Scribd
Upload
220 views

HCHEM Notes Enthalpy Entropy and Free Energy

Enthalpy is a measure of heat absorbed or released by a chemical reaction. Entropy measures disorder - gases have the most disorder, followed by liquids then solids. Free energy (G) depends on enthalpy (H), entropy (S), and temperature (T), and determines if a reaction is spontaneous (negative G) or nonspontaneous (positive G). Reactions favor low energy (-H) and high disorder (+S). The temperature effect on spontaneity depends on whether H and S have the same or opposite signs.

Uploaded by

^password
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
220 views

HCHEM Notes Enthalpy Entropy and Free Energy

Enthalpy is a measure of heat absorbed or released by a chemical reaction. Entropy measures disorder - gases have the most disorder, followed by liquids then solids. Free energy (G) depends on enthalpy (H), entropy (S), and temperature (T), and determines if a reaction is spontaneous (negative G) or nonspontaneous (positive G). Reactions favor low energy (-H) and high disorder (+S). The temperature effect on spontaneity depends on whether H and S have the same or opposite signs.

Uploaded by

^password
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Enthalpy,

Entropy, and
Free Energy

Enthalpy Entropy
H – heat lost or absorbed
A measure of the disorder, or
in a chemical reaction
randomness, in a chemical
+ H – endothermic reaction
absorbs heat
- H – exothermic
gives off heat
Entropy and Phase S = Sfinal - Sinitial
Gases – most disorder We will not do calculations but just look
at signs:
Liquid – less disorder
+ S – products more disordered
Solid – little disorder than reactants
- S – products less disorder than
reactants

What would be the sign of S for the following: 2. Solid bromine sublimes into gaseous
bromine
1. Liquid water becomes solid water Answer: Since the product is
Answer: Since the product is LESS MORE DISORDER, the sign of S
DISORDERED, the sign of S is is positive
negative
Gibbs Free Energy G= H–T S
The above equation is what is used to
A measure that reflects the enthalpy,
calculate the free energy change when
entropy, and temperature of a
given enthalpy, temperature, and
reaction that is used to determine
entropy changes.
spontaneity.
- G = Spontaneous reaction
For now, we will not do calculations, but
+ G = Nonspontaneous reaction
you do need to know the equation!

IMPORTANT Some scenarios:


All reactions would prefer to have 1. A reaction results in Woo Hoo!

LOW ENERGY (- H) low energy (- H) Yeah!

HIGH DISORDER (+ S) high disorder (+ S)


It will always be SPONTANEOUS
Spontaneity ( G) depends on the because it is getting everything it
above two factors. wants! So G will be negative!
2. A reaction results in 3. A reaction results in
high energy (+ H) low energy (- H)
low disorder (- S) low disorder (- S)
It will always be One is good and one is bad so
NONSPONTANEOUS because it temperature is going to be
is getting nothing it wants! So G important. In order for this
will be positive. reaction to be spontaneous, the
temperature will have to be LOW.

4. A reaction results in Summary of Spontaneity


Scenario H S High T Low T
high energy (+ H)
1 - + Spontaneous at
high disorder (+ S) all Temps!!! - G

One is good and one is bad so 2 + - Nonspontaneous at


all Temps!!! + G
temperature is going to be NonSp! Spont!
3 - -
important. In order for this + G - G
reaction to be spontaneous, the 4 + + Spont! NonSp!
- G + G
temperature will have to be HIGH.
H=
H=
S=
S=
T=
T=
G=
G=

You might also like