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Problem Set 2.2: Xe y e y

The document presents 19 problems solving second-order linear differential equations. Each problem finds the general solution to the given ODE by first obtaining the auxiliary equation, then determining the roots to find the particular solutions and write the general solution involving the constants C1 and C2.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
2K views

Problem Set 2.2: Xe y e y

The document presents 19 problems solving second-order linear differential equations. Each problem finds the general solution to the given ODE by first obtaining the auxiliary equation, then determining the roots to find the particular solutions and write the general solution involving the constants C1 and C2.

Uploaded by

zxcv25824066
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem Set 2.

2
No. 1
y"0.25 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  0.25  0

  0.52  0
1  2  0.5

y1  e 0.5 x , y 2  xe0.5 x

General sol.: yx   C1e 0.5 x  C2 xe0.5 x

No. 2
y"36 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  36  0

1  6i, 2  6i
y A  cos 6x, y B  sin 6x
General sol.: yx  A cos 6x  B sin 6x
No. 3
y"4 y '2.5 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  4  2.5  0

  2  2 2  2.5  2  1.5

1  2  1.5 , 2  2  1.5

y1  e  2  1.5x , y2  e  2  1.5x

General sol.: yx   C1e  2  1.5 x  C2 e  2  1.5 x

No. 4

 
y"4 y'  2  4 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  4   2  4  0

  2  2 2   2  4  2  i
 A  2  i , B  2  i

y A  e 2 x cos x, y B  e 2 x sin x

General sol.:

yx   Ay A  By B  Ae 2 x cos x  Be 2 x sin x  e 2 x  A cos x  B sin x 

No. 5

y"2y' 2 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  2   2  0

   2  0
1  2   Double root

y1  e x , y 2  xex

General sol.: yx   C1e x  C2 xex  C1  C2 x e x

No. 6
10 y"32 y '25.6 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 102  32  25.6  0 10  1.62  0

1  2  1.6 Double root

y1  e 1.6 x , y 2  xe1.6 x

General sol.: yx   C1  C2 x e 1.6 x

No. 7
y"1.25 y '  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  1.25  0    1.25  0


1  0, 2  1.25

y1  e 0 x  1, y 2  e 1.25 x

General sol.: yx   C1  C1e


1.25 x

No. 8
y" y '3.25 y  0
Auxiliary equation: 2    3.25  0

12  43.25
  1  1 12  1 i 2 3  1  i 3
2 2 2 2

1 x 1 x
yA  e 2 cos 3x, y B  e 2 sin 3x

General sol.: yx   e 2


1 x
A cos 3x, B sin 3x 
No. 9
y"1.75 y '0.5 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  1.75  0.5  0

2  1.75  0.5    2  0.25  0


1  2., 2  0.25

y1  e 2 x , y 2  e 0.25 x

General sol.: yx   C1e 2 x C 2 e 0.25 x

No. 10


100 y"240 y' 196 2  144 y  0 
Auxiliary equation: 1002  240  196 2  144  0

 240  240 2  4100 196  2 144  120  120 2 100 196  2 144 
   
 
2100 100

2
 120  100 196  120 10 14i  1.2  1.4 i
100 100

y A  e 1.2 x cos1.4x, y B  e 1.2 x sin 1.4

General sol.: yx   e 1.2 x  A cos1.4x  B sin 1.4x 

No. 11
4 y"4 y '3 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 42  4  3  0 2  12  3  0

1   1 , 2  3
2 2
1 x 3x
y1 e 2 , y2  e2

1 x 3x
General sol.: yx   C1 y1  C2 y 2  C1e 2  C2 e 2
No. 12
y"8 y '15 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  8  15  0   5  3  0


1  5, 2  3

y1  e 5 x , y 2  e 3x

General sol.: yx   C1 y1  C2 y 2  C1e 5 x  C2 e 3x

No. 13
9 y"30 y '25 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 92  30  25  0 3  53  5  0

1  2  5 Double root
3

5x 5x
y1  e , y 2  xe 3
3

5x
General sol.: yx   C1 y1  C 2 y 2  C1  C 2 x e 3
No. 14

y"2k 2 y'k 4 y  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  2k 2  k 4  0   k 2 2  0
1  2  k 2 Double root

