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AVALANCHE-13+
Sep 30,Oct 1, 2013

Paper Number: 1

AUGMENTED REALITY
Meenakshi Shetti Muthu Gomathy V

Avalanche No: 232 Avalanche No: 231

Department Of Computer Science And Department Of Computer Science And

Engineering Engineering

K.L.S.Gogte Institute Of Technology K.L.S.Gogte Institute Of Technology

Belgaum, Karnataka, India. Belgaum, Karnataka, India.

[email protected] [email protected]

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ABSTRACT
Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology in which 2.0 AUGMENTED REALITY
the view of the elements in a physical, real world
environment are augmented by computer
generated sensory input such as sound or graphics
.The goal of augmented reality is to add
information and meaning to a real object or place.
It takes a real object or space as the foundation
and incorporates technologies that add contextual
data to deepen a person’s understanding of the
object.With such technology,mechanics could see
instructions what to do next when repairing an
unknown piece of equipment,surgeons could see
ultra sound scans of organs while performing
surgeries on them and so on.To place augmented
reality into a more technical light it allows us to Fig1. Augmented reality of virual context in a real world
environment
take visual information and map it directly to
objects within real life footage.In this paper we Augmented reality is technology that combines
will take a look how augmented reality works and virtual reality with the real world. The augmented
its mainstream theory behind google glass. reality system generates a composite view for the
user that is the combination of the real scene
viewed by the user and a virtual scene generated by
NOMENCLATURE the computer that augments the scene with
AR Augmented Reality additional information. The virtual scene
GPS Global Postioning System generated by the computer is designed to enhance
IKEA is a Swedish company registered in the user's sensory perception of the virtual world
the Netherlands that designs and they are seeing or interacting with. The goal of
sells ready-to-assemble furniture (such Augmented Reality is to create a system in which
as beds, chairs, and desks), appliances, the user cannot tell the difference between the real
and home accessories world and the virtual augmentation of it. Ronald
Azuma's
definition of augmented reality is widely
1.0 INTRODUCTION referenced in research literature. He defines an
Computing devices, especially wireless augmented reality application as one that
ones, are becoming more powerful and (1) combines the real world with the virtual world,
increasingly widespread. Augmented reality (AR) (2) is interactive and in real-time and
is the technology to create a “next generation, (3) is registered in 3 dimensions.
reality-based interface” and is moving from
laboratories around the world into various
industries and consumer markets. Augmented 3.0 AUGMENTED REALITY V/S VIRTUAL
Reality is a field of computer research which deals REALITY
with combination of reality with computer
Augmented Reality (AR) is a variation of Virtual
generated data. AR supplements the real world
Environments (VE), or Virtual Reality as it is more
with virtual (computer-generated) objects that
commonly called. VE technologies completely
appear to coexist in the same space as the real
immerse a user inside a synthetic environment.
world.AR was recognized as an emerging
While immersed, the user cannot see the real
technology of 2007 , and with todays smart phones
world around him. In contrast, AR allows the user
and AR browsers and with tomorrow’s Google
to see the real world, with virtual objects
glass we are starting to embrace this very new and
superimposed upon or composited with the real
exciting kind of human-computer interaction.
world. Therefore, AR supplements reality, rather
than completely replacing it. Ideally, it would
appear to the user that the virtual and real objects
coexisted in the same space as the real world.

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The goal of augmented reality developers is to

4.0 WORKING OF AUGMENTED REALITY incorporate these three components into one unit,
AR is one part of the general area of mixed reality. housed in a belt-worn device that wirelessly relays
Both virtual environment(virtual reality) and information to a display that resembles an ordinary
augmented virtuality, in which real objects are pair of eyeglasses. Let’s take a look at each of the
added to virtual ones. In contrast, AR provides components of this system
local virtuality. An AR system
 Combines real and virtual objects in a real
environment; 4.1 Head Mounted Display(HMD)
 Registers(aligns) real and virtual objects
with each other and
 Runs interactively in three dimensions
and in real time.

