P13EE61 Page No...

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U.S.N

P.E.S. College of Engineering, Mandya - 571 401

(An Autonomous Institution affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
Sixth Semester, B.E. - Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Make-up Examination; July - 2016
Power System Analysis and Stability
Time: 3 hrs Max. Marks: 100
Note: i) Answer FIVE full questions, selecting ONE full question from each unit.
ii) Assume suitable missing data if any.
UNIT - I
1 a. Enumerate the advantages of per unit (PU) system. Show that the per unit impedance of a
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transformer is same on both primary and secondary sides.
b. A 300 MVA, 20 kV, 3φ generator X″ of 20%. The generator supplies two synchronous
motors over a transmission line 64 km long as shown in Fig. 1(b). The rated inputs to the
motors are 200 MVA and 100 MVA respectively. The motors have a sub-transient reactance
of 20% each. The 3φ transformer T1 is rated 350 MVA, 230Y/20 ∆kV with leakage
reactance of 10%. The transformer T2 is composed of three 1φ transformer connected as
3φ-Y-∆ bank and each rated 100 MVA, 127/13.2 kV with leakage reactance of 10% each.
The reactance of the transmission line is 0.5 Ω/km. Draw the p.u. reactance diagram of the
power system, selecting the generator rating as base in the generator circuit. If the motor M1 7
and M2 have outputs of 120 MW and 60 MW respectively at 13.2 kV and both operating of
U.P.f, find the voltage at the terminals of the generator.

c. A transformer rated 5,000 kVA, 115/13.2 kV having an impedance of (0.007+j0.075) p.u. is

connected to a short transmission line of impedance (0.02+j0.1) p.u. on a base of 10 MVA,
13.2 kV. The line supplies a 3φ load rated 3,400 kW, 13.2 kV with a lagging p.f. of 0.85. If
the high tension voltage remains constant at 115 kV, when the load at the end of the line is
disconnected, find the voltage regulation at the load. Select a base of 10 MVA, 13.2 kV on
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the load side.
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2 a. Explain how per unit reactance of a 3 phase, 3 winding transformer are determined? Give
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the equivalent for the same.
b. The windings of a 3 winding transformer are rated as follows :
Primary Y-connected, 6.6 kV, 15 MVA
Secondary : Y connected, 33 kV, 10 MVA
Tertiary: ∆-connected, 2.2 kV, 5 MVA with resistances neglected, the following leakage 6
impedances are calculated from short circuit tests: Zps = j0.232 Ω, Zpt = j0.29 Ω, Zst = j8.7 Ω.
Find the impedances of Y-connected equivalent circuit on the base of 15 MVA, 6.6 kV in
the primary circuit.
c. The single line diagram of a power system is shown in Fig. 2(c). The ratings of various
components are also given. A load of 60 MW at 0.9 p.f. lagging is tapped from 66 kV
sub-station bus which is to be maintained at 60 kV. Calculate the terminal voltage of the
generator using p.u. method. Select a base of 100 MVA and 220 kV on transmission line.

UNIT - II
3 a. Explain clearly the variation of current and impedance of an alternator when 3φ sudden short
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circuit occurs at its terminals on no load condition.
b. Two generators are connected in parallel to the low voltage side of a 3φ ∆-Y transformer as
shown in Fig. 3(a). Generator 1 is rated 50,000 kVA, 13.8 kV. Generator 2 is rated
25,000 kVA, 13.8 kV. Each generator has a sub transient reactance of 25%. The transformer
is rated 75,000 kVA, 13.8 ∆/69 kV, Y with a reactance of 10%. Before the fault occurs, the
voltage on HT side of transformer is 66 kV. The transformer is not loaded and there is no
circulating current between the generators. Find the sub transient current in each generator
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and in the HT side of the transformer, when 3φ short circuit occurs on the HT side of the
transformer. Select a base of 75,000 kVA, 69 kV on the HT side of the transformer.

