-based cell-selection and tracking area update to EPC
! MME initiates paging in the whole tracking areas indicated by the UE
! Connected mode
! Unicast data communication possible
! UE known in E-UTRAN and its location known on Cell level
! Mobility is UE-assisted, network-controlled
! Discontinuous Data Reception (DRX) supported for power saving
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E-UTRAN Mobility
S1 S1
S1-connection Y
eNB TA 403
(Tracking Area)
UE1 ->
Cell X
= Data
record RRC-connection
X
Cells TA 403
(Tracking Area)
UE 2, Idle mode
ö
mode
w l d s e d r ö
s j
e d j f t a
a a a a f
f f k r l i d l
q s k q s
l r l l d r ö ö u a
w d w
d r ö ö j t a o ö d
s e j e d
f t a f f i d l l k
a a f
k i d l l u a d k s
q s r l r
d ö u a ö ö o ö d k d f
w l r ö r
j t a o ö d t a l k l j
e d
f f i d l l k i d l d k s c
l u a d k s u a k d f
r
ö ö o ö d k d f o ö d l j .
r
t a l k l j l k c
i d l d k s c d k s
u a k d f k d f .
o ö d l j . l j
l k c c
d k s
k d f . .
l j
c
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E-UTRAN QOS
End-to-End QOS
E-UTRAN EPC Internet
End-to-end Service
Radio S1 S5/S8 Gi
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E-UTRAN QOS
QOS: Reliability
! L1
applies
24
bit
CRC
protec@on
to
transport
blocks
(MAC
PDUs)
! erroneous
transport
blocks
are
discarded
on
L1
! Hybrid
ARQ
(HARQ)
protocol
in
MAC
+
ARQ
protocol
in
RLC
! high
reliability
and
radio
efficiency
! HARQ
feedback
sent
on
L1/L2
control
channel
! Single,
un-‐coded
bit
(low
overhead)
! Sent
for
each
scheduled
subframe
(fast)
! Retransmissions
are
so\-‐combined
with
previous
a]empt
(efficient)
! ARQ
status
report
sent
as
MAC
data
! RLC
Status
is
sent
on
demand
(poll,
@mer,
gap
detec@on)
! protected
by
CRC
and
HARQ
retransmissions
! Both
HARQ
and
ARQ
protocols
operate
between
the
eNB
and
UE
! fast
handling
of
residual
HARQ
errors
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E-UTRAN QOS
UMTS
Appl
IP PDCP: Packet Data Convergence
PDCP GTP-U
PDCP GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U E.g. Protocol
L2TP a.o.: header compression
RLC
MAC
RLC
MAC
REL-99 UDP
UDP UDP UDP or
IP
tunnel RLC (UMTS): Radio Link Control
MAC-hs MAC-hs FP
UMTS
MAC-e
RF
UMTS
MAC-e
RF ATM
REL-5/6ATM FP IP
ATM
IP
ATM
IP
L2
IP
L2
IP
L2
UMTS UMTS
RF RF L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
UE Uu Node-B Iub SRNC Iu SGSN Gn GGSN Gi
LTE
UE eNB
PDCP PDCP
LTE:
RLC RLC
• MAC: performs retransmissions to obtain loss rate of around E-2
MAC MAC • RLC: retransmissions up to loss rate of around E-6 or lower
• PDCP: retransmissions at intra-LTE handover
PHY PHY
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E-UTRAN QOS
QOS: Latency
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E-UTRAN Mobility
Mobility
! IDLE: Cell Reselection
! UE controlled cell reselection
! UE decides when to change cell, influenced by network steering parameters
! CONNECTED: Handover
! UE-assisted :
! Measurements are made and reported by the UE to the network
! Network-controlled :
! Target cell is selected by the network, not by the UE and Handover control in E-UTRAN (not
in packet core)
! Lossless:
! Packets are forwarded from the source to the target
! Late path switch:
! Only once the handover is successful, the packet core is involved
! Two handover approaches:
! S1-handover (“normal handover“ conform GSM/UMTS; no inter-eNB connection required)
! X2-handover (see next slides)
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E-UTRAN Mobility: Handover
Mobility: X2-Handover(1)
Source
eNB
Target
eNB
! HO
decision
is
made
and
X2 target
eNB
is
selected
by
the
source
eNB
measurements
control plane UE
user plane
user data
control plane signalling
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E-UTRAN Mobility: Handover
Mobility: X2-Handover(2)
control plane UE
user plane
user data
control plane signalling
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E-UTRAN Mobility: Handover
Mobility: X2-Handover(3)
S1-MME S1-U
! Data
forwarding
ini@ated
towards
the
target
eNB
Source Target
eNB eNB
X2
HO command
control plane UE
user plane
user data
control plane signalling
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E-UTRAN Mobility: Handover
Mobility: X2-Handover(3)
Source Target
eNB eNB
X2
HO confirm
control plane UE
user plane
user data
control plane signalling
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E-UTRAN Mobility: Handover
Mobility: X2-Handover(4)
MME
! Target
eNB
requests
EPC
to
switch
the
data
path
S-GW ! eNB
→
MME
:
path
switch
request
control plane UE
user plane
user data
control plane signalling
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E-UTRAN Mobility: Handover
Mobility: X2-Handover(5)
control plane UE
user plane
user data
control plane signalling
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E-UTRAN: Beyond Release-8
Release-10
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E-UTRAN: Beyond Release-8
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E-UTRAN: Behond Release-8
