Q 1- What do you Mean by R.F.? What is The Unit of R.F.?

Ans: - The Ratio of length of the drawing to the actual length of the object is called The
Representative Fraction (R.F).

R.F. = Drawing Length

Actual Length
R.F is unitless.

Q 2- Distinguish Among Full Size, Reduced Size & Enlarged Sized Drawing
Ans: - 1-When DL= AL Full Size Scale R.F =1
2- DL<AL Reduced Size Scale R.F <1
3- DL>AL Enlarged Size Scale R.F >1

Q 3- Which scale is used for two system of Units Measurement

Ans: - Plane Scale

Q 4- What is the inclination of cutting plane in order to obtain

1- Parabola 2-Ellipse 3-Hyperbola 4-Circle 5- Triangle.
Ans- Parabola - The Cutting Should be parallel to Any Generator of The Cone.
Ellipse- The Cutting Plane Should Be Inclined At An Angle To Axis Cutting All The Generator
Lines of Cone.
Hyperbola- The Cutting Plane Should Not Be Parallel To Any Generator of Cone & Should Not
Pass through Axis
Circle- The Cutting Plane Should Be Parallel To The Base of The Cone & Must Cut All The
Generators.
Triangle- The Cutting Plane Should Cut The Cone in Two Equal Halves Starting From The
Vertex.

Q 5- Gives Two Practical Applications Of Conic Curves Like Parabola, Ellipse And Hyperbola.
Ans- Parabola - Parabolic Curves Are Used in Arches, Bridges, Sound Reflectors, Light
Reflector, etc.
Ellipse- Use of Elliptical Curves is made in Arches, Bridges, Dam, Mountains, Man Holes
Glands, Cookers (Pressure) Etc.
Hyperbola- Use of Hyperbolic Curves is made in Cooling Towers, Water Channels Etc.

Q 6- What is meant by an Eccentricity? Define Parabola, Ellipse And Hyperbola.

Ans- The Eccentricity is the ratio of distance of any point on The Conic From Focus to the
distance of the same point from the Directrix.
Eccentricity = Distance of Any Point on the Conic from
Focus Distance of the Same Point from the Directrix
For Ellipse it is Always Less Than 1
For Parabola it is Always Equal to 1
For Hyperbola it is More Than 1
Q 7-What Will the Path Traversed by the Bullet, when it is shot in the Air?
Ans- Parabola.

Q 8- Name The Curve Having Eccentricity More Than 1?

Ans- Hyperbola.

Q 9- What is meant By Projection? Define Vertical, Horizontal & Profile Planes? Ans-
Projection – Projection is the visibility of the view of a solid or a line when seen from the top,
front or side of it.
Vertical & Horizontal Planes – are the plane which from the part of Four Quadrants.
Profile Plane – A Plane Which Is Perpendicular To Both The Horizontal & The Vertical Plane Is
Called Profile Plane.

Q 10- What is the Projector?

Ans- The Lines From The Object To The Planes Are Called Projectors.
Projection – The figure formed by joining in correct sequence, the points at which these lines meet
the plane is called the projection of the objects.

Q 11- What do you understand by orthographic projection, isometric projection, oblique projection
& perspective projections?
Ans- A) Orthographic Projection –When the projector is parallel to each other and also
perpendicular to the plane, the projection is called Orthographic Projec
 B) Isometric Projection –In this method of projection, projection is obtained in the plane of
paper when the projectors are parallel but inclined at an angle of 300 to the plane of projection.
In Isometric Projection the true length is reduced because of the inclination of x and y axis to
1200. The length of the object is reduced by factor of 0.815 which is called isometric scale. The
dimension of all element are reduced by isometric scale in drawing of the object.
C) Oblique Projection – The Projection of an object on The Plane Of Projection When one
face of the object is parallel but the adjacent face is inclined at an angle of 45 0 to the plane of
projection is called oblique projection. In this method of Projection X-Axis and Y-Axis are same
on Paper Whereas Z-Axis Inclined at an Angle 450 with X-Axis.
D) Perspective Projection - In the perspective projection the projection of real object is
obtained on an imaginary plane by viewing the object from the centre of projection. The view of
object is obtained by projecting points along the projection line which meet the centre of projection
and the view is obtained on an intermediate plane. The AutoCAD packages allow perspective
views of the object by using a camera view and angle of object.

Q 12- What Do Mean By First Angle And Third Angle Projection Systems?

Ans- 1) First Angle Projection –When the object is situated in the first quadrant that is in front
of V.P. and Above H.P. and then projected on these planes .this method of projection is known
as 1st angle projection method. The object lines between the observer and the planes.
2) Third Angle Projection System – When the object is situated in the 3rd quadrant behind
the V.P. and Below the H.P. the plane of projection are assumed to be transparent. They lie between
the object and the observer .when the planes are brought in one line the front view is formed Below
XY Line and The Top View Above XY Line.

Q 13- Defines Elevation, Plan & End View?

Ans- Elevation – It is always formed on the V.P When viewed from the front.
Plan Or Top View – It is always formed on The H.P When viewed from the Top.
End View – It is made on the left or right of elevation depending whether its view is from left or
right on object.

