UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AND CONVERSION FACTORS

S. NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

1. Linear including Surveyor’s & Nautical 1&2

2. Circular 2

3. Surface / Area 3

4. Volumetric including Cubic Measure,

Dry Measure, Liquid Measure, Old Liquid Measure,
Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure and Shipping Measure. 4&5

5. Weight including Avoirudupois (commercial) Troy

(for weighing gold & silver) and Apothecaries’ weight 6&7

6. Velocity 8

7. Pressure 9

8. Density including Hydrometer Scales. 10

9. Temperature 11

10. Viscosity 12

11. Thermal Conductivity 13

12. Work or Energy 14

13. Heat Transfer 15

14. Hydraulic Equivalents 16

15. Miscellaneous 17

REFERENCES: B.S. 350 Pt. 1:1959

B.S. 350 Pt. 2:1962
Machinery’ Hand Book
Fowler’s Mechanical Engineer’s Pocket Book
A.S.T.M./A.P.I. Petroleum Measurement Table
Kempe’s Engineers Year Book Vol. I
‘Crane’ Engineering Data
‘Temkon’ Catakigye
Donkin’s “Hydraulics of flow in pipes”
LINEAR

MICROMETRE (MICRON) = 0.000001 Metre

= 0.001 Millimetre

METRE = 100 Centimetres

= 39.370147 Inches
= 3.2808456 Ft.
= 1.0936152 Yds.
= 0.5468 Fathom
= 0.00062137 Miles
= 0.0005396 Nautical Miles

KILOMETRE = 1000 Metres

 = 3280.84 Feet
= 49.71 Chains
= 4.971 Furlongs
= 0.62137 Statute Mile
= 1.539593 Nautical Mile

MIL (MILLI-INCH) = 0.001 Inch

MICRO-INCH = 0.000001 Inch

= (10-6 in)

INCH = 2.54 Centimetres

= 0.08333 Feet
= 0.02777 Yards
= 0.01389 Fathoms
= 0.005 Poles
= 0.000126 Furlongs
= 0.0001894 Miles

FOOT = 12 Inches
= 0.3048 Metres
= 0.3333 Yards
= 0.166667 Fathoms
= 0.0606 Poles
= 0.001515 Furlongs
= 0.0001894 Miles

YARD = 3 Feet
= 0.91439841 Metres
= 0.9144 Metres (International Yar)
= 0.50 Fathoms
 = 0.1818 Poles
= 0.004545 Furlongs
= 0.04545 Chains
= 0.000568 Miles

FATHOM = 2 Yards
= 1.8288 Metres
= 0.364 Poles
= 0.0091 Furlongs
= 0.001136 Miles.

POLE, ROD OR PERCH = 5.50 Yards

= 5.0292 Metres
= 0.2499 Chains
= 0.025 Furlongs
= 0.003125 Miles

CHAIN = 100 Links

= 22 Yards
= 20.1168 Metres
= 4 Poles

FURLONG = 220 Yards

= 201.168 Metres
= 40 Poles
= 10 Chains
= 0.125 Miles

MILE (Br.) = Statute Mile (U.S.)

= 1.609344 KM.
= 5280 Feet
 = 1760 Yard
= 320 Poles
= 80 Chains

MILE INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL = 4.6118 Statute Mile (U.S.)

= 7.422 Milometres
= 24350.3 Feet
= 1/15 of 1 Degree at Equator

MILE INTERNATIONAL NAUTICAL = 1.852 Kilometres

= 6076.12 Feet
= 1/60 of 1 Degree of Meridian at
Equator

MILE NAUTICAL (Br.) = 1.15152 Statute Mile (U.S.)

= 1.85318 Kilometre
= 6080 Feet

MILE NAUTICAL (U.S.) = 1.000034 Nautical Mile (Br.)

