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Respiration Review

1. The document contains a true/false, multiple choice, and matching section assessing knowledge of respiration. Questions cover topics like pulmonary circulation, ventilation, gas exchange, and respiratory control mechanisms. 2. Key points addressed include that the trachea bifurcates at the carina, veins of the pulmonary circulation contain no valves, and peripheral chemoreceptors are less sensitive than central chemoreceptors. 3. Cilia propel mucus and particles toward the oropharynx, the right bronchus receives more aspirates due to its vertical orientation, and pores of Kohn allow collateral ventilation between alveoli.

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MarshallMcGough
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79 views4 pages

Respiration Review

1. The document contains a true/false, multiple choice, and matching section assessing knowledge of respiration. Questions cover topics like pulmonary circulation, ventilation, gas exchange, and respiratory control mechanisms. 2. Key points addressed include that the trachea bifurcates at the carina, veins of the pulmonary circulation contain no valves, and peripheral chemoreceptors are less sensitive than central chemoreceptors. 3. Cilia propel mucus and particles toward the oropharynx, the right bronchus receives more aspirates due to its vertical orientation, and pores of Kohn allow collateral ventilation between alveoli.

Uploaded by

MarshallMcGough
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as RTF, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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respiration

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 1. The trachea bifurcates into two bronchi at the carina.


____ 2. Veins of the pulmonary circulation are similar to the veins of the systemic circulation, but contain no
one-way valves.
____ 3. The peripheral chemoreceptors are not as sensitive as the central chemoreceptors. The PaO2 must
drop below 80 mm Hg before the peripheral chemoreceptors have much influence on ventilation.
____ 4. Ventilation exceeds perfusion in the bases of the lungs and perfusion exceeds ventilation in the
apices of the lungs.
____ 5. The lungs contain only superficial lymphatic capillaries.

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 6. Which pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket and entraps particles toward the
oropharynx where they are swallowed or expectorated?
a. Nasal hairs and turbinates
b. Alveolar macrophages
c. Cilia
d. Irritant receptors on nares
____ 7. Why is aspiration of food or drink more likely to occur in one area of the lung rather than another?
a. The right main stem bronchus receives more aspirate because it extends more
vertically from the trachea.
b. The left main stem bronchus receives more aspirate because it is larger and
shorter.
c. The trachea receives more aspirate because it comes in contact with the food and
drink first.
d. The carina receives more aspirate because the location of where the bronchi split
into right and left.
____ 8. What permits air to pass between alveoli providing collateral ventilation and even distribution
among alveoli?
a. Type I alveolar cells
b. Pores of Kohn
c. Acinus pores
d. Alveolar pores
____ 9. How does surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes facilitate alveolar distention and ventilation?
a. By decreasing thoracic compliance
b. By attracting water to the alveolar surface
c. By decreasing surface tension in alveoli
d. By increasing surface tension in alveoli
____ 10. _____ secrete surfactant, a lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of the alveoli.
a. Type I alveolar cells
b. Type II alveolar cells
c. Alveolar macrophages
d. All of the above
____ 11. There are no lymphatic vessels associated with:
a. trachea.
b. bronchi
c. acinus.
d. terminal bronchioles.
____ 12. Normal physiologic changes in the aging pulmonary system include:
a. decreased flow resistance.
b. fewer alveoli.
c. stiffening of the chest wall.
d. improved elastic recoil.
____ 13. Approximately 1000 ml (1 L) of oxygen is transported to cells each minute. How is most of the
oxygen is transported?
a. Dissolved in plasma
b. Bound to hemoglobin
c. In the form of carbon dioxide (CO2)
d. Bound to protein
____ 14. Which endogenous substance causes bronchoconstriction?
a. Epinephrine and acetylcholine
b. Histamine and prostaglandin
c. Bradykinin and thromboxane A
d. Leukotrienes and prostacyclin
____ 15. If a patient develops acidosis or a fever, the nurse would expect the oxyhemoglobin dissociation
curve to:
a. shift to the right, causing more O2 to be released to the cells.
b. shift to the left, allowing less O2 to be released to the cells.
c. show no change, allowing the O2 concentration to remain stable.
____ 16. If a patient’s hemoglobin concentration (Hb) is 14 g/100 ml and his arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2)
is 98%, what would be his arterial oxygen content? Remember that 1.34 ml O2 is the maximum
amount of oxygen that can be transported per gram of hemoglobin. (Hint: O2 content 1 [1.34 × Hb]
SaO2.)
a. 13.72 ml O2 per 100 ml blood
b. 18.38 ml O2 per 100 ml blood
c. 18.76 ml O2 per 100 ml blood
d. 19.30 ml O2 per 100 ml blood
____ 17. The sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are referred to as:
a. accessory muscles.
b. muscles of expiration.
c. intercostal muscles.
d. muscles of inspiration.
____ 18. What does decreased compliance within the lung mean?
a.
The diaphragm is stiff.
b.
The lungs inflate easily.
c.
The lungs are stiff.
d.
The lungs are unable to diffuse oxygen.
____ 19. The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via the _____ nerve.
a. vagus
b. phrenic
c. brachial
d. pectoral
____ 20. What is the relationship between arterial perfusion and alveolar gas pressure at the base of the lungs?
a. Alveolar gas pressure exceeds arterial perfusion pressure.
b. Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are less than at the apex.
c. Arterial perfusion pressure exceeds alveolar gas pressure.
d. Arterial perfusion pressure and alveolar gas pressure are equal.
____ 21. What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction?
a. Low alveolar PO2
b. Hyperventilation
c. Respiratory alkalosis
d. Epinephrine