A range of technologies can be used for augmented

reality. Many augmented reality projects use
headgear or a similar device that projects data into
user’s field of vision, corresponding with a real
object or space the user is observing. In the case of
a technical course on PC maintenance, for Fig2. Head mounted display
example, augmented reality might overlay a
schematic diagram onto the inside of a computer,
allowing students to identify the various
components and access technical specifications
about them. PDA’s or other portable devices can
use GPS data to provide users with context-
including visual, audio, or text based data-about
real objects or places. Augmented reality is not
merely a companion text or multimedia file but a
technology designed to “see” a real object or place
and provide the user with appropriate information
at the right time. Augmented reality is designed to Fig3. Aaugmented reality glasses
blur the line between the reality the user is It places images of both the physical world and
experiencing and the content provided by registered virtual graphical objects over the user’s
technology. Following the definition of AR step by view of the world.The HMD’s are either optical
step, this section first describes display see-through or video see-through
technologies that combine the real and virtual
worlds, followed by sensors and approaches to 4.1.1 Optical see-through HMDs.
track user position and orientation for correct
registration of the virtual with the real and user
interface technologies that allow real time,3D
interaction.
The main hardware components for Augmented
reality are display, tracking, input devices, sensors
and processor. These elements, specifically CPU,
camera, display, accelerometer, GPS and solid
state compass are often present in modern smart
phones, which make them prospective AR
platforms.
There are three components that are needed to
Fig4. Optical see-through HMDs
make an augmented-reality system work:
It works by placing optical combiners in front of
 Head mounted display
the user’s eyes. These combiners are partially
 Tracking system transmissive, so that the user sees virtual images
 Mobile computing power bounced off the combiners from head mounted
monitors.Fig-2 shows two optical see-through
HMDs made by Hughes Electronics

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4.1.2 Video see-through HMDs. given moment.Currently,both video see-through

and optical see-through displays typically have lag
in the overlaid material due to the tracking
technologies currently available.For augmented
reality to reach its full potential,it must be usable
both outdoors and indoors.Currently the best
tracking technology available for large open areas
is the Global Positioning System.There are ways to
increase tracking accuracy.For instance,the
military uses multiple GPS signals.There is also
differential GPS,which involves using an area that
has already been surveyed.Then the system would
use a GPS receiver with an antenna that’s location
is known very precisely to track your location
Fig5. Video see-through HMD within that area.This will allow users to know
exactly how inaccurate their GPS receivers are,
It works by combining a closed view HMD with and can adjust an augmented reality system
one or two head mounted video cameras. The accordingly.Researchers at the University of North
video cameras provide the user’s view of the real Carolina-Chapel Hill have developed a very
world. Video from these cameras is combined with precise system that works within 500 square
the graphic images created by the scene generator, feet.The HiBall tracking system is an
blending the real and virtual. The result is sent to optoelectronic tracking system made of two parts
the monitors in front of the user’s eyes in the  Six user-mounted, optical sensors
closed view HMD.Fig-3 shows an actual video see-  Infrared-light-emitting diodes(LEDs)
through HMD. embedded in special ceiling panels

The system uses the known location of the

4.2. Tracking System LEDs,the known geometry of the user-mounted
optical sensors and a special algorithm to compute
and report the user’s position and orientation.The
system resolves linear motion of less than 0.2
millimeteres, and angular motions less than 0.3
degrees.It has an update rate of more than 1500Hz
and latency is kept at about one millisecond.

4.3 MOBILE COMPUTING POWER

In augmented reality,what we need is a way of
overlaying computer-generated information on
what we can see already.When people first started
talking about augmented reality,there was a feeling
we’d all end up walking around in heads-up
displays,like fighter pilots.Now Netconnected cell
phones with cameras are commonplacve,they’ve
become the focus for AR-although they may
change in future.Already, researchers are working
on prototype contact lenses with built in computer
displays,which would superimpose things like web
Fig6. Real time differential GPS pages onto our field of vision.Another possibility is
The biggest challenge facing developers of wearing eyeglasses with miniature,forward-facing
augmented reality is the need to know where the cameras built into the frames and transparent
user is located in reference to his or her screens added to the lenses as shown in fig-5.
surroundings.There’s also the additional problem “Augmented Reality is one of the most significant
of tracking the movement of user’s eyes and emerging industries in the world right now.” Said
heads.A tracking system has to recognize these Rich DeMillo,Dean of the college of Computing at
movements and project the graphics related to the Georgia Tech “Its influence will be felt from
real world environment the user is seeing at any entertainment to education to health care.”

