Mobile Operating System: Raghav Arora, Rana Rahul Sathyaprakash, Saurabh Rauthan, Shrey Jakhetia
Mobile Operating System: Raghav Arora, Rana Rahul Sathyaprakash, Saurabh Rauthan, Shrey Jakhetia
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-120X (online)
Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp: (483-489), Month: July - September 2014, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
Abstract: Cellular telephony has had a significant worldwide rate of acceptance, by the year 2014 it is estimated
that 3.5 of the 6.5 Billion people in the planet will have the access to a cell phone. Smartphone devices such as
iPhone, BlackBerry, and those that support the Android operating system are progressively making an impact on
society. In addition to their support for voice and text exchange, smartphones are capable of executing
sophisticated embedded software applications, as well as provide a simple link to the internet and its resources.
The (SDK) facilitated by the Android assists the developers to start developing and working on the applications
instantaneously and the app can be implemented faster. Android is a product of Google and it is owned by open
handset alliance group.
Keywords: Android, Dalvik virtual machine, Linux, Operating systems.
I. INTRODUCTION
One of the most widely used technologies today is mobile technology. It includes several or we can say all forms of
portable technology like laptops, palmtops, cell phones, personal digital assistants, wireless card payment terminals,
global positioning systems. This technology is radically increasing around the world day by day. This can be clearly seen
in our day to day life as a poor man also either possess a mobile phone or has access to it. It has transformed the way of
doing business. Previously people use to go to banks or offices to do their task but now they can easily do it from mobile
phone. It can be seen that in the past few years the wireless technologies is highly developed. Along with the exponential
improvement in performance & capacity of wireless communications systems, the information can be easily accessed
using mobile devices. In order to improve their infrastructure and rolling out data coverage, the mobile networks are
spending a large amount. The continuous advances in mobile technology is impacting everyone’s life. The users are
getting benefitted from the advances in mobile technology. This is clearly visible in our day to day life. Previously, in
order to mail important documents one has to deliver it from door to door but with the advancement in mobile technology
one can easily sent it in few minutes in the form of soft copy. As a boon, the use of smart phones & tablets has
transformed communications, entertainment. The advances in mobile technology is affecting various other fields also like
it is playing a vital role in health care systems. As an example, if a person owns a business then he is free to extend his
business rather than confining it to a particular area.
Before we begin on what type of ―Operating System‖ we’ve researched we’ll start by explaining what an operating
system is. An operating system is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides
common services for computer programs. The operating system is a vital component of the system software in a computer
system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function also. The top operating systems in my
opinion that are out today are LINUX, MICROSOFT WINDOWS, and MAC OS X. It could arguably be said that
Windows’ operating systems have the edge simply because it’s the most common operating system that is out today
amongst people who don’t even know that much about computers. There are different types of operating systems [8].
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International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-120X (online)
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Serial Processing
The Serial Processing Operating Systems are those which Performs all the instructions into a Sequence Manner or the
Instructions those are given by the user will be executed by using the FIFO Manner means First in First Out. All the
Instructions those are Entered First in the System will be Executed First and the Instructions those are Entered Later Will
be Executed Later. For Running the Instructions the Program Counter is used which is used for Executing all the
Instructions.
Batch Processing
The Batch Processing is same as the Serial Processing Technique. But in the Batch Processing Similar Types of jobs are
Firstly Prepared and they are Stored on the Card. and that card will be Submit to the System for the Processing. The
System then Perform all the Operations on the Instructions one by one. And a user can’t be Able to specify any input.
And Operating System wills increments his Program Counter for Executing the Next Instruction.
Multi-Programming
As we know that in the Batch Processing System there are multiple jobs Execute by the System. The System first prepare
a batch and after that he will Execute all the jobs those are Stored into the Batch. With the help of Multi programming we
can Execute Multiple Programs on the System at a Time and in the Multi-programming the CPU will never get idle,
because with the help of Multi-Programming we can Execute Many Programs on the System and When we are Working
with the Program then we can also Submit the Second or Another Program for Running and the CPU will then Execute
the Second Program after the completion of the First Program. And in this we can also specify our Input means a user can
also interact with the System.
Real Time System
There is also an Operating System which is known as Real Time Processing System. In this Response Time is already
fixed. Means time to Display the Results after Possessing has fixed by the Processor or CPU. Real Time System is used at
those Places in which we Requires higher and Timely Response. These Types of Systems are used in Reservation. So
when we specify the Request, the CPU will perform at that Time. There are two Types of Real Time System
Hard Real Time System
In the Hard Real Time System, Time is fixed and we can’t Change any Moments of the Time of Processing. Means CPU
will Process the data as we Enters the Data.
Soft Real Time System
In the Soft Real Time System, some Moments can be Change, means after giving the Command to the CPU, CPU
Performs the Operation after a microsecond.
