BASIC CAR COMPONENT

Composed by :
Group V
1. Fery Budi Satria ( I8618016 )
2. Gilang Arya Putra ( I8618017 )
3. Guna Bangun Addin N ( I8618018 )

STUDY PROGRAM DIII MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
2018
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Thank to Almighty God who has given His bless to the writer for finishing the
English paper assignment entitled “BASIC CAR COMPONENT”.

The writer also wish to express his deep and sincere gratitude for those who have guided
in completing this paper. This English paper contains some information about BASIC
CAR COMPONENT.
The main component, advantage of electric car is provided in this paper. There are some
advantage of electric car.

Hopefully, this paper can help the readers to expand their knowledge about BASIC CAR
COMPONENT.
.

Surakarta, December 14th, 2018

Author

TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER....................................................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT..........................................................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENT............................................................................................................
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................
 1. Background..................................................................................................................
2. Formulation of Problem...............................................................................................
3. Purpose.........................................................................................................................

CHAPTER II DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................

1. Basic Car Component...................................................................................................

A. Body Electrical Component....................................................................................
B. Engine.....................................................................................................................
C. Chassis....................................................................................................................

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION

1. Conclusion....................................................................................................................

REFERENCE...........................................................................................................................
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1. Background

Cars are land vehicles driven by engine power, wheeled four or more (always even),
usually using fuel (gasoline or diesel) to start the engine. The car consists of 3 main systems,
namely the engine, chassis, and electricity. The engine is the cylinder, the piston is moving up
and down inside the cylinder. Chassis is the internal framework of an artificial object, which
supports the object in its construction and use. Is Silvhorn's electrical and automotive
Automotive technicians are automotive electrical specialists. From alternators to headlights we
have got your vehicle covered.
Each part has its own role. however the components cannot stand alone. all components
in the car or other types of machines are interdependent. so all the components are very
important, because if one does not work then the existing system will not run as precisely.
These three main components have a role in each system. Each of these components has
an important part too.

2. Formulation of Problem

1. what is the meaning of the machine and what are the components in it?
2. what is the meaning of car electricity and what are the components in it?
3. what is the meaning of chassis and what are the components in it?

3. Purpose

1. Can understand the meaning of engine systems, electricity and chassis

2. Can understand the various components in the engine, electricity and chassis
 3. Can learning and so that there were no misunderstandings about the system in the car.

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

1. Basic Car Component

A. Body Electrical Component
Silvhorn Automotive technicians are automotive electrical specialists. From alternators to
headlights we have got your vehicle covered.

Picture 1 electrical component

1. Starter
Located on the back of the engine or the front of the transmission, the starter cranks the
engine when the ignition switch is turned on.
We recommend having your starter tested to make sure it is drawing the correct amount
of current every spring.

2. Alternator
The alternator is your car’s electrical charger. It’s various parts are contained in an
aluminum housing and generate direct current for recharging your vehicle’s battery. Your
vehicle’s alternator also helps power the other electrical loads of your car.
 We recommend having your alternator’s drive belt checked at every oil change. A loose
alternator belt can reduce alternator output and run down your battery.
Have your car’s entire charging system checked yearly. If you see signs of a poor
alternator, poor light operation, a dead battery, frequent bulb replacement and dashboard
warning lights you may be having problems with your vehicle’s alternator. Your Silvhorn
Automotive technician can install a new alternator if necessary.

3. Battery
The battery is the backbone of your vehicle’s electrical system as it supplies power to the
starter and ignition system. Your vehicle’s battery also delivers the extra power needed
when the electrical load exceeds the alternator’s supply.
You should have your battery and it’s connections checked at every oil change. If your
battery is more than three years old, it’s a good idea to think about replacing it. Silvhorn
Automotive carries a variety of quality name-brand batteries.

4. Other Electrical Components

Silvhorn Automotive can service all the electrical components of your vehicle:
 power windows
 power steering
 headlights and other exterior lights
 windshield wipers
 and more
 B. Engine
The core of the engine is the cylinder, with the piston moving up and down inside the
cylinder. Single cylinder engines are typical of most lawn mowers, but usually cars have more
than one cylinder (four, six and eight cylinders are common). In a multi-cylinder engine, the
cylinders usually are arranged in one of three ways: inline, V or flat (also known as horizontally
opposed or boxer), as shown in the figures to the left.

Picture 2. Type cylinder engeine (inline, v, and flat)

So that inline four we mentioned at the beginning is an engine with four cylinders arranged in a
line. Different configurations have different advantages and disadvantages in terms of
smoothness, manufacturing cost and shape characteristics. These advantages and disadvantages
make them more suitable for certain vehicles.

Picture 3. Engine component

Let's look at some key engine parts in more detail.

1. Cylinder Block
 An engine block is the structure which contains the cylinders, and other parts, of an
internal combustion engine. In an early automotive engine, the engine block consisted of
just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was attached. Modern engine
blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single
component. Engine blocks often also include elements such as coolant passages and oil
galleries.