= 1.15155 Statute Mile (U.S.)
Now use International = Sea Mile (U.S.)
Nautical (Since 1954) = Geographical Mile (U.S.)
= 6080.20 Feet
= 1 Minute of Earth’s
Circumference

MILE STATUTE OR LAND (U.S.) = Mile (Br.)

NAUTICAL MEASURE:
1 League = 3 Nautical Miles

1 Degree at the Equator = 60 Nautical Miles

= 69.096 Statute Miles

360 Degrees = 21600 Nautical Miles

= 24,874.5 Statute Miles
= Circumference of Earth at the
Equator.

CIRCULAR:

RADIAN = 57.29578 Degrees

DEGREE = 0.0174533 Radian

 SURFACE

SQ. CENTIMETRE = 0.1550 Sq. Inches

= 0.0010764 Sq. Feet
= 0.000119599 Sq. Yards

SQ. INCH = 6.4516 Sq. Centimetres

= 0.0069494 Sq. Feet
= 0.000771605 Sq. Yards

SQ.FOOT = 0.092903 Sq. Metres

= 0.111111 Sq. Yards

SQ. YARD = 1296 Sq. Inches

= 9 Sq. Feet
= 0.836127 Sq. Metres
= 0.0330579 Sq. Poles
= 0.0020657 Sq. Chains
= 0.0008264 Roods
= 0.0002066 Acres

SQ. PPOLE, SQ. ROD OR SQ. PERCH = 25.2929 Sq. Metres

= 272.25 Sq. Feet
= 30.25 Sq. Yards
= 0.025 Roods
= 0.00625 Acres

SQ. CHAIN = 484 Sq. Yards

1 chain = 22 Yds = 404.6848 Sq. Metres
= 16 Sq. Poles
 = 0.4 Roods
= 0.1 Acres

ROOD (Seldom used in the U.S.A.) = 1011.712 Sq. Metres

= 10890 Sq. Feet
= 1210 Sq. Yards
= 40 Sq. Poles
= 2.5 Sq. Chains
= 0.25 Acres

ACRE = 4046.848 Sq. Metres

= 10 Sq. Chains = 4840 Sq. Yards
= 160 Sq. Poles
= 10 Sq. Chains
= 4 Roods
= 0.0015625 Sq. Miles

ARE = 100 Sq. Metres

= 3.9537 Sq. Rods
= 0.024711 Acres

HECTARE = 0.01 Sq. Kilometres

= 100 Ares
= 107639 Sq. Feet
= 2.4711 Acres
= 0.003861 Sq. Miles

SQ. MILE = 2.58999 Sq. Kilometres

= 258.999 Hectares
= 640 Acres
Note:

1 ground = 270 Sq. yds

= 2400 Sq. Ft.

18 grounds = 100 cents = 1 Acre

 CAPACITY

CUBIC CENTIMETRE = 0.0610 Cubic Inches

= 0.00176 Pints (Imperial)
= 0.002113 Pints (U.S.)

CUBIC INCH = 16.387 Cubic Centimetres

= 0.016387 Litres
= 0.0005787 Cubic Feet
= 0.003604 Gallons (Imperial)
= 0.004329 Gallons (U.S.)

CUBIC FOOT = 1728 Cubic Inches

= 28.3161 Litres
= 0.037037 Cubic Yards
= 0.7786 Bushels
= 6.229 Gallons (Imperial)
= 7.480 Gallons (U.S.)

CUBIC YARD = 27 Cubic Feet

= 764.53 Litres
= 21.0223 Bushels
= 168.176 Gallons (Imperial)
= 202.373 Gallons (U.S.)

BUSHEL (U.K.) = 1.28435 Cubic Feet

= 0.047568 Cubic Yards
= 8 Gallons (Imperial)

BARREL (U.S.) = 31½ and 31 Gallons (U.S.)

= 34.9726 Gallons (Imperial)
 (Petroleum)

Has various values for = 42 Gallons (U.S. Standard Oil Co.

