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Power Triangle

The document discusses power in AC circuits, defining apparent, real, and reactive power and introducing the power triangle to show the relationships between these types of power. It also covers determining whether AC circuits are inductive, capacitive, or resistive based on the power triangle and provides examples of calculating power values and drawing the power triangle for circuits.

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Abdul Manaf
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
344 views

Power Triangle

The document discusses power in AC circuits, defining apparent, real, and reactive power and introducing the power triangle to show the relationships between these types of power. It also covers determining whether AC circuits are inductive, capacitive, or resistive based on the power triangle and provides examples of calculating power values and drawing the power triangle for circuits.

Uploaded by

Abdul Manaf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power Triangle

Learning Objectives
 Define apparent power.
 Calculate apparent power in AC series parallel
networks.
 Define the power triangle.
 Using the power triangle determine relationships
between real, reactive and apparent power.
 Determine if AC series parallel networks are
inductive, capacitive, or purely resistive.
Review

AC Power to a Resistive Load


2
V
P  VRMS I RMS  I RMS
2
R  RMS (watts)
R

AC Power to a Inductive Load


2
VRMS
QL  I 2
RMS XL  (VAR)
XL

AC Power to a Capacitive Load


2
VRMS
QC  I 2
RMS XC  (VAR CAP )
XC
Review
AC Power Summary

Real Power P = VI (W) P = 0 (W) P = 0 (W)


P = I2R =V2/R
Reactive Q = 0 (VAR) Q = VI (VARind) Q = VI (VARcap)
Power
Q = I2XL =V2/XL = I2XC =V2/XC
Resistance R XL = L XC = 1/C
Reactance
Apparent Power
 For a load with voltage V and current I, the
power that “appears to flow” to the load is VI
where V and I are rms values.
S = VI (VA)
 S is called the apparent power and has units of
volt-amperes (VA).
Apparent Power
 In terms of load impedance Z, apparent power
can be expressed
S = I2Z = V2/Z (VA)
 It is common to see apparent power give in kVA.
Example Problem 1
Determine the real, reactive, and apparent power.
Power Triangle
 The power triangle graphically shows the
relationship between real (P), reactive (Q) and
apparent power (S).

P

S
QL QC
 S

P
Power Triangle
 From the power triangle we can see that

S  P2  Q2
S  P  jQL or S  P  jQC
S  S 
P

S
QL QC
 S

P
Power Triangle
 We can generalize the equations:

P  P0
Q L  jQL
QC   jQC
I*is complex conjugate of I P
S  PQ 
 QC
S  VI S
Real and Reactive Power
 The power triangle also shows that we can find
real (P) and reactive (Q) power.
P  VI cos  S cos (W)
Q  VI sin   S sin  (VAR)
P

S
QL QC
 S

P
Example Problem 2
Draw the power triangle for this circuit. Determine
if this is an inductive, capacitive, or resistive
circuit.
Example Problem 3
Determine the value of R and PT & QT. Draw the
power triangle and determine S.

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