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History of Scratch

Scratch is a programming language and online community developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten group at the MIT Media Lab to teach programming concepts to children ages 8 and up. The first desktop version was released in 2003 and Scratch 2 followed in 2013, introducing custom blocks. It is used by millions worldwide in schools and informal settings to create interactive stories, games, and animations.

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447 views

History of Scratch

Scratch is a programming language and online community developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten group at the MIT Media Lab to teach programming concepts to children ages 8 and up. The first desktop version was released in 2003 and Scratch 2 followed in 2013, introducing custom blocks. It is used by millions worldwide in schools and informal settings to create interactive stories, games, and animations.

Uploaded by

saraswathy thanimalai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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History of scratch

The MIT Media Lab's Lifelong Kindergarten group, led by Mitchel Resnick, in partnership with the
Montreal-based consulting firm, the Playful Invention Company, co-founded by Brian Silverman and
Paula Bonta, together developed the first desktop-only version of Scratch in 2003. Its purpose was to
aid young people, mainly for ages 8 and up, to learn programming.

Scratch 2 was released on May 9, 2013. With its introduction, custom blocks can be defined within
projects.[10]

As of 2017, Scratch 2 is available online and as an application for Windows, macOS, Linux (Adobe Air
required), and unofficially for Android as an APK file. The Scratch 2.0 Offline editor can be
downloaded for Windows, Mac and Linux directly from Scratch's website. However, the unofficial
mobile version must be downloaded from the Scratch forum

What Is Scratch

With Scratch, we can program your own interactive stories, games, and animations — and share
your creations with others in the online community.

Scratch helps young people learn to think creatively, reason systematically, and work collaboratively
essential skills for life in the 21st century.

Who Uses Scratch?


Scratch is designed especially for ages 8 to 16, but is used by people of all ages. Millions of people
are creating Scratch projects in a wide variety of settings, including homes, schools, museums,
libraries, and community centers.

Around the World

Scratch is used in more than 150 different countries and available in more than 40
languages.
Scratch in Schools

Students are learning with Scratch at all levels (from elementary school to college)
and across disciplines (such as math, computer science, language arts, social
studies). Educators share stories, exchange resources, ask questions, and find
people on the

Uses of scratch

Scratch is a programming language and an online community where children can


program and share interactive media such as stories, games, and animation with people
from all over the world. As children create with Scratch, they learn to think creatively, work
collaboratively, and reason systematically.

Scratch was made popular in the United Kingdom through Code


Clubs. Scratch is used as the introductory language because creation of interesting
programs is relatively easy, and skills learned can be applied to other basic
programming languages such as Python and Java
Support and Funding

The Scratch project has received financial support from the following organizations:
National Science Foundation, Scratch Foundation, Siegel Family Endowment, Google, LEGO
Foundation, Intel, Cartoon Network, Lemann Foundation, MacArthur Foundation.

User Interface
From left to right, in the upper left area of the screen, there is a stage area, featuring
the results (i.e., animations, turtle graphics, etc., everything either in small or normal
size, full-screen also available) and all sprites thumbnails listed in the bottom area.
The stage uses x and y coordinates, with 0,0 being the stage center. The stage is
480 pixels wide, and 360 pixels tall, x:240 being the far right, x:-240 being the far left,
y:180 being the top, and y:-180 being the bottom.

There are many ways to create personal sprites and backgrounds. First, users can
draw their own sprite manually with "Paint Editor" provided by Scratch. Second,
users can choose a Sprite from the Scratch library that contains default sprite, user's
past creations, a picture using a camera, or clip art.

With a sprite selected in the bottom-left area of the screen, blocks of commands can
be applied to it by dragging them from the Blocks Palette onto the right area of the
screen, containing all the scripts associated with the selected sprite. Under
the Scripts tab, all available blocks are listed and categorized as the Motion, Looks,
Sound, Pen, Data, Events, Control, Sensing, Operators, and More Blocks as shown
in the table below. Each can also be individually tested under different conditions
and parameters via double-click.
Category Notes Category Notes

Motion Moves sprites and changes Events Contains event handlers


angles and change X and Y placed on the top of each
values group of blocks

Looks Controls the visuals of the sprite; Control Conditional if-else statement,
attach speech or thought bubble, "forever", "repeat", and
change of background, enlarge "stop"
or shrink, transparency, shade

Sound Plays audio files and Sensing Sprites can interact with the
programmable sequences surroundings the user has
created

Pen Draw on the canvas by Operators Mathematical operators,


controlling pen width, color, and random number generator,
shade. Allows for turtle graphics. and-or statement that
compares sprite positions

Data Variable and List usage and More Custom procedures (blocks)
assignment Blocks and external devices control
and can import from
PicoBoard or Lego WeDo
1.0/2.0

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