A Review On Recent Active Vibration Control Techniques
A Review On Recent Active Vibration Control Techniques
CONTROL TECHNIQUES
ABSTRACT
Active vibration control has been introduced and used as one of the effective approaches
control method is contingent to accurate design and proper dynamics selection of the control
unit. These methods have been extensively studied in various studies in recent years. Each of
these new methods are designed by a specific dynamics for a specific system. Here in this paper,
we aim to introduce some of these recent approaches in a brief discussion, and familiarize the
readers with these techniques. Engineers who wish to design proper vibration controllers in
different scales, from micro- to macro applications, will certainly design a more successful
vibration controller if they know better about similar techniques, and they can implement the
Keywords: Vibration control, flexible structure, laminated beam, vibrating plate, piezoelectric actuator, feedback
1
Corresponding Author, [email protected]
1. Introduction
Active vibration control has been used for rejecting the undesired vibrations in different
systems for many years. The problem of undesired vibrations arise from an intrinsic problem
in flexible structures that these systems are easily vibrated due to the task that they are assigned
for, or due to severe ambient conditions. This problem is not limited to one system or one
design, and a wide variety of systems have suffered from this issue. This problem happens when
resonant modes of a piezoelectric stage are excited when scanning, or when a robot arm is
moving under discontinuous forces at its end, or when a drone is being influenced by the wind
in a severe weather.
The key point in designing a successful controller design is first to understand the problem
very well. When the system is studied and analyzed completely, the source of the disturbance
is known and the model of the system is extracted, the engineer needs to find the proper place
that an actuator can be set, and the way that the feedback can be collected. Having a feedback
from the vibrating structure is essential in designing the active vibration controller. Thirdly,
they type of available and accessible sensors and actuators should be specified.
Having all these steps taken, it is the controller that lastly plays the most important role.
The controller which is also known as the software of our system, can maximize the
performance which can be obtained from the hardware of the system. To this end in this work,
we present a brief review of the recent publications in this field. For each technique, we provide
Integral controllers are known as one of the most successful techniques for vibration
control. These methods have a first order integrator, which increase the damping of the system
when they are used in a closed-loop form. In a study by Szabat and Teresa [1], an analysis of
control structures for the electrical drive system with elastic joint is conducted. They have used
modulated input shaper for flexible spacecraft has been completely discussed in this work.
Integral twist actuation of helicopter rotor blades have also been used for vibration control in
[3]. A series of vibration control methods are developed based on PID control method. PID
such as its numerous applications in different control design systems, they have also been used
for vibration controller. In these systems however, the integrator plays a very important role.
One of the most frequently used approaches for vibration control is Sliding Mode Control
A series of nonlinear vibration controller have been implemented for nonlinear vibratory
systems. The reference [10] is a useful source for this topic. Nonlinear vibration control has
been used alongside energy harvesting in [11]. Hybrid time-domain and spatial filtering
nonlinear damping strategy for efficient broadband vibration control is developed and
discussed in [12]. For nonlinear vibrations, a series of works are developed and implemented
[13-15].
A set of nonlinearities are caused by the nonlinear geometry of the system, for those,
Method of Multiple Scales are used [16-20]. Cantilever beams are typically vibrated nonlinearly
when the amplitudes are high. Some useful references of these techniques are found at [21-26].
Positive Position Feedback (PPF) is undoubtedly the most famous technique for vibration
control in resonant frequencies. PPF control has been extensively used in space structures
vibration control. In fact, PPF was first introduced for this application and was designed to use
piezoelectric actuators/sensors [27, 28]. Vibration control of space structures has been a
challenging problem since the beginning of space travel. There are several studies on active
vibration control of space structures where collocated control methods are widely used.
Recently, PPF control has overshadowed other collocated methods enhanced by some other
approaches such as adaptive control [29-33]. PPF has been modified in order to have a higher
level of suppression [34-36]. Direct velocity feedback and acceleration feedback have also been
used by several researchers for the vibration control of space structures [37-45]. Specifically,
acceleration feedback control has been used for the control of the self-mobile space
manipulator [46].
Additionally, active noise and vibration control of flexible structures by means of smart
piezoelectric actuators and shape memory alloys in vibration control is increasing in many
research areas from micro-scale actuators in atomic force microscopes to active vibration
control of aircraft bodies [47-50]. Direct Velocity Feedback (DVL) and PPF have been
experimentally used to control the vibration of a micro-actuator for hard disk drives [51].
Vibrations in an aircraft or aerospace structure may appear due to various issues, and there are
different methods to control the vibrations. Active vibration control also has been used for
space structures, such as the Solar Array Flight Experiment (SAFE) structure during its
deployment [52]. Two of the most recent approaches that are based on PPF are presented in
[53, 54].
sensors, and micro-mirror control. One of the important MEMS devices is micro-gyroscope.
Micro-gyroscopes provide a low cost inertial measurement of rotation rate by sensing the
Coriolis force, the study of their control is essential [55-57]. An integral part of most MEMS
sensors, and in the Atomic Force Microscope. Piezoelectric materials are extensively used in
novel studies and industries, especially aerospace, and in wide and various applications in both
macro- and micro-technologies. Because of their small size and light weight, they have been
extensively used in aircraft and aerospace structures for active vibration control alongside
collocated control methods. They have been used by research institutes such as McDonnell
not as popular as velocity or position feedback but is still used for many aircraft vibration
Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM) was initially designed to capture three dimensional
images of nano-scale surfaces; however, today it has many other applications including bio-
Modeling and calculation of the forces between the SPM tip and the sample is one important
part of the measurements. There are two forces that should be measured: the Van der Waals
force and the contact force. Contact force identification using the subharmonic resonance of
contact mode AFM was studied considering the nonlinear contact force between the tip and a
hard sample [61]. In another study, the dynamics of the AFM were investigated in the presence
of a nonlinear contact and Van der Waals force; however, the micro-cantilever beam was
considered to act linearly [62]. However, most of the studies considered forces to act linearly
[63]. Nonlinear behavior of non-contact tapping-mode AFM was studied in the presence of the
Van der Waals force to study the stability of the system [64]. The dynamic-coupling effect
associated with using an iterative control and positive velocity and position feedback control
of piezoelectric tube scanners has been studied [65]. An iterative control approach has also
As the last section of this paper, some other novel techniques for vibration control are
briefed. In a series of works, vibration control using network based methods are implemented.
Two of these studies include PPF-based control and an integral resonant method [67-68]. A
novel active pneumatic vibration isolator through floor vibration observer has been used for
robust control in [69]. In another study in [70], a self-sensing and actuating method is used. A
investigated [71]. Flatness-based active vibration control for piezoelectric actuators is studied
in [72]. For more unconventional techniques that are designed for a variety of systems, see [73-
77].
7. CONCLUSION
with exclusive focus on recently published methods. These techniques were divided into
control in MEMS systems and some other unconventional methods. Each of the mentioned
techniques are specifically designed for a special vibration control case. The controller designed
must first understand his problem very well, and then start selecting the controller from
available methods. However, it is highly recommended that the technique is modified for the
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