Various purposes = 9702 Cubic Inches)
= 158.984 Litres) Based on 42 U.Gallons

GALLON IMPERIAL (Br.) = 1.200954 gallons (U.S.)

= 277.42 Cubic Inches
= 0.160544 Cubic Feet
= 0.125 Bushels
= 0.005946 Cubic Yards
= 32 Gills (Br.)
= 8 Pints (Br.) = 160 OUNCE (Br.)
= 4 Quarts (Br.)
= 4.545963 Litres
GALLON LIQUID (U.S.) = 0.83268 Gallons (Br.)
= 231.00 Cubic Inches
= 0.13368 Cubic Feet
= 32 Gills (U.S.)
= 8 Pints, Liquid (U.S.)
= 4 Quarts, Liquid (U.S.)
= 3.78533 Litres.

GILL (Br.) = 0.03125 Gallons (Br.)

= 0.25 Pints (Br.)
= 0.125 Quarts (Br.)

GILL (U.S.) = 0.03125 Gallons (U.S.)

= 0.25 Pints (U.S.)
= 0.125 Quarts (U.S.)
PINT (U.K.) = 34.68 Cubic Inches
= 0.125 Gallons (Br.)
= 0.020068 Cubic Feet
= 0.568245 Litre
= 4 Gills (Br.)
= 0.5 Quart (Br.)
= 20 OUNCE (Br.)

PINT. U.S. (ap.) = Ordinary U.S. Liquid Pint

= 128 Fluid U.S. Drams (ap.)
= 16 Fluid U.S. Oz. (ap.)
= 0.473166 Litres

PINT U.S. (Dry) = 0.5 Quarts U.S. (Dry)

= 0.550598 Litres

PINT U.S. (Liquid) = 0.125 Gallons (U.S.)

= 4 Gills (U.S.)
= 0.5 Quarts, Liquid (U.S.)
= 0.473166 Litres

QUART (Br.) = 0.25 Gallons (Br.)

= 1.03205 Quarts U.S. (Dry)
= 1.2009 Quarts U.S. (Liquid)
= 1.136490 Litres

QUART U.S. (Dry) = 2 Pints U.S. (Dry)

= 67.201 Cubic Inches
= 0.088893 Cubic Feet
= 1.101196 Litres
QUART U.S. (Liquid) = 0.25 Gallons (U.S.)
= 0.94633 Litres

OUNCE (Br.) = 1.734 Cubic Inches

= 0.02841 Litres

OUNCE FLUID U.S. (ap.) = 480 Miniums U.S. (ap.)

= 8 Fluid Drams U.S. (ap.)
= 1/16 Pint U.S. (ap.)
= 1.80469 Cubic Inches
= 0.0295729 Litres

HOGSHEAD, LIQUID (U.S.) = 63 Gallons

= 2 Barrels of 31½ Gallons (U.S.)
= 238.4758 Litres

LITRE = 1000 Milli Litres

= 1000.028 Cm3
1 Cub. m. = 1000 litres = 61.0255 Cubic Inches
= 0.0353156 Cubic Feet
= 0.00130799 Cubic Yards
= 0.0062899 Barrels (U.S.)
= 0.219975 Gallons (Br.)
= 0.264179 Gallons, Liquid (U.S.)
= 1.75980 Pints (Br.)
= 1.8162 Pints, Dry (U.S.)
= 2.11342 Pints, Liquid (U.S.)
= 1.0567 Quarts, Liquid (U.S.)
= 0.01 Hecto litre

SHIPPING MEASURE:
For measuring entire internal capacity of a vessel:

1 Register Ton = 100 Cubic Feet.

For measurement of Cargo:

Approximate 40 C. Ft. of merchandise is considered a shipping ton, unless that bulk would weigh more than 2000 lbs., in
which case the freight charge may be based upon weight.