Distributed Operating System
Distributed Means Data is Stored and Processed on Multiple Locations. When a Data is stored on to the Multiple
Computers, those are placed in Different Locations. Distributed means In the Network, Network Collections of
Computers are connected with each other. Then if we want to Take Some Data from other Computer, Then we uses the
Distributed Processing System. And we can also Insert and Remove the Data from out Location to another Location. In
this Data is shared between many users. And we can also Access all the Input and Output Devices are also accessed by
Multiple Users.
Multiprocessing
Generally a Computer has a Single Processor means a Computer have a just one CPU for Processing the instructions. But
if we are Running multiple jobs, then this will decrease the Speed of CPU. For Increasing the Speed of Processing then
we uses the Multiprocessing, in the Multi Processing there are two or More CPU in a Single Operating System if one
CPU will fail, then other CPU is used for providing backup to the first CPU. With the help of Multi-processing, we can
Execute Many Jobs at a Time. All the Operations are divided into the Number of CPU’s. if first CPU Completed his Work
before the Second CPU, then the Work of Second CPU will be divided into the First and Second.
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ISSN 2348-1196 (print)
International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN 2348-120X (online)
Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp: (483-489), Month: July - September 2014, Available at: www.researchpublish.com
A mobile operating system (OS) is software that allows smart phones, tablet PCs and other devices to run applications and
programs. A mobile operating system (OS) is software that allows smart phones, tablet PCs and other devices to run
applications and programs. A mobile OS typically starts up when a device powers on, presenting a screen with icons or
tiles that present information and provide application access. Mobile operating systems also manage cellular and wireless
network connectivity, as well as phone access.
A mobile OS is a software platform on top of which other programs called application programs, can run on mobile
devices such as PDA, Cellular phones, Smartphones etc.
There are many mobile operating systems. The following demonstrates the most important ones:
1) Java platform
2) Palm OS
3) Symbian OS
4) Windows mobile OS
5) Blackberry OS
6) IPhone OS
7) Google Android platform
Google’s Android platform
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) based on the Linux kernel developed by Google. With a user interface based
on direct manipulation, Android is designed for touch screen mobile devices such as Smartphone and tablet computers,
with specialized user interfaces for televisions, wrist watches (Android Wear) etc. The OS uses touch inputs that loosely
correspond to real-world actions like swiping, tapping, pinching, and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects,
and a virtual keyboard. Despite being primarily designed for touch screen inputs, it also has been used in gaming
consoles, digital cameras, and other electronic devices.
In 2011, Android has the largest installed base of any mobile OS and, as of 2013, Android devices also sell more
than Windows, iOS, and Mac OS devices combined. As of July 2013 the Google Play store has had over 1 million
Android apps published, and over 50 billion apps downloaded. A developer survey conducted in April–May 2013 found
that 71% of mobile developers develop for Android. Android's source code is released by Google under open
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source licenses, although most Android devices ultimately ship with a combination of open source and proprietary
software. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005, Android was
unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance—a consortium of hardware, software, and
telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.
Android is popular with technology companies which require a ready-made, low-cost and customizable operating system
for high-tech devices. Android's open nature has encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the
open-source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring
Android to devices which were officially released running other operating systems. The operating system's success has
made it a target for patent litigation as part of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology companies.
Features of Android [10]
1) General
Messaging
SMS and MMS are available forms of messaging, including threaded text messaging and Android Cloud to Device
Messaging (C2DM) and now enhanced version of C2DM, Android Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is also a part of
Android Push Messaging service.
Web browser
The web browser available in Android is based on the open-source Blink layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8
JavaScript engine.
Voice based features
Google search through voice has been available since initial release. Voice actions for calling, texting, navigation, etc. are
supported on Android 2.2 onwards. As of Android 4.1, Google has expanded Voice Actions with ability to talk back and
read answers from Google's Knowledge Graph when queried with specific commands. The ability to control hardware has
not yet been implemented.
Multi-touch
Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero [3].
Multitasking
Multitasking of applications, with unique handling of memory allocation, is available.
Screen capture
Android supports capturing a screenshot by pressing the power and volume-down buttons at the same time. Prior to
Android 4.0, the only methods of capturing a screenshot were through manufacturer and third-party customizations or
otherwise by using a PC connection. These alternative methods are still available with the latest Android.
Video calling
Android does not support native video calling, but some handsets have a customized version of the operating system that
supports it, either via the UMTS network (like the Samsung Galaxy S) or over IP. Video calling through Google Talk is
available in Android 2.3.4 and later. Gingerbread allows placing Internet calls with a SKYPE account. Skype 2.1 offers
video calling in Android 2.3, including front camera support. Users with the Google+ Android app can video chat with
other google+ users through hangouts.
Multiple language support
Android supports multiple languages.