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5.0 RECENT ADVANCES IN AUGMENTED display (OHMD) that is being developed by

REALITY Google in the Project Glass research and
Decades after its invention, augmented reality is development project, with a mission of producing
on the verge of a mainstream breakthrough. a mass-market ubiquitous computer. Google Glass
Smartphones and tablets have already made the displays information in a smartphone-like hands-
vast stream of digital information more accessible free format, that can communicate with the
in our everyday lives. Innovations such as Google Internet via natural language voice commands.
Glass and Sony SmartWatch hold the promise of The project was announced on April 4, 2012 on
using this information to instantly add a digital, Google+ by Project Glass lead Babak Parviz, an
personalized layer to the real world, no password electrical engineer who has also worked on putting
required. A study conducted by Arizona-based displays into contact lenses; Steve Lee, a product
Semico Research predicts that by next year 864 manager and "geolocation specialist";
million smartphones will be AR-equipped, and and Sebastian Thrun, who developed Udacity as
that AR-related revenues will reach $600 billion well as worked on the autonomous car project.
(U.S.) by 2016. Germany-based Metaio has Google has patented the design of Project Glass.
developed software that allows Audi owners to Thad Starner, an augmented realityexpert, is a
scan the inside of their vehicle to access technical lead/manager on the project.
information that typically resides in the users’ Although head-worn displays for augmented
manual. The company is now working with IKEA reality are not a new idea, the project has drawn
to use AR in the catalogue to enable shoppers to media attention primarily due to its backing by
preview how a piece of furniture would look in Google, as well as the prototype design, which is
their homes before they buy it. smaller and slimmer than previous designs for
head-mounted displays. The first Glass demo
resembles a pair of normal eyeglasses where the
5.1 GOOGLE GLΛSS - A Ubiquitous lens is replaced by a head-up display. Around
Computer August 2011, a Glass prototype weighed 8 pounds;
the device is now lighter than the average pair of
sunglasses. In the future, new designs may allow
integration of the display into people's normal
eyewear.

Augmented reality glasses is changing the way we

view the world -- or at least the way its users see
the world. Picture yourself walking or driving
down the street. With augmented-reality displays,
which will eventually look much like a normal
pair of glasses, informative graphics will appear in
your field of view, and audio will coincide with
whatever you see. These enhancements will be
refreshed continually to reflect the movements of
your head. Peer into the closet with AR-enabled
glasses and outfit options appear before you. The
latest traffic report will be visible on the car’s
windshield as you’re driving to work. Wear those
glasses into a meeting and instantly access the
LinkedIn profiles of everyone present.
Fig7. Google Glass
We are on the verge of ubiquitously adopting
Augmented Reality (AR) technologies to enhance 6.0 APPLICATIONS
our perception and help us see, hear, and feel our Augmented reality has been put to use in a number
environments in new and enriched ways. of fields.Let see some of the application in detail.
Project Glass is an effort from Google to develop 6.1 Medical field
augmented reality glasses. Google Glass is an Doctors could use Augmented Reality as a
attempt to free data from desktop computers and visualization and training aid for surgery. It may
portable devices like phones and tablets, and place be possible to collect 3-D datasets of a patient in
it right in front of your eyes. It is a wearable real time, using non-invasive sensors like
computer with an optical head-mounted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed
Tomography scans (CT), or ultrasound imaging.

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These datasets could then be rendered and 6.5 Navigation

combined in real time with a view of the real
patient. In effect, this would give a doctor "X-ray
vision" inside a patient. This would be very useful
during minimally-invasive surgery, which reduces
the trauma of an operation by using small incisions
or no incisions at all. A problem with minimally-
invasive techniques is that they reduce the doctor's
ability to see inside the patient, making surgery
more difficult. AR technology could provide an
internal view without the need for larger incisions
AR might also be helpful for general medical
visualization tasks in the surgical room. Surgeons
can detect some features with the naked eye that
they cannot see in MRI or CT scans, and vice-
versa. AR would give surgeons access to both types Fig7. An augmented reality map on iphone.
of data simultaneously. This might also guide
precision tasks, such as displaying where to drill a AR can augment the effectiveness of navigation
hole into the skull for brain surgery or where to devices. Information can be displayed on an
perform a needle biopsy of a tiny tumor. The automobile's windshield indicating destination
information from the non-invasive sensors would directions and meter, weather, terrain, road
be directly displayed on the patient, showing conditions and traffic information as well as alerts
exactly where to perform the operation. to potential hazards in their path. Aboard maritime
vessels, AR can allow bridge watch-standers to
6.2 Archaeology continuously monitor important information such
as a ship's heading and speed while moving
AR can be used to aid archaeological research, by
throughout the bridge or performing other tasks.
augmenting archaeological features onto the
modern landscape, enabling archaeologists to
formulate conclusions about site placement and 6.6 Industrial design
configuration. Another application given to AR in
this field is the possibility for users to rebuild
ruins, buildings, or even landscapes as they
formerly existed.