2 2
y1  e  k x , y 2  xe k x

2
General sol.: y x   C1 y1  C 2 y 2  C1  C 2 x e  k x
No. 15
y"0.54 y'0.0729   y  0

Auxiliary equation: 2  0.54  0.0729    0


 0.54  0.54 2  40.0729   
   0.54   4  0.27  i 
2 2

y A  e 0.27 x cos  x, y B  e 0.27 x sin  x


General sol.: yx   Ay B  By B  e 0.27 x A cos  x  B sin  x 
No. 16

y1  e 2.6 x , y 2  e 4.3x

1  0.26,  2  4.3

Auxiliary equation:   0.26  4.3  0 2  4.04  1.118  0

ODE y"4.04 y '1.118 y  0


No. 17

y1  e x 2 , y2  xex 2

1   2  2 (double root)

Auxiliary equation:   2  2  0 2  2 2  2  0

ODE y"2 2 y '2 y  0

No. 18
y A  cos 2x, y B  sin 2x
1  0  i2 ,  2  0  i2

Auxiliary equation:   i2   i2   0 2  4 2  0

ODE y"4 2 y  0

No. 19

y A  e 1 i 2 x , y B  e 1 i 2 x

1  1  i 2 ,  2  1  i 2

   
Auxiliary equation:    1  i 2    1  i 2  0 
   
2   1  i 2  1  i 2    1  i 2  1  i 2  0 
 2  2  3  0
ODE y"2 y '3 y  0
No. 20

y A  e 3.1x cos 2.1x, y B  e 3.1x sin 2.1x

1  3.1  i2.1 ,  2  3.1  i2.1


Auxiliary equation:    3.1  i2.1   3.1  i2.1  0

2   3.1  i 2.1  3.1  i 2.1   3.1  i 2.1 3.1  i 2.1  0

2  6.2  14.02  0
ODE y"6.2 y '14.02 y  0
No. 21
y"9 y  0, y0  0.2, y' 0  1.5

Auxiliary equation: 2  9  0

  3i
y A  cos 3x, y B  sin 3x
General sol.: yx  A cos 3x  B sin 3x
y' x  3Asin 3x  3B cos 3x
With the initial values y0  0.2, y' 0  1.5
y0  A  0.2
y' 0  3B  1.5; B  0.5
Particular sol.: yx  0.2 cos 3x  0.5 sin 3x
No. 22

In Prob.4 yx   e 2 x  A cos x  B sin x 

y' x   2e 2 x  A cos x  B sin x   e 2 x  A sin x  B cos x 

 e 2 x  2 A  B cos x   A  2 B sin x

With the initial values 2 


y 1  1, 2 
y ' 1  2

2   
y 1  e 1 A cos   B sin   B e 1  1;
2 2
Be

2   
y ' 1  e 1  2 A  B  cos    A  2 B sin   e 1  A  2 B   2
2 2
A  2B  2e
With B  e , A  0

Particular sol.: yx   ee 2 x sin x  e 2 x 1 sin x

No. 23
y"3 y'4 y  0, y0  2, y' 0  1

Auxiliary equation: 2  3  4  0   1  4  0


1  1, 2  4

y1  e  x , y2  e 4 x

General sol.: yx  C1e  x C 2 e 4 x

y' x   C1e  x  4C 2 e 4 x

With the initial values y0  2, y' 0  1


y0 C1C 2 2
y' 0  C14C 2 1
C1 1.4, C 2 0.6

Particular sol.: yx   1.4e  x  0.6e 4 x

No. 24
y"2 y'3 y  0, y 1  e, y'  1   e 4

Auxiliary equation: 2  2  3  0;   1  3  0

1 1,  2 3

y1  e  x , y2  e3x

General sol.: yx   C1e  x  C2e3x

y' x   C1e  x  3C2e3x

With the initial values y 1  e, y'  1   e 4

y 1  C1e  C2e 3  e

y'  1  C1e  3C2e 3   e 4

C1  13 , C2  3 e 4
16 16
Particular sol.: y x   13 e  x  3 e 4e3 x
16 16

No. 25
y" y'  0, y0  2, y' 0  2

Auxiliary equation: 2  1  0

1  1, 2  1

y1  e  x , y2  e x

General sol.: yx   C1e  x  C2e x

y' x   C1e  x  C2e x

With the initial values y0  2, y' 0  2.


