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Important Series You Gotta Know!

The document provides formulas for several important infinite series including the geometric series, logarithm series, arctangent series, exponential series, sine series, and cosine series. It also includes the binomial theorem and provides examples of infinite sums and definite integrals.

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CataRemixDj
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33 views

Important Series You Gotta Know!

The document provides formulas for several important infinite series including the geometric series, logarithm series, arctangent series, exponential series, sine series, and cosine series. It also includes the binomial theorem and provides examples of infinite sums and definite integrals.

Uploaded by

CataRemixDj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Important Series You Gotta Know!

∞
X
1
= 1 + x + x2 + · · · = xn Geometric Series (|x| < 1)
1−x n=0
X∞
1
= 1 − x + x2 − · · · = (−1)n xn Geom. Ser. (variant), (|x| < 1)
1+x n=0
X∞
1
= 1 + 2x + 3x2 + · · · = (n + 1)xn Derivative of Geom. Ser. |x| < 1)
(1 − x)2 n=0
∞
!
1 n+k n X
k+1
= 1 + (k + 1)x + · · · = x k-th deriv. of Geom. Ser. |x| < 1)
(1 − x) n=0 k
∞
x2 x3 X (−1)n+1 xn
ln(1 + x) = x − + −··· = Logarithm Series (−1 < x ≤ 1)
2 3 n=1 n
∞
x3 x 5 X (−1)n x2n+1
arctan x = x − + − ··· = Arctan Series (−1 < x ≤ 1)
3 5 n=0 2n + 1
∞
x x2 x3 Xx n
e =1+x+ + +··· = Exponential Series (all x)
2 6 n=0 n!
∞
x3 x5 X (−1)n x2n+1
sin x = x − + − ··· = Sine Series (all x)
6 120 n=0 (2n + 1)!
∞
x2 x4 X (−1)n x2n
cos x = 1 − + −··· = Cosine Series (all x)
2 24 n=0 (2n)!

In addition, we have the binomial theorem, valid for all real values of α and |x| < 1.
∞
!
α(α − 1) 2 X α k
α
(1 + x) = 1 + αx + x +··· = x
2 k=0 k

The Binomial Theorem is a finite sum when α is a non-negative integer, and in that case it
naturally converges for all x. Here, as in the 4th sum above,
!
α α(α − 1) · · · (α − k + 1)
=
k k!
A Few Infinite Sums:
∞ ∞ ∞ ∞
X (−1)n+1 X (−1) n π X 1 π2 X 1 π4
1. = ln 2 2. = 3. = 4. =
n=1 n n=0 2n + 1 4 n=1 n2 6 n=1 n4 90

A Few Definite Integrals:


Z Z √ Z !
∞ ∞ π π/2 1 2n π
n −x −x2 2n
1. x e dx = n! 2. e dx = 3. sin xdx = 2n
0 0 2 0 2 n 2

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