! Basic Concept
! When CA is configured, the UE only has one PCC PCell
RRC connection with the network
SCC SCell
! At RRC connection establishment, one serving
cell provides the NAS mobility information SCC SCell
(e.g. TAI) / security input: Primary Cell (PCell)
! In the downlink, the carrier corresponding to the
PCell is the Downlink Primary Component Carrier
(DL PCC) while in the uplink it is the Uplink Primary
Component Carrier (UL PCC)
! The configured set of serving cells for a UE therefore always consists of one Pcell
and one or more SCells
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E-UTRAN: Beyond Release-8
Radio Bearers
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E-UTRAN: Beyond Release-8
• PS CN evolution
Gb
HLR
Iu
UTRAN IP
Uu GSN Gi
Iu PS-domain
CN
Two CN domains:
- Circuit-Switched (CS) domain
- Packet-Switched (PS) domain
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CN Architecture
RRC RRC
PDCP PDCP
! Only 1 CN domain
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
! GSM/UMTS: CS & PS
PHY PHY
! LTE: Only PS
! Resulting in large simplication of procedures
! UMTS UE always registered in Location Area (CS: MSC) and Routing Area (PS: SGSN)
! LTE UE only registered in Tracking Area (MME)
Source: TS23.401
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Signalling Sequence Example: Connection Establishment
GW MME
CN
INITIAL UE MSG
E-RAB (U-plane)
E-UTRAN
E-UTRAN
SRB
Radio Bearer Service
(CCCH)
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Signalling Sequence Example: Bearer Establishment
1. Session Modification
(A)
2. Create Bearer Request
IP
RB GPRS GPRS
Network
Tunnel Tunnel IP-packets
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PS evolution: IMS
PS-CN evolution
! Normally uses dynamic IP addresses, only allocated to the UE
when the UE establishes a PDP context;
! Results in “pull-based” approach (dial-up approach);
! Very limited support for “push-based” services;
! No standardised way for establishing sessions with other users
! How to establish a video session, audio session with somebody on the Internet ?
E.g. user wants to start chess game with peer user ? What
signalling to use ?
! Network convergence (removal of CS CN)
! Operator could leave choice to user:
! Multitude of different solutions
! Less control
! Charging might be complicated
! Need a protocol that is suitable for session establishment,
modification and release, and that addresses the “pull limitation”.
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PS evolution: IMS
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PS evolution: IMS
Irma Erik
INVITE sip:[email protected] SIP/2.0
INVITE
Via: SIP/2.0/UDP server1.kpn.nl:5060; branch=d987fsdjhff
Max-Forwards: 70
180 Ringing To: Erik <sip: [email protected]>
From: Irma <sip: [email protected]>; tag=98774
200 OK Call-ID: 123456789”server1.kpn.nl
Cseq: 1 INVITE
Subject: When do we meet ?
ACK Contact: [email protected]
Content-Type: application/SDP
Media Session Content-Length: 158
SDP content………
BYE
200 OK
! Peer-to-Peer
! Text based
! Transport can use UDP, TCP or SCTP
! Without Proxy, IP address of peer user needs to be known
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PS evolution: IMS
ACK
Media Session
BYE
200 OK
S-CSCF
SIP signalling
C
h
4
a
a
q
s
n
n
s
a
e
l
l
k
P-CSCF I-CSCF
w d
s
e d j
a a
s f f
q k
w l d r l
d r ö ö
s e j
f t a
a a f
k r l i d l
q s
l d r ö ö u a
w ö
d j t a o d
e
f f i d l l k
l u a d k s
r
ö ö o ö d k d f
r
t a l k l j
User Traffic
i d l d k s c
u a k d f
o ö d l j .
l k c
d k s
k d f .
l j
c
GPRS/UMTS
IP Multimedia CN Subsystem
Access
UPDATE:
200 OK Update session without changing
200 OK State of dialog
200 OK
200 OK SIP Response messages
100 Trying:
UPDATE hop-by-hop progress indication
UPDATE
UPDATE
UPDATE
180:
Alerting is taking place
200 OK
200 OK 183:
200 OK 180 End-to-end progess (e.g. establi
200 OK 180 sh one-way media for ring tone,
180 200 OK busy tone or announcement “you
180 200 OK call is being diverted”))
200 OK
200 OK 200 OK:
1) Accept session invitation
ACK 2) General confirmation stopping
ACK
ACK retransmissions
ACK
Media Session
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PS evolution: IMS
5) INVITE
6) SDP negotiation
9) Session in Progress
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PS evolution: IMS
Source: TS23.401
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Long Term Evolution; non-3GPP accesses
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Long Term Evolution; non-3GPP accesses
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Long Term Evolution; non-3GPP accesses
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IV Summary
Summary
! E-UTRAN
! LTE RAN brings a new flat RAN architecture with high throughput/capacity
! PS CN evolution
! Enhanced Packet Core (EPC) / IP Multimedia Core Network System (IMS)
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V Backup Slides
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