y0  C1  C2  2
y' 0  C1  C2  2 C2  0 and C1  2

Particular sol.: yx   2e  x

No. 26

y"k 2 y  0 k  0, y0  1, y' 0  1

Auxiliary equation: 2  k 2  0

1  k , 2  k

y1  e kx , y2  e kx

General sol.: yx   C1e kx C 2 e kx

y' x   kC1e kx  kC2 e kx

With the initial values y0  1, y' 0  1

C1e0 C 2 e0  1; C1 C 2  1

 kC1e0  kC2 e0  1;  kC1  kC2  1

C2  k 1 ; C1 k 1
2k 2k

Particular sol.: y x   k 1 e  kx  k 1 e kx
2k 2k
No. 27

In Prob. 5, the general sol.: yx   C1  C2 x e x

y ' x   C2e x   C1 C 2 x e x   C1 C 2 1  x e x

With the initial values y0  4.5, y' 0  4.5  1


C1  4.5
 C1 C 2 4.5  1 : C2  1

Particular sol.: yx   4.5  x e x

No. 28
6 y" y' y  0, y0  0.5, y' 0  1.25

Auxiliary equation: 62    1  0 3  12  1  0

1   13 , 2  12

1 x 1x
y1  e 3 , y2  e 2

1 x 1x
General sol.: yx   C1e 3 C 2 e 2

1 x 1x
y' x    C1e 3
1  1C e 2
3 2 2
With the initial values y0  0.5, y' 0  1.25

C1e 0 C 2 e0  C1 C 2  0.5

 1 C1  1 C 2  1.25 or  2C1  3C 2 7.5


3 2

C1  1.8, C2  1.3
1 x 1x
Particular sol.: yx   1.8e 3  1.3e 2
No. 29


In Prob. 15, the general sol.: yx   e 0.27 x A cos  x  B sin  x 
  
y' x   0.27e 0.27 x A cos  x  B sin  x  e 0.27 x  A  sin  x  B  cos  x 

 
 e 0.27 x  0.27 A  B  cos  x  A   0.27 B sin  x   
With the initial values y0  0, y' 0  1

y0  e 0 Acos0  B sin 0  A  0

 
y ' 0  e 0  0.27 A  B  cos 0  0.27 A  B   1; B  1

Particular sol.: y x   1 e 0.27 x sin  x


No. 30
9 y"30 y'25 y  0, y0  3.3, y' 0  10.0

Auxiliary equation: 92  30  25  0 3  52  0

1  2  53 Double root

5x 5x
y1  e , y2  xe3
3

5x
General sol.: yx   C1C2 x e 3

   
5 x x5 x 5
y' x   C2e 3  5 C1C2 x e 3  5 C1 1  5 x C2 e 3
3 3 3
With the initial values y0  3.3, y' 0  10.0
y0  C1  3.3

y' 0  5 C1C2  10.0; C2  4.5


3

5x
Particular sol.: yx   3.3  4.5x e 3
No. 31

No. 32
No. 33

No. 34

No. 35
sin 2 x, cos x sin x
sin 2x  2 sin x cos x
Linearly dependent
No. 36

e  x cos 1 x, 0
4
Linearly independent
No. 37
y" y  0, y0  1, y' 0  1

General solution yx  C1e  x  C2e x

Particular sol.: yx   e  x

If y0  1.001, y' 0  0.999

Particular sol.: yx   e  x  0.001e x

Since in the particular solution, the coefficient of e x changes, as x increases

e x change significantly.

No. 38

(a)   1   2   2  1  2   12  2  a  b

 a  1  2 , b  1  2

(b)(i) Present method 2  4  0

1  2  4; 12  0
1  4, 2  0

y1  e 4 x , y2  1

y1 and y2 are the solution basis.

(ii) Reduction method y '  z z'4z  0 dx


dz  4 z

z  C * e 4 x

y   zdx   C * e 4 x dx  C2   1 e 4 x  C2
4

y1  e 4 x and y2  1 are the solution basis.

(c)   1   1   2  21  12

2
And the equation y" ay 'by  0 with a  21, b  12  a
4
If y  xe
a x
2 y'  e
a x
2  xe
a
2
a x
2
a x
 1 x e 2
a
2
 
y"   e
a
2
a x
2  1 x e
a
2
a
2
2 
a x 
   
a a a
 2 2 4 
2  a x 
x e 2   a 

a 2  a x
x e 2
4 

Put y, y ' and y" into the differential equation

 
2   x a  x a
 x  a a
2   x
 2 2 2
  a  a4 x e 2  a 1  a2 x e 2  a4 xe 2    a  a4 x  a  a2 x  a4 x e 2  0
   

y" y '6 y  0 2    6    2  3 not double root

y1  e 2 x , y2  e3x xe2 x is not a solution

(d) If 1  2 and 2  1  t

Then y1  e1x , and y2  e1 t x are solution basis.

1x  e 1  t x
ye is also a solution
t

 e 1x  e 1  t x  e 1x  e 1x 0


lim   
t 0  
t 0 0

Apply d’Hospital’s rule


 e 1x  e 1  t x   1  t x  
lim    lim  xe   xe 1x
t 0   t 0  
t 1

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