20 drops (Water) = 1 Gram

 WEIGHT

GRAM = 5 Carats (Metric)

= 15.43235 Grains
= 0.771618 Scruples
= 0.564383 Drams (av.)
= 0.257206 Drachms (ap.)
= 0.035274 Oz. (av.)
= 0.0321507 Oz. (Troy or ap.)
= 0.0022046 Lb. (av.)

QUITAL = 100 Kilograms

= 220.46 Lbs.

GRAIN (Av.) = 0.0648 Grams

= 1/7000 Lb. (av.)

GRAIN (Troy, ap.) = 1/5760 Lb. (Troy or ap.) (U.S. on)

DRAM (av.) = 0.455729 Drachms (ap.)

= 1.77185 Grams
= 27.34375 Grains
= 1/16 Oz (av.)
= 0.0039 Lb. (av.)

DRACHM (ap.) = 2.19429 Drams (av.)

= 3.887935 Grams
= 3 Scruples
= 60 Grains
= 1/8 Oz. (Troy or ap.)
OUNCE (av.) = 0.911458 Oz. (ap.)
= 28.3495 Grams
= 16 Drams (av.)
= 437.5 Grains
= 1/16 Lb. (av.)

OUNCE (Troy or ap.) = 31.1035 Grams

= 8 Drachms (ap.)
= 24 Scruples
= 480 Grains
= 0.06857 Lb. (av.)
= 1/12 Lb. (ap.) (U.S. only)

POUND (av.) = 453.59237 Grams

= 256 Drams
= 7000 Grains
= 16 Oz. (av.)
= 14.5833 Oz. (Troy or ap.)
= 1.21528 Lb. (Troy or ap.)

POUND (Troy or ap.) = 96 Drams (ap.)

Apothecaries = 5760 Grains
= 12 Oz. (Troy or ap.)
= 0.822855 Lb. (av.)

SCRUPLE (ap.) = 20 Grains

= ⅓ Drachms (ap.)
= 1/24 Oz. (Troy or ap.)
TON, LONG OR GROSS = 1.12 Short or Net Tons
= 1.01605 Metric Tonne
= 2240 Lb. (av.)

TON, SHORT OR NET = 0.892857 Long or Gross Ton

= 0.907185 Metric Tonne
= 2000 Lb. (av.)

TON, METRIC = 1000 Kilograms

(TONNE, TONNEAU, MILLIER, BAR.) = 0.984207 Long Ton
= 2204.62 Lb. (av.)

TON PETROLEUM = 275 Imperial Gallons (ap.)

@ S.G. = .8136
 VELOCITY

KNOT (U.K.) = 6080 Ft. Per Hour

= 1.15 Miles per Hour

= 1853 Metres per Hour

KNOT (INTERNATIONAL) = 6076 Feet per Hour

= 1852 Metres per Hour

1 ft./Sec. = 30.48 Cm./Sec

1 Metre/Sec. = 3.28084 Ft./Sec.

International Standard Value

Of acceleration due to
Gravity at sea level = 980.665 Cm./Sec.2

= 32.1740 Ft. /Sec.2

 Thermal Conductivity in mw/ cm oC

To Convert Values From mw/cm deg C to KCal / mh deg

Kiloealories Milliwalts

M hr ºc Cmºc

1 11.630

0.085985 1
Weight and Volume

1 gal (US) = 231 cu. In.

= 0.13368 cu. Ft.

1 lmp. gal. = 277.274 cu. In.

1 cu. Ft. = 7.4805 gal

= 1728 cu. In.

1 cu. Ft. water at 60ºF = 62.37 lb

1cu. Ft. water at 212ºF = 59.76 lb

1gal. Water at 60ºF = 8.34 lb

1 gal. Water at 212ºF = 7.99 lb

1 lb. (avdp) = 16 oz
= 700 grains

1 bushel = 1.244 cu. Ft.

