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Chaplin 2015

The document discusses coupling a lumped mass interior ballistics code with the finite element code ABAQUS. This allows visualization of stress/strain during firing and fast evaluation of design changes. The codes are coupled so the finite element analysis calculates projectile movement which updates the pressure-time curve in the lumped mass code. This two-way communication between codes captures effects not possible with traditional one-way pressure curves.

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mohamed
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72 views

Chaplin 2015

The document discusses coupling a lumped mass interior ballistics code with the finite element code ABAQUS. This allows visualization of stress/strain during firing and fast evaluation of design changes. The codes are coupled so the finite element analysis calculates projectile movement which updates the pressure-time curve in the lumped mass code. This two-way communication between codes captures effects not possible with traditional one-way pressure curves.

Uploaded by

mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Coupling of a Lumped

Mass Interior Ballistics


Code with the Finite
Element Code ABAQUS

Raymond Chaplin Adrian Blot


RDAR-MEM-I RDAR-MEF-E
Picatinny Arsenal, NJ Picatinny Arsenal, NJ
[email protected] [email protected]
973-724-8562 973-724-9062
Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Why Finite Element Analysis?

• FiniteElement analysis is a very


useful tool in the evaluation of bullet
structural integrity.

• Allows for visualization of stress and


strain hot spots during the interior
ballistics event.

• Allows fast geometric and material


changes during concept development

• Allows for visualization of events


high speed cameras are incapable of
capturing
Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Interior Ballistics Overview

Ignition Phase

Combustion Phase

Expansion Phase

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Current Method of Setting up
Launch Models

• Typically use a “One Way” Pressure-Time curve to drive


the bullet
• Pressure-Time curves are usually obtained from test data
• Typically applied as a pressure on the base of the projectile

70000
60000
50000
Pressure

40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002
Time

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Problems with the current
method

• There is a good reason we refer to it as a “One Way” P-T


curve.
• The pressure time curve is dead set to the tabulated values. At any time t
in the analysis the pressure must be the value specified.
• In real life many factors such as geometry changes, material changes,
over/undersized bullets, and bore obstruction can change the bore
resistance curve.
• Changes in the bore resistance curve affect the rate of chamber volume
expansion as a function of time.
• From basic chemistry PV=nRT, if the chamber volume is different between
two bullets at a given time then so is the pressure.
• BLUF – One way PT curves cannot react to any changes
in the bullet or barrel, they are only valid for the exact
scenario where the test data was obtained.

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Lumped Mass Interior Ballistic
Codes

• Lumped mass interior ballistic codes use some


assumptions and computational iterations to calculate a PT
curve.
• Lumped mass assumes all propellant ignites uniformly at the same time.
• Also assumes some form of pressure gradient from the chamber to the
base of the projectile.
• Lumped mass codes require a pre-determined bore resistance curve.
• Also requires a large number of propellant parameters.
• Some current and past codes includes ARL’s Interior Ballistic High Speed
Gun 3 (IBHVG3)[1] code, and the older Bear-Frankle[2] code.

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Lumped Mass Driving
Equations

[3]

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
IB Computational Flow

Calculate Burn Rates, Calculate propellant Calculate breech and


propellant surface area, gas temperature and base pressures
and mass fractions space mean pressure

Calculate projectile Calculate new chamber


acceleration, integrate for volume based off projectile
velocity and displacement displacement

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Coupling of the two Codes

• The FEA and Lumped Mass codes are coupled


together to take advantage of the both of their individual
strengths.
• Pressure is initially calculated in the lumped mass subroutine and
passed into the FEA code as surface pressures.
• Three different surfaces are specified – base, breech, and
gradient.
• The accelerations, velocities, and displacements are calculated as
part of the FEA code (as well as stress, strain, and other structural
parameters)
• The bore resistance curve is now a function of material properties, the
contact algorithms, and element deformations in the FEA code.
• A plane is specified on both the chamber and the projectile in FEA, as
the projectile moves the delta between the planes is calculated and
fed back to the lumped mass subroutine.
• The lumped mass subroutine then calculates the new chamber
volume, then the new pressures are calculated and fed back to the
FEA code. Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Combined Code Computational
Flow
IB Subroutine IB Subroutine IB Subroutine

Calculate Burn Rates, Calculate propellant Calculate breech and


propellant surface area, gas temperature and base pressures – pass
and mass fractions space mean pressure to FEA code

FEA IB Subroutine

Pressure applied to Calculate new chamber


selected surfaces – volume based off projectile
displacement calculated displacement
based off of structural code

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Features of ARDECIB

• Can currently handle up to 4 propellant layers.


• Has all major propellant shapes coded in.
• Has a GUI to run in the ABAQUS CAE program.
• Can have multiple gun barrels and projectiles within
the same analysis.
• Currently working on
– Hi-Low chamber – this is calculated using a separate
computational fluid dynamic code.
– Multiplex rounds – again a separate CFD code is being
used.

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Other features

Barrel pressure curve can track the


plane delta and update based off of
projectile movement

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Code Calibration – Closed bomb
Models

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Code Calibration – Resistance
Free Projectile

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Code Calibration – With Bore
Resistance

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
Questions?

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.
References

• [1] Anderson R., Fickie K., “IBHVG2 – A Users Guide” BRL-TR-


2829; US Army Ballistic Research Laboratory: Aberdeen
Proving Ground, MD, July 1987
• [2] Baer P., Frankle J., “The Simulation of Interior Ballistics
Performance of Guns by Digital Computer Program” BRL-TR-
1183; US Army Ballistics Research Laboratory; Aberdeen
Proving Ground, MD, December 1962
• [3] Horst A., “Intro to Gun Propulsion Physics” Internal Course at
Army Research Lab; Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, January
2010

Distribution Statement A:
Approved for public release;
distribution is unlimited.

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