Matching

Match the receptor with its action and then with its location. (Receptors may be used more than
once.)
a. Irritant receptors
b. Stretch receptors
c. J receptors
d. Peripheral chemoreceptors
e. Central chemoreceptors

Action of each receptor


____ 22. Initiates rapid, shallow breathing
____ 23. Monitors pH, PaCO2, and PaO2 in blood
____ 24. Initiates cough reflex
____ 25. Senses pH of cerebrospinal fluid
____ 26. Herring Breuer expiratory reflex

Location of each receptor


____ 27. Located in smooth muscles of airways
____ 28. Located near the respiratory center
____ 29. Located near capillaries in the alveolar septa
____ 30. Located in the epithelium of conducting airways
____ 31. Located in the aortic bodies, aortic arch and carotid bodies at the bifurcation of the carotids
respiration
Answer Section

TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: T REF: p. 1184


2. ANS: T REF: p. 1187
3. ANS: F REF: p. 1190
4. ANS: F REF: p. 1196
5. ANS: F REF: p. 1187

MULTIPLE CHOICE

6. ANS: C REF: p. 1182; Table 32-1


7. ANS: A REF: p. 1184
8. ANS: B REF: p. 1185
9. ANS: C REF: p. 1191
10. ANS: B REF: p. 1185
11. ANS: C REF: p. 1187
12. ANS: C REF: p. 1201
13. ANS: B REF: p. 1196
14. ANS: B REF: p. 1190
15. ANS: A REF: p. 1198
16. ANS: B REF: p. 1187
17. ANS: A REF: p. 1190
18. ANS: C REF: p. 1192
19. ANS: A REF: p. 1189; p. 1190
20. ANS: C REF: p. 1195
21. ANS: A REF: p. 1199

MATCHING

22. ANS: C REF: p. 1189


23. ANS: D REF: p. 1190
24. ANS: A REF: p. 1189
25. ANS: E REF: p. 1190
26. ANS: B REF: p. 1189

27. ANS: B REF: p. 1189


28. ANS: E REF: p. 1190
29. ANS: C REF: p. 1189
30. ANS: A REF: p. 1189
31. ANS: D REF: p. 1190

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