1 short ton = 2000 lb

1 lb. Of acetylene gas in Cylinder, Can normally be taken as occupying 14.5 cu. ft.
Power, work etc.,

1 ton refrigeration = 199.038 Btu / min

Latent heat of Ice = 143.33 Btu per pound

1 Btu = 0.293 watt hours

= 252.02 mean Calories

1 watt hour = 3.415 Btu

= 3600 Joules
= 860.648 mean Calories

1 mean Calorie = 3.085 ft. lb.

= 0.0011619 watt-hours

1 Kilowatt = 1.3405 Hp
= 56.92 Btu / min
= 44,252.7 ft. lb-min

1 HP = 0.746 Kw
= 42.44 Btu / min
= 33,000 ft. lb / min

1 boiler HP = 33,523.7 Btu / hour

 Hydraulic Equivalents

1 foot head = 0.434 lb / □”

1 lb / □” = 2.31 ft. of water

1 Imperial Gallon = 277.274 cub. In.

= 0.16045 cub. In.

= 10 lb
1 cub. Ft. of sea water = 64 lb.
1 cub. In. of sea water = 0.037037 lb
1 cub. Ft. of water = 62.32 lb
1 cub in of water = 0.03616 lb
A Cylindrical ft. of water = 48.96 lb
A Cylindrical in. of water = 0.0284 lb
A Column of water 12 in. long 1” sq. = 0.434 lb = .0434 gln.
A Column of water 12 in. long 1” dia = 0.340 lb. = .034 gln.
Capacity of a 12 in. cube = 6.232 glns.
Capacity of a 1ft. dia. 1ft. long = 4.896 gln.
Capacity of a Cylindrical inch = 0.002832 gln.
Capacity of a Cubic inch = 0.003606 gln.
Capacity of a Sphere 12” dia = 3.263 gln.
Capacity of a Sphere 1” dia = 0.00188 gln.
1 Imperial gallon = 1.2 U.S. gln = 4.543 litres of water
1 U.S. gallon = 231.0 cub. In. = 0.83 imp. gln = 3.8 litres of water
1 cub. Ft. of water = 6.232 imp. gln. = 7.476 U.S. gallons
= 28.375 litres of water

1 litre of water = .22 imp. gln. = .264 U.S. gln. = 61 cub. In

= .0353 cub. Ft.

1 metre ton of water (or) 1 cub metre of water = 2200 lb (approx)

 PRESSURE

STANDARD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURES AT SEA LEVEL

@ 32ºF (0ºC) = 760 m.m. of Mercury

= 29.9213 Inch of Mercury
= 14.6959 p.s.i.
= 33.8985 Ft. of Water
= 1.03323 kg./Sq. Cm.

@ 62ºF (16.667ºC) = 762 m.m. of Mercury

= 30 Inch of Mercury
= 14.734 p.s.i.
= 1.03593 Kg./Sq. Cm.

At 0ºC (32ºF) Mercury weighs 13.5955 Gm./C.C.

LB. SQ. INCH (P.S.I.) = 0.0680460 Atmosphere

= 27.6804 Inch of Water
= 2.3067 Ft. of Water
= 2.036 Inch of Mercury
= 0.070307 Kg./Sq. Cm.

INCH WATER GAUGE = 5.2 Lbs. Per Sq. Ft.

= 69 Ft. Column of Standard Air

INCH OF WATER = 0.0361266 p.s.i.

= 5.2022 Lb./Sq. Ft.
= 0.073554 Inch of Mercury
FT. OF WATER = 0.43352 p.s.i.
= 62.428 Lb./Sq. Ft.
= 0.088267 Inch of Mercury

INCH OF MERCURY = 13.5955 Inch of Water

= 1.1329 Ft. of Water
= 0.49117 p.s.i.

INCH OF MERCURY AT 0ºC = 0.0345316 Kg. Per Sq. Cm.

CM. OF MERCURY = 0.1934 p.s.i.

