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Difference Between Dirty Read, Non Repeatable Read and Phantom Read in Database

Dirty reads occur when one transaction reads uncommitted data from another transaction. Non-repeatable reads happen when the same query returns different results due to another transaction modifying the data. Phantom reads happen when the same query returns additional rows from another transaction inserting new data between queries.

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798 views

Difference Between Dirty Read, Non Repeatable Read and Phantom Read in Database

Dirty reads occur when one transaction reads uncommitted data from another transaction. Non-repeatable reads happen when the same query returns different results due to another transaction modifying the data. Phantom reads happen when the same query returns additional rows from another transaction inserting new data between queries.

Uploaded by

compiler&automata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11/5/2018 Difference between Dirty Read, Non Repeatable Read and Phantom Read in Database - On Going Help

Difference between Dirty Read, Non


Repeatable Read and Phantom Read in
Database
Following are the differences between Dirty Read, Non Repeatable Read and Phantom Read.

Dirty Read:-

Dirty read occurs when one transaction is changing the record, and the other transaction can read this record before the first
transaction has been committed or rolled back. This is known as a dirty read scenario because there is always the possibility
that the first transaction may rollback the change, resulting in the second transaction having read an invalid data.

Dirty Read Example:-

Transaction A begins.
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SALARY = 10000 WHERE EMP_ID= ‘123’;

Transaction B begins.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE;
(Transaction B sees data which is updated by transaction A. But, those updates have not yet been committed.)

Non-Repeatable Read:-

Non Repeatable Reads happen when in a same transaction same query yields to a different result. This occurs when one
transaction repeatedly retrieves the data, while a difference transactions alters the underlying data. This causes the different or
non-repeatable results to be read by the first transaction.

Non-Repeatable Example:-

Transaction A begins.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE EMP_ID= ‘123’;

Transaction B begins.
UPDATE EMPLOYEE SET SALARY = 20000 WHERE EMP_ID= ‘123’;
(Transaction B updates rows viewed by the transaction A before transaction A commits.) If Transaction A issues the same
SELECT statement, the results will be different.

Phantom Read:-

Phantom read occurs where in a transaction execute same query more than once, and the second transaction result set
includes rows that were not visible in the first result set. This is caused by another transaction inserting new rows between the
execution of the two queries. This is similar to a non-repeatable read, except that the number of rows is changed either by
insertion or by deletion.

Phantom Read Example:-

Transaction A begins.
SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE SALARY > 10000 ;

Transaction B begins.
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (EMP_ID, FIRST_NAME, DEPT_ID, SALARY) VALUES (‘111’, ‘Jamie’, 10, 35000);
Transaction B inserts a row that would satisfy the query in Transaction A if it were issued again.

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