Q 14- What do you mean by Four Quadrants?

Ans – The planes of projection are extended beyond the line of inter section from four quadrants.
The object may be situated in any one of the quadrants.

Q 15- Normally Projections Are Drawn In 1st Angle Or 3rd Angle Projection Systems. Why Not
is 2nd Angle & 4th Angle Projection Systems?
Ans- In Case Of 2nd Angle Both Plan & Elevation Will Overlap Above Reference Line & In 4 th
Angle Projection System, The Overlapping Will Take Place Below The Reference Line. In Case
Of Overlapping Dimensions Is Not Feasible, Hence Not Followed.

Q 16- What Do You Infer When The Top View & Front View Of A Point Are 15mm Below The
XY Line ?
Ans- The Point Is Situated At 15mm Below The H.P. & 15mm Infront Of V.P. (i.e. In 4 th
Quadrant).
Q 17- Defines Line, Plane & Solid? Ans- Line- Joining of shortest
Distance B/W two points forms A Line.
Plane- Any Surface In Different Shape Like Square, Circle, Triangle, Pentagon And Hexagon With
Negligible Or Least Thickness Is Called Plane.
Two Principle Planes Are Horizontal Plane & Vertical Plane.
Solid-Any Shape Made Of Any Material Having Surface Area, Mass & Volume Is A Solid.
Examples– Sphere, Cube, Cuboid, Prism, Pyramids & Cones etc.

Q 18- If Front of a Line is A Point, What Will be its Top View.

Ans- A Line Perpendicular to XY/ Reference Line.

Q19- What Do You Mean By H.T & V.T Of A Line & A Plane?
Ans – The Point Where the True Lengths of a Line Inclined To H.P or V.P Will Meet H.P & V.P
When Produced Will Be H.T & V.T Respectively,
H.T Stands For Horizontal Trace,
V.T Stands For Vertical Trace
Trace of a Lines Are Points Where as Traces of Planes Are Lines

Q20- What is the Difference in The Shape of Trace of a Line & Trace of a Plane?
Ans- The Trace of a Line is a Point; Whereas the trace of a plane is a line.

Q21- What Do You Mean By Right & Regular Prism, Pyramid Cone & Cylinder?
Ans- Right Means Axis Vertical & Perpendicular To Base & Regular Means All Sides Equal.

Q22- What Is Difference B/W Prism and Pyramid.

Ans – Prism – A Prism Has Two Horizontal Bases Of Equal Sides According To Name Of Polygon
And Number Of Vertical Rectangular Faces Equal To The No. of Sides in the Top & Bottom
Faces.
Examples - Pentagonal Prism Will Have 5 Equal Sides in the Base & Top & 5 No. of Equal Vertical
Rectangular Faces
Pyramid- In a Pyramid The Number of Sides in The Base & Number of Isosceles Triangles Are
Equal. Height Is Equal To Height of Axis.
Q 23- What is Difference B/W Cone & Cylinder? Ans- Cylinder – A Cylinder Has Two Circles,
one each at The Base & Top with an Axis Joining Their Centres.

Cone – A Cone Has One Circular Base & One Vertex At The Top With Axis Joining Vertex &
Centre Of Base Circle.

Q 24- What Do Mean By Generator Of Cone?

Ans – Cone Is Made Of Number Of Generator Lines. All The Lines Joining Vertex To The Circular
Base Are Generator.
.

Q 25- What Are Auxiliary Planes? What Is The Use Of Auxiliary Planes? Ans- Plane
Perpendicular To Both The Principal Planes Is Called Auxiliary Plane. Side Views Of The
Objects Are Taken On It.

Q 26- What is the Advantage of Sectional View?

Ans- It Reveals Interior Features Of A Part.

Q 27- Why a Section of Machine Is Taken

Ans- To See the Internal Features of the Point

Q 28- Defines Apparent Shape Of A Section & True Shape Of A Section. Ans- True Shape Is
Available On A Face Parallel To Cutting Plane Where Apparent Shapes Are Smaller In Area &
Are Available On Plan & Elevation Of The Object.

Q 29- Name The Method Used For Obtaining The Developments Of Prisms & Cylinders.
Ans- Parallel- Line Development Method.
Q 30- Differentiates B/W Isometrics Projection And Isometrics View? Ans- The View Drawn
with the True Scale is Called Isometric Drawing Or Isometric View While That Drawn With The
Use Of Isometric Scale Is Called Isometric Projection.

Q 31- What Are Standard Specifications Of Drawing Sheet’s And Pencils?

Ans- A0, A1, A2, A3, A4
H, 2H, 3H, 4H etc
B, 2B, 3B, 4B etc

Q32 – Name The Different Types Of Line Use In Engg. Drawing? Ans-
1)-0.2 Mm Medium- Outlines, Dotted Lines, Cutting Plane Lines
2)- 0.1 Mm Thin – Centre Lines, Section Lines, Dimension Lines, Extension Lines, Construction
Lines, Leader Lines, Short Break Lines And Long Break Lines.