KG. SQ. CM. = 14.223 Lbs. Per Sq. Inch

0.2 in wg. =0.007 psi

2 in wg. = 07 psi

1 psi = 100/7x2 28.57 in

14.7 psi = 28.57/12 x 14.7
2.38

1” watt = 0361266
12 14.6959 psi
33.8985 ft
]
33.8985x12
14.6959
4068820
1 psi 27.656709 in
1 in = 036118
 DENSITY

LB. PER C. INCH = 27.68 Gm. Per C. Cm.

GM. PER C. CM. = 0.03613 Lbs. Per C. Inch.

LB. PER C. FT. = 16.0185 Kg. Per C. M.

KG. PER C. M. = 0.06243 Lbs. Per C. Ft.

Sp. Gr. Of distilled water = 1 at 4ºC and 760 mm pressure

Density of water is max.

At 4ºC when its value is
1 Kg./Litre = 0.999972 Gm/C.C
= 62.426 Lb./C. Ft.

Density of dry air at 15ºC,

A pressure of 760 mm of Mercury
And standard gravity is = 0.001226 Gm./C.C.
= 0.0765 Lb./C.Ft.

HYDROMETER SCALES

Liquids heavier than water Degrees Twaddell

Degrees Baume

Liquids lighter than water API

Baume’
ºAPI = 141.5 -131.5
Sp.Gr.

ºBaume’ = 144.3 - 134.3

Sp. Gr.

TEMPERATURE

5
oF
t = ----- (t - 32)oC
9

9
oF
t = ----- (t + 32)oC
5

Abs. Zero F.P. of Water B.P. of Water

oF - 459.6 32 212

oq -273.16 0 100
Abs. Temp. in oC are known as degrees Kelvin

Abs. Temp. in oF are known as degrees Rankine

 VISCOSTY

ABSOLUTE (DYNAMIC)

1DYNE SEC. PER SQ. CM. = 0.0672 Lbs (Sec.) per Sq. Ft.,

KINEMATIC

1 SQ. CM. PER SEC. = 0.001076 Sq. Ft. Per Sec.

CGS Viscosity, Poise = 1 g/Cm. Sec.

= 100 Centipoise

Centipoise = 6.720 x 10-4 Lb. / Ft. Sec.

CGS Kinematic Viscosity, Stoke = 1 Cm2 / Sec.

= 100 Centistokes

Centistoke = 1.076 x 10-5 Ft.2 / Sec.

Viscosity µ (Mu)

British µ foot units = 0.002087 µ poises (CGS)

CGS µ poises = 479 µ foot units (British)

Kinematic Viscosity γ (Nu)

British µ foot units

 British γ foot units = ------------------------------
1.94 x Sp. Gr.

= Cos γ Stokes x 0.001076

CGS µ Poises
CGS Stokes γ = ---------------------
Sp. Gr.

= 929.4 γ British foot units

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

B. TH. U / SQ. FT. / IN. = 0.6895 gm. Calorie / sq. cm. / cm.

GM. CALORIE / SQ. CM. / CM. = 1.450 B. TH. U / sq. ft. / in.

B.TH. U / HR. / SQ. FT. / OF / IN = 0.0003447 gm. calorie / sec. / sq. cm. / OC cm.

B. TH. U/HR./SQ. FT./ OF / FT. = 0.04136 GM. calorie / sec. / sq. cm. / OC cm.
GM. CALORIE / SEC. / SQ.
CM. / OC / CM = 2901 B. TH. U / hr. / sq. ft. / OF. / in.

= 241.75 B. TH. U / hr. / sq. ft. / OF. / ft.

WORK ON ENERGY
1 Ft. Lb. = .138255 Kg. Met.
= .00000050505 H.P. Hr.

K.W. = 1000 Watts

= 737.18 Ft. Lb. / Sec.
= 1.34033 H.P.

B.O.T.U. (UNIT) = Kw. Hr.

= 3412.14 B. TH. U.

H.P. = 550 Ft. Lbs. / Sec.

= 33000 Ft. Lbs. / Min.
= 1980000 Ft. Lbs. / Hr.
= 746.08 W
= 1.014 Metric Hp.