6.3 Tourism And Sightseeing

Augmented reality applications can enhance a
user's experience when traveling by providing real
time informational displays regarding a location
and its features, including comments made by
previous visitors of the site. AR applications allow
Fig8. AR used in Industrial design for calculating actual
tourists to experience simulations of historical discrepancies
events, places and objects by rendering them into
their current view of a landscape. AR applications AR can help industrial designers experience a
can also present location information by audio, product's design and operation before completion.
announcing features of interest at a particular site Volkswagen uses AR for comparing calculated and
as they become visible to the user. actual crash test imagery. AR can be used to
visualize and modify a car body structure and
engine layout. AR can also be used to compare
6.4 Translation digital mock-ups with physical mock-ups for
AR systems can interpret foreign text on signs and finding discrepancies between them.
menus and, in a user's augmented view, re-display
the text in the user's language. Spoken words of a
foreign language can be translated and displayed
in a user's view as printed subtitles.

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6.7 Military same time as a virtual heart floating in their midst.

This results in conversational behavior that is
more similar to natural face-to-face collaboration
than to screen based collaboration

7.0 BENEFITS
 The biggest potential for this technology
is to make our lives better. It will help us
in our day-to-day lives,
 It’s the ability to browse life like we
browse the web and experience the real
work instead of looking down at your
phone

8.0 LIMITATIONS
 Privacy advocates see danger in the idea
that somebody with internet-enabled
smart glasses can access private
information without a person’s knowledge
Fig9. AR in military base
or consent.
The military has been devising uses for augmented  Accurate tracking and orientation
reality for decades. The idea here is that an  For wearable augmented reality system,
augmented-reality system could provide troops there are still enough computing power to
with vital information about their surroundings, create stereo 3D graphics
such as showing where entrances are on the  The size of AR systems is yet another
opposite end of a building, somewhat like X-ray problem.
vision.Augmented reality displays could also
highlight troop movements, and give soldiers the
ability to move to where the enemy can't see them. 9.0 FUTURE SCOPE
 Expanding a PC screen to real
environment..program windows & icons
appear as virtual devices in real space &
6.8 Education are eye or gesture operated, by gazing or
pointing.

 Replacement of cell phones: eye dialing,

insertion of information directly into
environment.

 Virtual conferences in "holodeck" style .

 Examples might be a virtual wall clock, a

to-do list for the day docked by your bed
for you to look at first thing in the
morning, etc.

10.0 CONCLUSION
Augmented Reality enhances a user's perception of
Fig10. A student uses augmented reality glasses and interaction with the real world. The virtual
and makes study a better part. objects display information that the user cannot
directly detect with his own senses. The
In an Augmented Reality interface students can be information conveyed by the virtual objects helps a
seated around a table and see each other at the

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user perform real-world tasks. AR is a Intelligence

Amplification (IA): using the computer as a tool to
make a task easier for a human to perform. It took
about 25 years to progress from drawing stick
figures on a screen to the photorealistic dinosaurs
in "Jurassic Park." Within another 25 years, we
should be able to wear a pair of AR glasses
outdoors to see and interact with photorealistic
dinosaurs eating a tree in our backyard.
.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We express our gratitude to our principal ,
HOD and our department professors for guiding us
to prepare this paper.
Secondly we would also like to thank our
parents and friends who helped us a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time
frame.
Last but not the least we thank the
Avalanche’13 team for giving us this opportunity
to present our paper.

REFERENCES
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[2].A Survey of Augmented Reality—
Technologies,Applications and Limitations by
D.W.F van Krevelen and R.Poelman

[3].A Survey of Augmented Reality by Ronald T

Azuma Hughes Research Laboratories

[4].Towards building augmented realtiy web

Applications by Jens de Smit

[5].7 things you should know about Augmented

Reality
[6].Augmented reality-How stuff works.

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