Accessibility
Built in text to speech is provided by Talk back for people with low or no vision. Enhancements for people with hearing
difficulties are available as are other aids.
2) Connectivity
Android supports connectivity technologies including GSM/EDGE, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, LTE, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS,
NFC, IDEN and WiMAX.
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Bluetooth
Supports voice dialing and sending contacts between phones, sending files (OPP), accessing the phone book. Keyboard,
mouse and joystick (HID) support is available in Android 3.1+, and in earlier versions through manufacturer
customizations and third-party applications.
Tethering
Android supports tethering, which allows a phone to be used as a wireless/wired Wi-Fi hotspot. Before Android 2.2 this
was supported by third-party applications or manufacturer customizations.
3) Media
Streaming Media Support
Adobe Flash Streaming (RTMP) and HTTP Dynamic streaming are supported by the Flash plugin. Apple HTTP Live
Streaming is supported by RealPlayer for Android and by the operating system since Android 3.0 (Honeycomb).
Media support
Android supports the following audio/video/still media formats: WebMD, H.263, H.264, AAC, HE-AAC (in 3GP or MP4
container), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF,
and BMP.
External storage
Most Android devices include microSD slot and can read microSD cards formatted with FAT32, Ext3 or Ext4 file system.
To allow use of high-capacity storage media such as USB flash drives and USB HDDs, many Android tablets also include
USB 'A' receptacle. Storage formatted with FAT32 is handled by Linux Kernel VFAT driver, while 3rd party solutions
are required to handle other popular file systems such as NTFS, HFS Plus and exFAT.
Hardware support
Android devices can include still/video cameras, touchscreens, GPS, accelerometers, gyroscopes, barometers,
magnetometers, dedicated gaming controls, proximity and pressure sensors, thermometers, accelerated 2D bit blits (with
hardware orientation, scaling, pixel format conversion) and accelerated 3D graphics.
Other
Java support
While most Android applications are written in Java, there is no Java Virtual Machine in the platform and Java byte code
is not executed. Java classes are compiled into Dalvik executables and run on Dalvik, a specialized virtual machine
designed specifically for Android and optimized for battery-powered mobile devices with limited memory and CPU.
J2ME support can be provided via third-party applications.
Handset layouts
The platform works for various screen sizes from smartphone sizes and to tablet size, and can potentially connect to an
external screen, e.g. through HDMI, or wirelessly with Miracast. Portrait and landscape orientations are supported and
usually switching between by turning. A 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on OpenGL ES 2.0 specifications
is used.
Storage
SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.
Comparison between Android and other mobile [2]
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and software version you are Has the largest app store. Most example and go straight to the
interested in. Second largest app phone accessories are made for YouTube apps location. Must be
store. The battery is usually iPhone ranging from alarm clock fully booted in 30 seconds or less
replaceable.[6] docking stations and credit card from the time you press the power
scanners to stun guns. No other button or it will not meet Windows
phone has the accessory capability Phone spec. Battery is replaceable
that the iPhone has due to on most handsets. Hardware
manufacturer interest. The minimum specs set forth by
smartphone that made all other Microsoft must be adhered to. Same
phone manufactures step up their operating experience on all
game and make smartphones that Windows Phones [7].
actually worked for day to day
business and fun. Your friend
definitely has one to try [9].
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Disadvantages of Android
Connected to the Internet: Android can be said is in need of an active internet connection. At least there should
be a GPRS internet connection in your area, so that the device is ready to go online to suit our needs.
Sometimes slow device company issued an official version of Android your own.
Android Market is less control of the manager, sometimes there are malware.
As direct service providers, users sometimes very difficult to connect with the Google.
Sometimes there are ads: because it is easy and free, sometimes often a lot of advertising. In appearance it does
not interfere with the performance of the application itself, as it sometimes is in the top or bottom of the
application.
Wasteful Batteries, This is because the OS is a lot of "process" in the background causing the battery quickly
drains [4].
REFERENCES
[1] http://handphoneseluler.blogspot.in/2013/01/advantages-and-disadvantages-android.html
[2] http://android.stackexchange.com/questions/11400/what-are-the-names-of-the-various-versions-of-the-android-
os-and-how-are-these
[3] http://mim.ge/glossary.php?id=180
[4] http://www.techulator.com/experts/823-What-limitations-drawbacks-Android-operating-system.aspx
[5] http://www.atoztricks.com/2014/02/android-versions-from-cupcake-to-lollipop.html
[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_operating_systems
[7] http://www.cellularelite.com/WhatistheDifferencebetweentheAndroidBlackberryiPhoneandWindowsPhoneOpera
tingSystems.html
[8] http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/linux/run/ch01_08.htm
[9] http://community.giffgaff.com/t5/Blog/Mobile-Operating-Systems-Compared-iOS-Android-and-Windows-
Phone/ba-p/2776337
[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_ (operating_system)
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