1 Unit of Electricity will raise 5 Gallons of Water 68.24OF in 1 Hr.

1 B.T.U. = 778 Ft. Lbs.

1 H.P. Hr. = 0.74608 Kw. Hr.

= 2545.46 B.T.U.
= 1,980,000 Ft. Lbs.

1 Kw. Hr. = 1.34033 H.P. Hr.

= 3412.14 B.T.U.

1 lumen / sq. ft. = 1 ft. candle For further terms & conversions
lux = 1 metre. Candle see P. 785 Vol. II Kemp’s
1 lumen / Sq. ft. = 10.76 x L / □’ = lux

1 lumination received per W / □’

lumens / □’ of Foot Candles

W / □’ Floors cent Filament

½ 8 - 10 3 – 3½
1 16 - 20 6–7
2 33 – 39 12 – 15
3 50 – 59 18 – 22
Note:

Fouling Factor:

1 Kw = 860 Kcal

0.08806 m2 K / Kw

= 0.08806 / 860 m2 K / Kcal
(1)

1 m2 K / Kcal = 4.87 Sq. Ft. Deg F / Btu

0.08806
L (1) X 4.87 = --------------- x 4.87
860

= 0.000498
 ~ 0.005 FPS Units

(Sq. Ft. deg F / Btu)

From To

1) FF: m2 K / Kw m2 K / Kcal divide by 860

4.87
2
2) m K / Kw Sft Deg F / Btu X -----------
860

Kcal / m2 K = 1/4.87 Btu / Sft. F

= 0.205

HEAT TRANSFER
Note:

1 Ton R. = 12,000 Btu h

= 3020 Kcal / h

i.e. 1 Kcal / h = 4 Btu h (approx)

1 Kilo Cal / h = 3.968 BTU h

FRIGORIE
CALORIE KILOCALORIE = 1 Kg. Deg. C. = 1.8 Kg. Deg. F. = 3968 1b. deg. F
= 3968 B.T.U.

CALORIE PER SEC. = 45 Kg. Ice melting per hour

= 99 Lbs. ice melting per hour, referred to 68o F.

condenser outlet cooling water, 14o evaporation.

Normally referred to 77o F. CONDENSATION, 59O F. SUBCOOLED LIQUID, 14O F. EVAPORATION.

BRITISH TON REFRIGERATION (LITTLE USED)

= 2240 lbs. ice melting per 24 hours.

= 322, 000 BTU per 24 hours, referred to 68o F.

condenser outlet cooling water, 14o evaporation.

AMERICAN TON REFRIGERATION (T.R)

= 2000 lbs. ice melting per 24 hours

 = 12,000 BTU per hour
= 200 BTU per minute

referred to VARIOUS CONDITIONS AS UNDER:

STANDARD T.R. = 86O F. condensation

= 77o F. sub cooled liquid
= 5o F. evaporation superheated to 14oF

1 B.T.U. / HR. / SQ. FT. / OF. = 4.9 cal. / hr. / sq. m. / oC.

“STANDARD” AIR AT 600 F. and 80% at 30” hg.

OR 70o F. and 0% at 760 m.m. hg. (U.S.A. Standard)
OR 60o F. and 4% at 1,000 millibars.

= 0.075 lbs. per cubic ft.

= 13.33 cubic ft. per lb.
= 1.2 Kg. Per Cub. M.

ONE INCH WATER GAUGE = 5.2 lbs. Per Sq. Ft.

= 69 ft. column of standard air.

B.TH. U / Sq. Ft. = 0.2712 gram calorie per sq. cm.

GRAM CALORIE PER SQ. CM. = 3.687 B. TH.U. per Sq. Ft.

KG. Calorie / Hr. / Sq. M. / oC = 0.205 B.TH. U. per Sq. Ft. / oF

B.TH.U. / HR. / SQ. FT. / FO = 4.88 Kg Calorie / hr. / Sq. m. / oC

= 0.0001355 gram calorie / sec. /sq. cm. / oC

GM. Calorie / Sec. / Sq. CM. / oC = 7380 B.TH.U / hr. / Sq. ft. / oF.