2. Cylinder head
In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often informally abbreviated to just
head) sits above the cylinders on top of the cylinder block. It closes in the top of the
cylinder, forming the combustion chamber. This joint is sealed by a head gasket. In most
engines, the head also provides space for the passages that feed air and fuel to the
cylinder, and that allow the exhaust to escape. The head can also be a place to mount the
valves, spark plugs, and fuel injectors.
3. Spark plug
The spark plug supplies the spark that ignites the air/fuel mixture so that combustion can
occur. The spark must happen at just the right moment for things to work properly.
4. Valves mecanism
The intake and exhaust valves open at the proper time to let in air and fuel and to let out
exhaust. Note that both valves are closed during compression and combustion so that the
combustion chamber is sealed.
5. Piston
A piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder.

6. Piston Rings
Piston rings provide a sliding seal between the outer edge of the piston and the inner edge
of the cylinder. The rings serve two purposes:
They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber from leaking
into the sump during compression and combustion.
They keep oil in the sump from leaking into the combustion area, where it would be
burned and lost.
 Most cars that "burn oil" and have to have a quart added every 1,000 miles are burning it
because the engine is old and the rings no longer seal things properly. Many modern
vehicles use more advance materials for piston rings. That's one of the reasons why
engines last longer and can go longer between oil changes.
7. Connecting rod
The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. It can rotate at both ends so that
its angle can change as the piston moves and the crankshaft rotates.
8. Crankshaft
The crankshaft turns the piston's up-and-down motion into circular motion just like a
crank on a jack-in-the-box does.
9. Sump
The sump surrounds the crankshaft. It contains some amount of oil, which collects in the
bottom of the sump (the oil pan).

C. Chassis
Is the internal framework of an artificial object, which supports the object in its construction
and use. An example of a chassis is a vehicle frame, the underpart of a motor vehicle, on which
the body is mounted; if the running gear such as wheels and transmission, and sometimes even
the driver's seat, are included, then the assembly is described as a rolling chassis.

Picture 4. Simple construction of chassis

1. Clutch isolates the engine from the transmission system as when needed. It also allows
the vehicle to be started from rest, smoothly and with jerks.
2. Gearbox helps the torque of the needed amount at the driving road wheels. Whenever the
resistance to be overcome by the vehicle changes, the gear ratio is to be changed. The
gear box serves precisely the purpose. The gearbox also helps to reverse the vehicle.
3. Universal joints cum propeller shaft transmit the torque from the gearbox shaft to the
final drive. The gearbox is generally attached to the vehicle frame. The final drive,
differential and rear axle are connected to the frame by means of springs. As the tyres of
the vehicle hit bumpers on road, the rear axle moves up and down. The universal joints
help the propeller shaft to attain different inclination.
4. Final drive transmits the torque from the longitudinal universal joints cum propeller shaft
to the transverse driving half axle shafts and the wheels. The final drive also multiplies
the driving torque.
5. Differential allows the driving wheels on the two sides of the vehicle to rotate at the same
speed when moving over a straight road and at different speeds whenever the vehicle
makes a turn.
6. Half-axle drive shafts transmit the driving torque from the final drive and differential unit
to the driving road wheels.
7. Frame-supports the engine, vehicle body, wheels and other components.
8. Spring and wheels transmit the vehicle load from the frame to the road.
9. Special dampers slow the resultant oscillations of the springs when the wheel hits
bumpers.
10. Controls in a vehicle are steering system, brake system, engine control and power train
control.
11. Steering system changes the direction of motion of the vehicle by turning the front
wheels.
12. Brake system ensures safe driving. With this, the vehicle can be stopped quickly, or
slowed down while going down a slope. The brakes are connected to the brake pedal or
lever by ways of mechanical, hydraulic or air operated devices.
13. Engine control is the mechanism that permits a variation in the revolutions of the engine
crankshaft as the demands.
14. Power train control boils to engage and disengage the clutch and the gearbox. These
controls, hence, make the speed and torque variation possible.
 BAB III

CONCLUSION

1. CONCLUTION

Engine is the core of the engine is the cylinder, with the piston moving up and down inside
the cylinder. Electric car is silvhorn Automotive technicians are automotive electrical specialists,
From alternators to headlights we have got your vehicle covered. Chassis Is the internal
framework of an artificial object, which supports the object in its construction and use.

After knowing the components and functions that exist in the car system, we can understand
and if there is damage we are not confused with what happens in other words we can repair if
there is a scam. even someday we can make new innovations to develop from this system.
examples in our machines can save fuel or combustion efficiency.
 REFERENCE

https://medium.com/@sampadasharma/chassis-and-its-components-in-automobile-system-
9845126fa5cd
http://www.partstrain.com/ShopbyCategory/Body_Electrical
https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-list-of-engine-components