c. Write short notes on selection of circuit breakers. 6

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4 a. Explain with relevant circuit-diagrams, how and why the alternator reactance varies
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X ″ < X′ < Xd upon occurrence of a fault.
b. A synchronous generator and motor rated for 30,000 kVA, 13.2 kV and both have sub
transient reactance of 20%. The line connecting them has a reactance of 10% on the base of
machine ratings. The motor is drawing 20,000 kW at 0.8 p.f leading. The terminal voltage of 10
the motor is 12.8 kV. When a symmetrical 3φ fault occurs at motor terminals, find the sub
transient current in the generator, motor and at fault point.
UNIT - III
5 a. Prove that zero sequence components of voltages are always absent in line voltages. 5
b. Obtain an expression for the 3φ complex power in terms of sequence components. 5
c. A 3φ unbalanced voltages of 300 V, 400 V and 500 V is applied across a star connected load
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of (8+j6) Ω in each phase. Determine the symmetrical components of line currents.
6 a. Prove that only in power system having balanced impedances, the currents of a given
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sequence produce voltage drops of the same, sequence.
b. A 3φ system of unbalanced voltages Va1 = 220 0º, Va2 = 50 60º & Va0 = 30 90º is

supplying power to an impedance load. The sequence components of current are

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Ia1 = 2 −30º, Ia2 = 5 30º & Ia0 = 1 45º Determine the three powers supplied to the load.
If the neutral wire is removed, what is the 3φ power supplied to the load.
c. A 25 MVA, 11 kV, 3φ generator has a sub trance X″ of 20%. Generator supplies 2 motors
over a transmission line, as shown in Fig. 6(c). The motors have rated inputs of 15 MVA
and 7.5 MVA. Both at 10 kV with 25% sub transient reactance. The three phase
transformers are both rated 30 MVA, 10.8/121 kV, Connection ∆-Y with Xt = 10% each.
Line reactance is 100 Ω. Draw the positive, negative and zero sequence networks of the
system. Assume that X2 of each machine is equal to the transient reactance. Select generator
rating as the base. Assume X0 for generator and motor as 0.06 pu each. Current limiting 10
reactors of 2.5 Ω each, are connected in the neutrals of the generator and motor 2. X0 - of
line is 300 Ω.

UNIT - IV
7 a. A line to line fault occurs at the terminals of an unloaded generator. Derive the expression
for the fault currents. Also draw the interconnection of the sequence networks to simulate 8
the fault.
Contd…4
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b. A generator supplies a group of identical motors as shown in Fig. 7(b). The motors are rated
600 V, 90% η at full load upf with the sum of their output rating being 5 MW. The motors
are sharing equally a load of 4 MW at rated voltage, 0.8 pf lagging and 90% η when an LG
fault occurs on the L.V. side of the transformer. Draw sequence networks. The group of
motors can be treated as a single equivalent motor. Find the sub transient line currents in all
parts of the system, with pre-fault current ignored.

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8 a. An unsymmetrical line to ground fault occurs on unloaded generator with fault impedances
Zf. Derive the expression for the fault current, If and draw the equivalent circuit which 10
simulate the fault.
b. Obtain the inter connection of sequence networks for the following types of open conductor
faults on power systems : 10
(i) One conductor open (ii) Two conductor open
UNIT - V
9 a. Define stability of a power system. Explain clearly the difference between steady state
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stability and transient stability.
b. Derive the power angle equation for a non-salient pole synchronous machine, connected to
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an infinite bus. Draw the power angle diagram.
c. A 60 Hz, 4 pole turbo-generator is delivering rated 500 MVA at 0.8 p.f. lag, when a fault
reduces the electrical power output by 40%. Determine the accelerating torque in Nm at the 4
time of fault.
10 a. Derive the expression for the swing equation and draw swing curves for unstable and stable
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conditions.
b. Mention the methods of improving transient stability of a power system. 6
c. A 2 pole, 50 Hz, 11 kV turbo alternator has a rating of 100 MW, 0.85 p.f lagging. The rotor
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has a moment of inertia of 10,000 kg-m2. Calculate H and M.

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