Velocity head in ft. of air = V2 V = Vel. In f.p.s.

2g g = 32 ft. / sec.

Velocity head inches water gauge = V2

69 x 2g

1 Btu = 1 lb water raised through 1o F

L 100 gallons of water raised through 10oF = 100 g x 1016 x 10o = 10,000 Btuh
In one hour

1 Kcal = 1 Kg of water raised through 1oC

o o
L 100 Litres of water raised through1 C in one hour = 100 l x 1 Kg x 10 = 1000 Kcal / hr

HYDRAULIC EQUIVALENTS

CUBIC CENTIMETRE OF WATER AT 4O C. = 1 Gram

CUBIC INCH OF WATER AT 4O C. = 252.89 Grains

CUBIC INCH OF WATER AT 15O C. = 0.03616 Lbs

CUBIC FOOT OF WATER AT 4O C. = 62.43 Lbs

CUBIC INCH OF SEA WATER = 0.037037 lbs

CUBIC FOOT OF SEA WATER = 64 Lbs

CUBIC INCH OF WATER = 0.0735 Cu. Inch of Mercur

CUBIC INCH OF MERCURY = 0.491 Lbs

= 13.6 Cu. Inch of Water

IMP. GALLOM OF DISTILIED WATER AT

62OF & 30 Inch of mercury pressure = 10 lbs

U.S. GALLOM OF DISTILIED WATER AT

4OF & 30 Inch of mercury pressure = 8.345 lbs

Column of water 1” SQ. 12” LONG = 0.434 lbs

Column of water 1” DIA. 12” LONG = 0.34 lbs

Cylindrical Ft. of Water = 48.96 lbs

Cylindrical Inch of water = 0.0284 lbs

Capacity of a Cubic inch = 0.003606 Gallons

Capacity of a Sphere 1” DIA = 0.00188 Gallons

Capacity of a Cylindrical Inch = 0.002832 Gallons

Capacity of a Cubic Foot = 6.263 Gallons

Capacity of a Sphere 1 Ft. DIA = 3.263 Gallons

Capacity of a Cylindrical Foot = 4.896 Gallons

I.B. GAS OIL = 18 Cubic Ft. of Gas

1 Ton Petroleum = 275 Imp. Galls. (approx)

WEIGHT OF WATER:

4o C 62oF
(39.2oF) (16.66oC)

1 Litre 1.0 Kg 0.99780 Kg

1 Cubic 999.972 Kg 997.777 Kg

1 Cu. Ft. 62.428 Lb 62.288 Lb

1 Imp. Gallon 10.022 Lb. 10 Lb

1 U.S. Gallon 8.34506 Lb 8.32674 Lb

 MISCELLANEOUS

π = 3.14159265

1 Great Gross = 12 Gross

 = 144 Dozen

1 Gross = 12 Dozen
= 144 Units

1 Dozen = 12 Units

1 Score = 20 Units

1 Quire = 24 Sheets

1 Ream = 20 Quires
= 480 Sheets

1 Ream printing paper = 500 Sheets

 Plant room design guide

For 600 TR Chillers Kw Flow HEAD BHP BKW IKW/TR

IKW/TR Cum/Hr Cum/min USGPM M Ft

Chiller 379.00 0.65 360.00 0.60
Primary pump 22.00 0.04 315.00 5.25 1386.00 17.00 55.76 32.53 24.40 0.04
Secondary pump 90.00 0.15 524.00 8.73 2305.60 43.00 141.04 136.86 102.65 0.17
Cooling Tower 20.00 0.03 20.00 0.03
Condenser pumps 45.00 0.08 443.00 7.38 1949.20 25.50 83.64 68.62 51.46 0.09
556.00 0.95 558.50 0.93